Re: [PATCH v12 01/12] lib: introduce copy_struct_{to,from}_user helpers

[Christian Brauner]

On Thu, Sep 05, 2019 at 06:19:22AM +1000, Aleksa Sarai wrote:
> A common pattern for syscall extensions is increasing the size of a
> struct passed from userspace, such that the zero-value of the new fields
> result in the old kernel behaviour (allowing for a mix of userspace and
> kernel vintages to operate on one another in most cases). This is done
> in both directions -- hence two helpers -- though it's more common to
> have to copy user space structs into kernel space.
> 
> Previously there was no common lib/ function that implemented
> the necessary extension-checking semantics (and different syscalls
> implemented them slightly differently or incompletely[1]). A future
> patch replaces all of the common uses of this pattern to use the new
> copy_struct_{to,from}_user() helpers.
> 
> [1]: For instance {sched_setattr,perf_event_open,clone3}(2) all do do
>      similar checks to copy_struct_from_user() while rt_sigprocmask(2)
>      always rejects differently-sized struct arguments.
> 
> Suggested-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
> Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@xxxxxxxxxx>
> ---
>  include/linux/uaccess.h |   5 ++
>  lib/Makefile            |   2 +-
>  lib/struct_user.c       | 182 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  3 files changed, 188 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
>  create mode 100644 lib/struct_user.c
> 
> diff --git a/include/linux/uaccess.h b/include/linux/uaccess.h
> index 34a038563d97..0ad9544a1aee 100644
> --- a/include/linux/uaccess.h
> +++ b/include/linux/uaccess.h
> @@ -230,6 +230,11 @@ static inline unsigned long __copy_from_user_inatomic_nocache(void *to,
>  
>  #endif		/* ARCH_HAS_NOCACHE_UACCESS */
>  
> +extern int copy_struct_to_user(void __user *dst, size_t usize,
> +			       const void *src, size_t ksize);
> +extern int copy_struct_from_user(void *dst, size_t ksize,
> +				 const void __user *src, size_t usize);
> +
>  /*
>   * probe_kernel_read(): safely attempt to read from a location
>   * @dst: pointer to the buffer that shall take the data
> diff --git a/lib/Makefile b/lib/Makefile
> index 29c02a924973..d86c71feaf0a 100644
> --- a/lib/Makefile
> +++ b/lib/Makefile
> @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ endif
>  CFLAGS_string.o := $(call cc-option, -fno-stack-protector)
>  endif
>  
> -lib-y := ctype.o string.o vsprintf.o cmdline.o \
> +lib-y := ctype.o string.o struct_user.o vsprintf.o cmdline.o \
>  	 rbtree.o radix-tree.o timerqueue.o xarray.o \
>  	 idr.o extable.o \
>  	 sha1.o chacha.o irq_regs.o argv_split.o \
> diff --git a/lib/struct_user.c b/lib/struct_user.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..7301ab1bbe98
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/lib/struct_user.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
> +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
> +/*
> + * Copyright (C) 2019 SUSE LLC
> + * Copyright (C) 2019 Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@xxxxxxxxxx>
> + */
> +
> +#include <linux/types.h>
> +#include <linux/export.h>
> +#include <linux/uaccess.h>
> +#include <linux/kernel.h>
> +#include <linux/string.h>
> +
> +#define BUFFER_SIZE 64
> +
> +/*
> + * "memset(p, 0, size)" but for user space buffers. Caller must have already
> + * checked access_ok(p, size).
> + */
> +static int __memzero_user(void __user *p, size_t s)
> +{
> +	const char zeros[BUFFER_SIZE] = {};
> +	while (s > 0) {
> +		size_t n = min(s, sizeof(zeros));
> +
> +		if (__copy_to_user(p, zeros, n))
> +			return -EFAULT;
> +
> +		p += n;
> +		s -= n;
> +	}
> +	return 0;
> +}
> +
> +/**
> + * copy_struct_to_user: copy a struct to user space
> + * @dst:   Destination address, in user space.
> + * @usize: Size of @dst struct.
> + * @src:   Source address, in kernel space.
> + * @ksize: Size of @src struct.
> + *
> + * Copies a struct from kernel space to user space, in a way that guarantees
> + * backwards-compatibility for struct syscall arguments (as long as future
> + * struct extensions are made such that all new fields are *appended* to the
> + * old struct, and zeroed-out new fields have the same meaning as the old
> + * struct).
> + *
> + * @ksize is just sizeof(*dst), and @usize should've been passed by user space.
> + * The recommended usage is something like the following:
> + *
> + *   SYSCALL_DEFINE2(foobar, struct foo __user *, uarg, size_t, usize)
> + *   {
> + *      int err;
> + *      struct foo karg = {};
> + *
> + *      // do something with karg
> + *
> + *      err = copy_struct_to_user(uarg, usize, &karg, sizeof(karg));
> + *      if (err)
> + *        return err;
> + *
> + *      // ...
> + *   }
> + *
> + * There are three cases to consider:
> + *  * If @usize == @ksize, then it's copied verbatim.
> + *  * If @usize < @ksize, then kernel space is "returning" a newer struct to an
> + *    older user space. In order to avoid user space getting incomplete
> + *    information (new fields might be important), all trailing bytes in @src
> + *    (@ksize - @usize) must be zerored, otherwise -EFBIG is returned.
> + *  * If @usize > @ksize, then the kernel is "returning" an older struct to a
> + *    newer user space. The trailing bytes in @dst (@usize - @ksize) will be
> + *    zero-filled.
> + *
> + * Returns (in all cases, some data may have been copied):
> + *  * -EFBIG:  (@usize < @ksize) and there are non-zero trailing bytes in @src.
> + *  * -EFAULT: access to user space failed.
> + */
> +int copy_struct_to_user(void __user *dst, size_t usize,
> +			const void *src, size_t ksize)
> +{
> +	size_t size = min(ksize, usize);
> +	size_t rest = abs(ksize - usize);
> +
> +	if (unlikely(usize > PAGE_SIZE))
> +		return -EFAULT;

Looks like this should be -EFBIG.

> +	if (unlikely(!access_ok(dst, usize)))
> +		return -EFAULT;
> +
> +	/* Deal with trailing bytes. */
> +	if (usize < ksize) {
> +		if (memchr_inv(src + size, 0, rest))
> +			return -EFBIG;
> +	} else if (usize > ksize) {
> +		if (__memzero_user(dst + size, rest))
> +			return -EFAULT;

Is zeroing that memory really our job? Seems to me we should just check
it is zeroed.

> +	}
> +	/* Copy the interoperable parts of the struct. */
> +	if (__copy_to_user(dst, src, size))
> +		return -EFAULT;
> +	return 0;
> +}
> +EXPORT_SYMBOL(copy_struct_to_user);
> +
> +/**
> + * copy_struct_from_user: copy a struct from user space
> + * @dst:   Destination address, in kernel space. This buffer must be @ksize
> + *         bytes long.
> + * @ksize: Size of @dst struct.
> + * @src:   Source address, in user space.
> + * @usize: (Alleged) size of @src struct.
> + *
> + * Copies a struct from user space to kernel space, in a way that guarantees
> + * backwards-compatibility for struct syscall arguments (as long as future
> + * struct extensions are made such that all new fields are *appended* to the
> + * old struct, and zeroed-out new fields have the same meaning as the old
> + * struct).
> + *
> + * @ksize is just sizeof(*dst), and @usize should've been passed by user space.
> + * The recommended usage is something like the following:
> + *
> + *   SYSCALL_DEFINE2(foobar, const struct foo __user *, uarg, size_t, usize)
> + *   {
> + *      int err;
> + *      struct foo karg = {};
> + *
> + *      err = copy_struct_from_user(&karg, sizeof(karg), uarg, size);
> + *      if (err)
> + *        return err;
> + *
> + *      // ...
> + *   }
> + *
> + * There are three cases to consider:
> + *  * If @usize == @ksize, then it's copied verbatim.
> + *  * If @usize < @ksize, then the user space has passed an old struct to a
> + *    newer kernel. The rest of the trailing bytes in @dst (@ksize - @usize)
> + *    are to be zero-filled.
> + *  * If @usize > @ksize, then the user space has passed a new struct to an
> + *    older kernel. The trailing bytes unknown to the kernel (@usize - @ksize)
> + *    are checked to ensure they are zeroed, otherwise -E2BIG is returned.
> + *
> + * Returns (in all cases, some data may have been copied):
> + *  * -E2BIG:  (@usize > @ksize) and there are non-zero trailing bytes in @src.
> + *  * -E2BIG:  @usize is "too big" (at time of writing, >PAGE_SIZE).
> + *  * -EFAULT: access to user space failed.
> + */
> +int copy_struct_from_user(void *dst, size_t ksize,
> +			  const void __user *src, size_t usize)
> +{
> +	size_t size = min(ksize, usize);
> +	size_t rest = abs(ksize - usize);
> +
> +	if (unlikely(usize > PAGE_SIZE))
> +		return -EFAULT;

That should be -E2BIG.

> +	if (unlikely(!access_ok(src, usize)))
> +		return -EFAULT;
> +
> +	/* Deal with trailing bytes. */
> +	if (usize < ksize)
> +		memset(dst + size, 0, rest);

I think kernel style mandates that if one branch in an if-else ladder
requires {} all other must use {} as well. So this should be:

if () {
	// one line
} else {
	// one line
	// another line
}

That's a change in behavior for clone3() and sched at least, no? Unless
- which I guess you might have done - you have moved the "error out when
the struct is too small" part before the call to copy_struct_from_user()
for them.

> +	else if (usize > ksize) {
> +		const void __user *addr = src + size;
> +		char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE] = {};
> +
> +		while (rest > 0) {
> +			size_t bufsize = min(rest, sizeof(buffer));
> +
> +			if (__copy_from_user(buffer, addr, bufsize))
> +				return -EFAULT;
> +			if (memchr_inv(buffer, 0, bufsize))
> +				return -E2BIG;
> +
> +			addr += bufsize;
> +			rest -= bufsize;
> +		}
> +	}
> +	/* Copy the interoperable parts of the struct. */
> +	if (__copy_from_user(dst, src, size))
> +		return -EFAULT;
> +	return 0;
> +}
> +EXPORT_SYMBOL(copy_struct_from_user);
> -- 
> 2.23.0
>