Re: [PATCH v2 2/2] mm, sl[aou]b: guarantee natural alignment for kmalloc(power-of-two)

[Kirill A. Shutemov]

On Mon, Sep 30, 2019 at 11:23:34AM +0200, Michal Hocko wrote:
> On Mon 23-09-19 18:36:32, Vlastimil Babka wrote:
> > On 8/26/19 1:16 PM, Vlastimil Babka wrote:
> > > In most configurations, kmalloc() happens to return naturally aligned (i.e.
> > > aligned to the block size itself) blocks for power of two sizes. That means
> > > some kmalloc() users might unknowingly rely on that alignment, until stuff
> > > breaks when the kernel is built with e.g.  CONFIG_SLUB_DEBUG or CONFIG_SLOB,
> > > and blocks stop being aligned. Then developers have to devise workaround such
> > > as own kmem caches with specified alignment [1], which is not always practical,
> > > as recently evidenced in [2].
> > > 
> > > The topic has been discussed at LSF/MM 2019 [3]. Adding a 'kmalloc_aligned()'
> > > variant would not help with code unknowingly relying on the implicit alignment.
> > > For slab implementations it would either require creating more kmalloc caches,
> > > or allocate a larger size and only give back part of it. That would be
> > > wasteful, especially with a generic alignment parameter (in contrast with a
> > > fixed alignment to size).
> > > 
> > > Ideally we should provide to mm users what they need without difficult
> > > workarounds or own reimplementations, so let's make the kmalloc() alignment to
> > > size explicitly guaranteed for power-of-two sizes under all configurations.
> > > What this means for the three available allocators?
> > > 
> > > * SLAB object layout happens to be mostly unchanged by the patch. The
> > >   implicitly provided alignment could be compromised with CONFIG_DEBUG_SLAB due
> > >   to redzoning, however SLAB disables redzoning for caches with alignment
> > >   larger than unsigned long long. Practically on at least x86 this includes
> > >   kmalloc caches as they use cache line alignment, which is larger than that.
> > >   Still, this patch ensures alignment on all arches and cache sizes.
> > > 
> > > * SLUB layout is also unchanged unless redzoning is enabled through
> > >   CONFIG_SLUB_DEBUG and boot parameter for the particular kmalloc cache. With
> > >   this patch, explicit alignment is guaranteed with redzoning as well. This
> > >   will result in more memory being wasted, but that should be acceptable in a
> > >   debugging scenario.
> > > 
> > > * SLOB has no implicit alignment so this patch adds it explicitly for
> > >   kmalloc(). The potential downside is increased fragmentation. While
> > >   pathological allocation scenarios are certainly possible, in my testing,
> > >   after booting a x86_64 kernel+userspace with virtme, around 16MB memory
> > >   was consumed by slab pages both before and after the patch, with difference
> > >   in the noise.
> > > 
> > > [1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-btrfs/c3157c8e8e0e7588312b40c853f65c02fe6c957a.1566399731.git.christophe.leroy@xxxxxx/
> > > [2] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-fsdevel/20190225040904.5557-1-ming.lei@xxxxxxxxxx/
> > > [3] https://lwn.net/Articles/787740/
> > > 
> > > Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@xxxxxxx>
> > 
> > So if anyone thinks this is a good idea, please express it (preferably
> > in a formal way such as Acked-by), otherwise it seems the patch will be
> > dropped (due to a private NACK, apparently).
> 
> Sigh.
> 
> An existing code to workaround the lack of alignment guarantee just show
> that this is necessary. And there wasn't any real technical argument
> against except for a highly theoretical optimizations/new allocator that
> would be tight by the guarantee.
> 
> Therefore
> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@xxxxxxxx>

Agreed.

Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>

-- 
 Kirill A. Shutemov