Re: [PATCH v2] KVM: nVMX: Tweak handling of failure code for nested VM-Enter failure

[Vitaly Kuznetsov]

Sean Christopherson <sean.j.christopherson@xxxxxxxxx> writes:

> Use an enum for passing around the failure code for a failed VM-Enter
> that results in VM-Exit to provide a level of indirection from the final
> resting place of the failure code, vmcs.EXIT_QUALIFICATION.  The exit
> qualification field is an unsigned long, e.g. passing around
> 'u32 exit_qual' throws up red flags as it suggests KVM may be dropping
> bits when reporting errors to L1.  This is a red herring because the
> only defined failure codes are 0, 2, 3, and 4, i.e. don't come remotely
> close to overflowing a u32.
>
> Setting vmcs.EXIT_QUALIFICATION on entry failure is further complicated
> by the MSR load list, which returns the (1-based) entry that failed, and
> the number of MSRs to load is a 32-bit VMCS field.  At first blush, it
> would appear that overflowing a u32 is possible, but the number of MSRs
> that can be loaded is hardcapped at 4096 (limited by MSR_IA32_VMX_MISC).
>
> In other words, there are two completely disparate types of data that
> eventually get stuffed into vmcs.EXIT_QUALIFICATION, neither of which is
> an 'unsigned long' in nature.  This was presumably the reasoning for
> switching to 'u32' when the related code was refactored in commit
> ca0bde28f2ed6 ("kvm: nVMX: Split VMCS checks from nested_vmx_run()").
>
> Using an enum for the failure code addresses the technically-possible-
> but-will-never-happen scenario where Intel defines a failure code that
> doesn't fit in a 32-bit integer.  The enum variables and values will
> either be automatically sized (gcc 5.4 behavior) or be subjected to some
> combination of truncation.  The former case will simply work, while the
> latter will trigger a compile-time warning unless the compiler is being
> particularly unhelpful.
>
> Separating the failure code from the failed MSR entry allows for
> disassociating both from vmcs.EXIT_QUALIFICATION, which avoids the
> conundrum where KVM has to choose between 'u32 exit_qual' and tracking
> values as 'unsigned long' that have no business being tracked as such.
> To cement the split, set vmcs12->exit_qualification directly from the
> entry error code or failed MSR index instead of bouncing through a local
> variable.
>
> Opportunistically rename the variables in load_vmcs12_host_state() and
> vmx_set_nested_state() to call out that they're ignored, set exit_reason
> on demand on nested VM-Enter failure, and add a comment in
> nested_vmx_load_msr() to call out that returning 'i + 1' can't wrap.
>
> No functional change intended.
>
> Reported-by: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@xxxxxxxxxx>
> Cc: Jim Mattson <jmattson@xxxxxxxxxx>
> Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <sean.j.christopherson@xxxxxxxxx>
> ---
>
> v2:
>   - Set vmcs12->exit_qualification directly to avoid writing the failed
>     MSR index (a u32) to the entry_failure_code enum. [Jim]
>   - Set exit_reason on demand since the "goto vm_exit" paths need to set
>     vmcs12->exit_qualification anyways, i.e. already have curly braces.
>
>  arch/x86/include/asm/vmx.h | 10 +++++----
>  arch/x86/kvm/vmx/nested.c  | 44 ++++++++++++++++++++++----------------
>  2 files changed, 31 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/vmx.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/vmx.h
> index 5e090d1f03f8..cd7de4b401fe 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/vmx.h
> +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/vmx.h
> @@ -527,10 +527,12 @@ struct vmx_msr_entry {
>  /*
>   * Exit Qualifications for entry failure during or after loading guest state
>   */
> -#define ENTRY_FAIL_DEFAULT		0
> -#define ENTRY_FAIL_PDPTE		2
> -#define ENTRY_FAIL_NMI			3
> -#define ENTRY_FAIL_VMCS_LINK_PTR	4
> +enum vm_entry_failure_code {
> +	ENTRY_FAIL_DEFAULT		= 0,
> +	ENTRY_FAIL_PDPTE		= 2,
> +	ENTRY_FAIL_NMI			= 3,
> +	ENTRY_FAIL_VMCS_LINK_PTR	= 4,
> +};
>  
>  /*
>   * Exit Qualifications for EPT Violations
> diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/nested.c b/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/nested.c
> index 2c36f3f53108..dc00d1742480 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/nested.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/nested.c
> @@ -922,6 +922,7 @@ static u32 nested_vmx_load_msr(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, u64 gpa, u32 count)
>  	}
>  	return 0;
>  fail:
> +	/* Note, max_msr_list_size is at most 4096, i.e. this can't wrap. */
>  	return i + 1;
>  }
>  
> @@ -1117,7 +1118,7 @@ static bool nested_vmx_transition_mmu_sync(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
>   * @entry_failure_code.
>   */
>  static int nested_vmx_load_cr3(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, unsigned long cr3, bool nested_ept,
> -			       u32 *entry_failure_code)
> +			       enum vm_entry_failure_code *entry_failure_code)
>  {
>  	if (cr3 != kvm_read_cr3(vcpu) || (!nested_ept && pdptrs_changed(vcpu))) {
>  		if (CC(!nested_cr3_valid(vcpu, cr3))) {
> @@ -2470,7 +2471,7 @@ static void prepare_vmcs02_rare(struct vcpu_vmx *vmx, struct vmcs12 *vmcs12)
>   * is assigned to entry_failure_code on failure.
>   */
>  static int prepare_vmcs02(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct vmcs12 *vmcs12,
> -			  u32 *entry_failure_code)
> +			  enum vm_entry_failure_code *entry_failure_code)
>  {
>  	struct vcpu_vmx *vmx = to_vmx(vcpu);
>  	struct hv_enlightened_vmcs *hv_evmcs = vmx->nested.hv_evmcs;
> @@ -2930,11 +2931,11 @@ static int nested_check_guest_non_reg_state(struct vmcs12 *vmcs12)
>  
>  static int nested_vmx_check_guest_state(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
>  					struct vmcs12 *vmcs12,
> -					u32 *exit_qual)
> +					enum vm_entry_failure_code *entry_failure_code)
>  {
>  	bool ia32e;
>  
> -	*exit_qual = ENTRY_FAIL_DEFAULT;
> +	*entry_failure_code = ENTRY_FAIL_DEFAULT;
>  
>  	if (CC(!nested_guest_cr0_valid(vcpu, vmcs12->guest_cr0)) ||
>  	    CC(!nested_guest_cr4_valid(vcpu, vmcs12->guest_cr4)))
> @@ -2949,7 +2950,7 @@ static int nested_vmx_check_guest_state(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
>  		return -EINVAL;
>  
>  	if (nested_vmx_check_vmcs_link_ptr(vcpu, vmcs12)) {
> -		*exit_qual = ENTRY_FAIL_VMCS_LINK_PTR;
> +		*entry_failure_code = ENTRY_FAIL_VMCS_LINK_PTR;
>  		return -EINVAL;
>  	}
>  
> @@ -3241,9 +3242,9 @@ enum nvmx_vmentry_status nested_vmx_enter_non_root_mode(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
>  {
>  	struct vcpu_vmx *vmx = to_vmx(vcpu);
>  	struct vmcs12 *vmcs12 = get_vmcs12(vcpu);
> +	enum vm_entry_failure_code entry_failure_code;
>  	bool evaluate_pending_interrupts;
> -	u32 exit_reason = EXIT_REASON_INVALID_STATE;
> -	u32 exit_qual;
> +	u32 exit_reason, failed_index;
>  
>  	if (kvm_check_request(KVM_REQ_TLB_FLUSH_CURRENT, vcpu))
>  		kvm_vcpu_flush_tlb_current(vcpu);
> @@ -3291,24 +3292,30 @@ enum nvmx_vmentry_status nested_vmx_enter_non_root_mode(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
>  			return NVMX_VMENTRY_VMFAIL;
>  		}
>  
> -		if (nested_vmx_check_guest_state(vcpu, vmcs12, &exit_qual))
> +		if (nested_vmx_check_guest_state(vcpu, vmcs12,
> +						 &entry_failure_code)) {
> +			exit_reason = EXIT_REASON_INVALID_STATE;
> +			vmcs12->exit_qualification = entry_failure_code;
>  			goto vmentry_fail_vmexit;
> +		}
>  	}
>  
>  	enter_guest_mode(vcpu);
>  	if (vmcs12->cpu_based_vm_exec_control & CPU_BASED_USE_TSC_OFFSETTING)
>  		vcpu->arch.tsc_offset += vmcs12->tsc_offset;
>  
> -	if (prepare_vmcs02(vcpu, vmcs12, &exit_qual))
> +	if (prepare_vmcs02(vcpu, vmcs12, &entry_failure_code))
>  		goto vmentry_fail_vmexit_guest_mode;
>  
>  	if (from_vmentry) {
> -		exit_reason = EXIT_REASON_MSR_LOAD_FAIL;
> -		exit_qual = nested_vmx_load_msr(vcpu,
> -						vmcs12->vm_entry_msr_load_addr,
> -						vmcs12->vm_entry_msr_load_count);
> -		if (exit_qual)
> +		failed_index = nested_vmx_load_msr(vcpu,
> +						   vmcs12->vm_entry_msr_load_addr,
> +						   vmcs12->vm_entry_msr_load_count);
> +		if (failed_index) {
> +			exit_reason = EXIT_REASON_MSR_LOAD_FAIL;
> +			vmcs12->exit_qualification = failed_index;
>  			goto vmentry_fail_vmexit_guest_mode;
> +		}
>  	} else {
>  		/*
>  		 * The MMU is not initialized to point at the right entities yet and
> @@ -3372,7 +3379,6 @@ enum nvmx_vmentry_status nested_vmx_enter_non_root_mode(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
>  
>  	load_vmcs12_host_state(vcpu, vmcs12);
>  	vmcs12->vm_exit_reason = exit_reason | VMX_EXIT_REASONS_FAILED_VMENTRY;
> -	vmcs12->exit_qualification = exit_qual;
>  	if (enable_shadow_vmcs || vmx->nested.hv_evmcs)
>  		vmx->nested.need_vmcs12_to_shadow_sync = true;
>  	return NVMX_VMENTRY_VMEXIT;
> @@ -4066,8 +4072,8 @@ static void prepare_vmcs12(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct vmcs12 *vmcs12,
>  static void load_vmcs12_host_state(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
>  				   struct vmcs12 *vmcs12)
>  {
> +	enum vm_entry_failure_code ignored;
>  	struct kvm_segment seg;
> -	u32 entry_failure_code;
>  
>  	if (vmcs12->vm_exit_controls & VM_EXIT_LOAD_IA32_EFER)
>  		vcpu->arch.efer = vmcs12->host_ia32_efer;
> @@ -4102,7 +4108,7 @@ static void load_vmcs12_host_state(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
>  	 * Only PDPTE load can fail as the value of cr3 was checked on entry and
>  	 * couldn't have changed.
>  	 */
> -	if (nested_vmx_load_cr3(vcpu, vmcs12->host_cr3, false, &entry_failure_code))
> +	if (nested_vmx_load_cr3(vcpu, vmcs12->host_cr3, false, &ignored))
>  		nested_vmx_abort(vcpu, VMX_ABORT_LOAD_HOST_PDPTE_FAIL);
>  
>  	if (!enable_ept)
> @@ -6002,7 +6008,7 @@ static int vmx_set_nested_state(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
>  {
>  	struct vcpu_vmx *vmx = to_vmx(vcpu);
>  	struct vmcs12 *vmcs12;
> -	u32 exit_qual;
> +	enum vm_entry_failure_code ignored;
>  	struct kvm_vmx_nested_state_data __user *user_vmx_nested_state =
>  		&user_kvm_nested_state->data.vmx[0];
>  	int ret;
> @@ -6143,7 +6149,7 @@ static int vmx_set_nested_state(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
>  
>  	if (nested_vmx_check_controls(vcpu, vmcs12) ||
>  	    nested_vmx_check_host_state(vcpu, vmcs12) ||
> -	    nested_vmx_check_guest_state(vcpu, vmcs12, &exit_qual))
> +	    nested_vmx_check_guest_state(vcpu, vmcs12, &ignored))
>  		goto error_guest_mode;
>  
>  	vmx->nested.dirty_vmcs12 = true;

Reviewed-by: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@xxxxxxxxxx>

Thanks!

-- 
Vitaly