[RFC v8 0/8] Implement Data Access Monitoring-based Memory Operation Schemes
From: SeongJae Park
Date: Tue May 12 2020 - 07:54:32 EST
From: SeongJae Park <sjpark@xxxxxxxxx>
DAMON[1] can be used as a primitive for data access awared memory management
optimizations. That said, users who want such optimizations should run DAMON,
read the monitoring results, analyze it, plan a new memory management scheme,
and apply the new scheme by themselves. Such efforts will be inevitable for
some complicated optimizations.
However, in many other cases, the users would simply want the system to apply a
memory management action to a memory region of a specific size having a
specific access frequency for a specific time. For example, "page out a memory
region larger than 100 MiB keeping only rare accesses more than 2 minutes", or
"Do not use THP for a memory region larger than 2 MiB rarely accessed for more
than 1 seconds".
This RFC patchset makes DAMON to handle such data access monitoring-based
operation schemes. With this change, users can do the data access aware
optimizations by simply specifying their schemes to DAMON.
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20200406130938.14066-1-sjpark@xxxxxxxxxx/
Evaluations
===========
Setup
-----
On my personal QEMU/KVM based virtual machine on an Intel i7 host machine
running Ubuntu 18.04, I measure runtime and consumed system memory while
running various realistic workloads with several configurations. I use 13 and
12 workloads in PARSEC3[3] and SPLASH-2X[4] benchmark suites, respectively. I
personally use another wrapper scripts[5] for setup and run of the workloads.
On top of this patchset, we also applied the DAMON-based operation schemes
patchset[6] for this evaluation.
Measurement
~~~~~~~~~~~
For the measurement of the amount of consumed memory in system global scope, I
drop caches before starting each of the workloads and monitor 'MemFree' in the
'/proc/meminfo' file. To make results more stable, I repeat the runs 5 times
and average results. You can get stdev, min, and max of the numbers among the
repeated runs in appendix below.
Configurations
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The configurations I use are as below.
orig: Linux v5.5 with 'madvise' THP policy
rec: 'orig' plus DAMON running with record feature
thp: same with 'orig', but use 'always' THP policy
ethp: 'orig' plus a DAMON operation scheme[6], 'efficient THP'
prcl: 'orig' plus a DAMON operation scheme, 'proactive reclaim[7]'
I use 'rec' for measurement of DAMON overheads to target workloads and system
memory. The remaining configs including 'thp', 'ethp', and 'prcl' are for
measurement of DAMON monitoring accuracy.
'ethp' and 'prcl' is simple DAMON-based operation schemes developed for
proof of concepts of DAMON. 'ethp' reduces memory space waste of THP by using
DAMON for decision of promotions and demotion for huge pages, while 'prcl' is
as similar as the original work. Those are implemented as below:
# format: <min/max size> <min/max frequency (0-100)> <min/max age> <action>
# ethp: Use huge pages if a region >2MB shows >5% access rate, use regular
# pages if a region >2MB shows <5% access rate for >1 second
2M null 5 null null null hugepage
2M null null 5 1s null nohugepage
# prcl: If a region >4KB shows <5% access rate for >5 seconds, page out.
4K null null 5 500ms null pageout
Note that both 'ethp' and 'prcl' are designed with my only straightforward
intuition, because those are for only proof of concepts and monitoring accuracy
of DAMON. In other words, those are not for production. For production use,
those should be tuned more.
[1] "Redis latency problems troubleshooting", https://redis.io/topics/latency
[2] "Disable Transparent Huge Pages (THP)",
https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/tutorial/transparent-huge-pages/
[3] "The PARSEC Becnhmark Suite", https://parsec.cs.princeton.edu/index.htm
[4] "SPLASH-2x", https://parsec.cs.princeton.edu/parsec3-doc.htm#splash2x
[5] "parsec3_on_ubuntu", https://github.com/sjp38/parsec3_on_ubuntu
[6] "[RFC v4 0/7] Implement Data Access Monitoring-based Memory Operation
Schemes",
https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20200303121406.20954-1-sjpark@xxxxxxxxxx/
[7] "Proactively reclaiming idle memory", https://lwn.net/Articles/787611/
Results
-------
Below two tables show the measurement results. The runtimes are in seconds
while the memory usages are in KiB. Each configurations except 'orig' shows
its overhead relative to 'orig' in percent within parenthesises.
runtime orig rec (overhead) thp (overhead) ethp (overhead) prcl (overhead)
parsec3/blackscholes 107.065 107.478 (0.39) 106.682 (-0.36) 107.365 (0.28) 111.811 (4.43)
parsec3/bodytrack 79.256 79.450 (0.25) 78.645 (-0.77) 79.314 (0.07) 80.305 (1.32)
parsec3/canneal 139.497 141.181 (1.21) 121.526 (-12.88) 130.074 (-6.75) 154.644 (10.86)
parsec3/dedup 11.879 11.873 (-0.05) 11.693 (-1.56) 11.948 (0.58) 12.694 (6.86)
parsec3/facesim 207.814 208.467 (0.31) 203.743 (-1.96) 206.759 (-0.51) 214.603 (3.27)
parsec3/ferret 190.124 190.955 (0.44) 189.575 (-0.29) 190.852 (0.38) 191.548 (0.75)
parsec3/fluidanimate 211.046 212.282 (0.59) 208.832 (-1.05) 212.143 (0.52) 218.774 (3.66)
parsec3/freqmine 289.259 290.096 (0.29) 288.510 (-0.26) 290.177 (0.32) 296.269 (2.42)
parsec3/raytrace 118.522 119.701 (0.99) 119.469 (0.80) 118.964 (0.37) 130.584 (10.18)
parsec3/streamcluster 323.619 327.830 (1.30) 283.374 (-12.44) 287.837 (-11.06) 330.216 (2.04)
parsec3/swaptions 154.007 155.714 (1.11) 154.767 (0.49) 154.955 (0.62) 155.256 (0.81)
parsec3/vips 58.822 58.750 (-0.12) 58.564 (-0.44) 58.807 (-0.02) 60.320 (2.55)
parsec3/x264 67.335 72.516 (7.69) 64.680 (-3.94) 70.096 (4.10) 72.465 (7.62)
splash2x/barnes 80.335 80.979 (0.80) 73.758 (-8.19) 78.874 (-1.82) 99.226 (23.52)
splash2x/fft 33.441 33.312 (-0.38) 22.909 (-31.49) 31.561 (-5.62) 41.496 (24.09)
splash2x/lu_cb 85.691 85.706 (0.02) 84.352 (-1.56) 85.943 (0.29) 88.914 (3.76)
splash2x/lu_ncb 92.338 92.749 (0.45) 89.773 (-2.78) 92.888 (0.60) 94.104 (1.91)
splash2x/ocean_cp 44.542 44.795 (0.57) 42.958 (-3.56) 44.061 (-1.08) 49.091 (10.21)
splash2x/ocean_ncp 82.101 82.006 (-0.12) 51.418 (-37.37) 64.496 (-21.44) 105.998 (29.11)
splash2x/radiosity 91.296 91.353 (0.06) 90.668 (-0.69) 91.379 (0.09) 103.265 (13.11)
splash2x/radix 31.243 31.417 (0.56) 25.176 (-19.42) 30.297 (-3.03) 38.474 (23.14)
splash2x/raytrace 84.405 84.863 (0.54) 83.498 (-1.08) 83.637 (-0.91) 85.166 (0.90)
splash2x/volrend 87.516 88.156 (0.73) 86.311 (-1.38) 87.016 (-0.57) 88.318 (0.92)
splash2x/water_nsquared 233.515 233.826 (0.13) 221.169 (-5.29) 224.430 (-3.89) 236.929 (1.46)
splash2x/water_spatial 89.207 89.448 (0.27) 89.396 (0.21) 89.826 (0.69) 97.700 (9.52)
total 2993.890 3014.920 (0.70) 2851.460 (-4.76) 2923.710 (-2.34) 3158.180 (5.49)
memused.avg orig rec (overhead) thp (overhead) ethp (overhead) prcl (overhead)
parsec3/blackscholes 1819997.200 1832626.000 (0.69) 1821707.000 (0.09) 1830010.400 (0.55) 1651016.200 (-9.28)
parsec3/bodytrack 1416437.600 1430462.200 (0.99) 1420736.400 (0.30) 1428355.600 (0.84) 1430327.000 (0.98)
parsec3/canneal 1040414.400 1050736.800 (0.99) 1041515.600 (0.11) 1048562.200 (0.78) 1049049.400 (0.83)
parsec3/dedup 2414431.800 2454260.400 (1.65) 2423175.400 (0.36) 2396560.200 (-0.74) 2379898.200 (-1.43)
parsec3/facesim 540432.200 551410.200 (2.03) 545978.200 (1.03) 558558.400 (3.35) 483755.400 (-10.49)
parsec3/ferret 318728.600 333971.800 (4.78) 322158.200 (1.08) 332889.200 (4.44) 327896.400 (2.88)
parsec3/fluidanimate 576917.800 585126.600 (1.42) 575123.200 (-0.31) 585429.200 (1.48) 484810.600 (-15.97)
parsec3/freqmine 987882.200 997030.600 (0.93) 990429.200 (0.26) 998484.000 (1.07) 770740.200 (-21.98)
parsec3/raytrace 1747059.800 1752904.000 (0.33) 1738853.600 (-0.47) 1753948.600 (0.39) 1578118.000 (-9.67)
parsec3/streamcluster 121857.600 133934.400 (9.91) 121777.800 (-0.07) 133145.800 (9.26) 131512.800 (7.92)
parsec3/swaptions 14123.000 29254.400 (107.14) 14017.200 (-0.75) 26470.600 (87.43) 28429.800 (101.30)
parsec3/vips 2957631.800 2972884.400 (0.52) 2938855.400 (-0.63) 2960746.000 (0.11) 2946850.800 (-0.36)
parsec3/x264 3184777.200 3214527.400 (0.93) 3177061.000 (-0.24) 3192446.600 (0.24) 3185851.800 (0.03)
splash2x/barnes 1209737.200 1214763.200 (0.42) 1242138.400 (2.68) 1215857.600 (0.51) 994280.800 (-17.81)
splash2x/fft 9362799.400 9178844.600 (-1.96) 9264052.600 (-1.05) 9164996.600 (-2.11) 9452048.200 (0.95)
splash2x/lu_cb 515716.000 524071.600 (1.62) 521226.200 (1.07) 524261.400 (1.66) 372910.200 (-27.69)
splash2x/lu_ncb 512898.200 523057.600 (1.98) 520630.800 (1.51) 523779.000 (2.12) 446282.400 (-12.99)
splash2x/ocean_cp 3346038.000 3288703.600 (-1.71) 3386906.600 (1.22) 3330937.200 (-0.45) 3266442.400 (-2.38)
splash2x/ocean_ncp 3886945.600 3871894.000 (-0.39) 7066192.000 (81.79) 5065229.800 (30.31) 3652078.200 (-6.04)
splash2x/radiosity 1467107.200 1468850.800 (0.12) 1481292.600 (0.97) 1470335.800 (0.22) 530923.400 (-63.81)
splash2x/radix 1708330.800 1699792.200 (-0.50) 1352708.600 (-20.82) 1601339.200 (-6.26) 2043947.800 (19.65)
splash2x/raytrace 44817.200 59047.800 (31.75) 52010.200 (16.05) 60407.200 (34.79) 53916.400 (20.30)
splash2x/volrend 151534.200 167791.400 (10.73) 151759.000 (0.15) 165012.400 (8.89) 160864.600 (6.16)
splash2x/water_nsquared 46549.400 61846.800 (32.86) 51741.200 (11.15) 59214.400 (27.21) 91869.400 (97.36)
splash2x/water_spatial 669085.200 675929.200 (1.02) 665924.600 (-0.47) 676218.200 (1.07) 538430.200 (-19.53)
total 40062200.000 40073700.000 (0.03) 42888000.000 (7.05) 41103100.000 (2.60) 38052200.000 (-5.02)
DAMON Overheads
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In total, DAMON recording feature incurs 0.70% runtime overhead and 0.03%
memory space overhead.
For convenience test run of 'rec', I use a Python wrapper. The wrapper
constantly consumes about 10-15MB of memory. This becomes high memory overhead
if the target workload has small memory footprint. Nonetheless, the overheads
are not from DAMON, but from the wrapper, and thus should be ignored. This
fake memory overhead continues in 'ethp' and 'prcl', as those configurations
are also using the Python wrapper.
Efficient THP
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
THP 'always' enabled policy achieves 4.76% speedup but incurs 7.05% memory
overhead. It achieves 37.37% speedup in best case, but 81.79% memory overhead
in worst case. Interestingly, both the best and worst case are with
'splash2x/ocean_ncp').
The 2-lines implementation of data access monitoring based THP version ('ethp')
shows 2.34% speedup and 2.60% memory overhead. In other words, 'ethp' removes
63.12% of THP memory waste while preserving 49.15% of THP speedup in total. In
case of the 'splash2x/ocean_ncp', 'ethp' removes 62.94% of THP memory waste
while preserving 57.37% of THP speedup.
Proactive Reclamation
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
As same to the original work, I use 'zram' swap device for this configuration.
In total, our 1 line implementation of Proactive Reclamation, 'prcl', incurred
8.41% runtime overhead in total while achieving 5.83% system memory usage
reduction.
Nonetheless, as the memory usage is calculated with 'MemFree' in
'/proc/meminfo', it contains the SwapCached pages. As the swapcached pages can
be easily evicted, I also measured the residential set size of the workloads:
rss.avg orig rec (overhead) thp (overhead) ethp (overhead) prcl (overhead)
parsec3/blackscholes 591452.000 591466.400 (0.00) 593145.200 (0.29) 590609.400 (-0.14) 324379.000 (-45.16)
parsec3/bodytrack 32458.600 32352.200 (-0.33) 32218.400 (-0.74) 32376.400 (-0.25) 27186.000 (-16.24)
parsec3/canneal 841311.600 839888.400 (-0.17) 837008.400 (-0.51) 837811.000 (-0.42) 823276.200 (-2.14)
parsec3/dedup 1219096.600 1228038.800 (0.73) 1235610.800 (1.35) 1214267.000 (-0.40) 992031.000 (-18.63)
parsec3/facesim 311322.200 311574.400 (0.08) 316277.000 (1.59) 312593.800 (0.41) 188789.400 (-39.36)
parsec3/ferret 99536.600 99556.800 (0.02) 102366.000 (2.84) 99799.000 (0.26) 88392.000 (-11.20)
parsec3/fluidanimate 531893.600 531856.000 (-0.01) 532143.400 (0.05) 532190.200 (0.06) 421798.800 (-20.70)
parsec3/freqmine 553533.200 552730.400 (-0.15) 555642.600 (0.38) 553895.400 (0.07) 78335.000 (-85.85)
parsec3/raytrace 894094.200 894849.000 (0.08) 889964.000 (-0.46) 892865.000 (-0.14) 332911.800 (-62.77)
parsec3/streamcluster 110938.000 110968.200 (0.03) 111673.400 (0.66) 111312.200 (0.34) 109911.200 (-0.93)
parsec3/swaptions 5630.000 5634.800 (0.09) 5656.600 (0.47) 5692.000 (1.10) 4028.400 (-28.45)
parsec3/vips 32107.000 32045.200 (-0.19) 32207.800 (0.31) 32293.800 (0.58) 29093.600 (-9.39)
parsec3/x264 81926.000 82143.000 (0.26) 83258.400 (1.63) 82570.600 (0.79) 80651.800 (-1.56)
splash2x/barnes 1215468.800 1217889.800 (0.20) 1222006.800 (0.54) 1217425.600 (0.16) 752405.200 (-38.10)
splash2x/fft 9584734.800 9568872.800 (-0.17) 9660321.400 (0.79) 9646012.000 (0.64) 8367492.800 (-12.70)
splash2x/lu_cb 510555.400 510807.400 (0.05) 514448.600 (0.76) 509281.800 (-0.25) 349272.200 (-31.59)
splash2x/lu_ncb 510310.000 508915.600 (-0.27) 513886.000 (0.70) 510288.400 (-0.00) 431521.800 (-15.44)
splash2x/ocean_cp 3408724.400 3408424.600 (-0.01) 3446054.400 (1.10) 3419536.200 (0.32) 3173818.600 (-6.89)
splash2x/ocean_ncp 3923539.600 3922605.400 (-0.02) 7175526.600 (82.88) 5152558.800 (31.32) 3475756.000 (-11.41)
splash2x/radiosity 1476050.000 1475470.400 (-0.04) 1485747.000 (0.66) 1476232.600 (0.01) 269512.200 (-81.74)
splash2x/radix 1756385.400 1752676.000 (-0.21) 1431621.600 (-18.49) 1711460.800 (-2.56) 1923448.200 (9.51)
splash2x/raytrace 23286.400 23311.200 (0.11) 28440.800 (22.13) 26977.200 (15.85) 15685.200 (-32.64)
splash2x/volrend 44089.400 44125.600 (0.08) 44436.600 (0.79) 44250.400 (0.37) 27616.800 (-37.36)
splash2x/water_nsquared 29437.600 29403.200 (-0.12) 29817.400 (1.29) 30040.000 (2.05) 25369.600 (-13.82)
splash2x/water_spatial 656264.400 656566.400 (0.05) 656016.400 (-0.04) 656420.200 (0.02) 474480.400 (-27.70)
total 28444100.000 28432200.000 (-0.04) 31535300.000 (10.87) 29698900.000 (4.41) 22787200.000 (-19.89)
In total, 19.89% of residential sets were reduced.
With parsec3/freqmine, 'prcl' reduced 85.85% of residential sets and 21.98% of
system memory usage while incurring only 2.42% runtime overhead.
Baseline and Complete Git Tree
==============================
The patches are based on the v5.6 plus v11 DAMON patchset[1] and Minchan's
``do_madvise()`` patch[2]. Minchan's patch was necessary for reuse of
``madvise()`` code in DAMON. You can also clone the complete git tree:
$ git clone git://github.com/sjp38/linux -b damos/rfc/v8
The web is also available:
https://github.com/sjp38/linux/releases/tag/damos/rfc/v8
The latest DAMON development tree is also available at:
https://github.com/sjp38/linux/tree/damon/master
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20200511123302.12520-1-sjpark@xxxxxxxxxx/
[2] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20200302193630.68771-2-minchan@xxxxxxxxxx/
Sequence Of Patches
===================
The first patch allows DAMON to reuse ``madvise()`` code for the actions. The
second patch accounts age of each region. The third patch implements the
handling of the schemes in DAMON and exports a kernel space programming
interface for it. The fourth patch implements a debugfs interface for the
privileged people and programs. The fifth and sixth patches each adds kunit
tests and selftests for these changes, and the seventhe patch adds human
friendly schemes support to the user space tool for DAMON. Finally, the eighth
patch documents this new feature in the document.
Patch History
=============
Changes from RFC v7
(https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20200429124540.32232-1-sjpark@xxxxxxxxxx/)
- Rebase on DAMON v11 patchset
- Add documentation
Changes from RFC v6
(https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20200407100007.3894-1-sjpark@xxxxxxxxxx/)
- Rebase on DAMON v9 patchset
- Cleanup code and fix typos (Stefan Nuernberger)
Changes from RFC v5
(https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20200330115042.17431-1-sjpark@xxxxxxxxxx/)
- Rebase on DAMON v8 patchset
- Update test results
- Fix DAMON userspace tool crash on signal handling
- Fix checkpatch warnings
Changes from RFC v4
(https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20200303121406.20954-1-sjpark@xxxxxxxxxx/)
- Handle CONFIG_ADVISE_SYSCALL
- Clean up code (Jonathan Cameron)
- Update test results
- Rebase on v5.6 + DAMON v7
Changes from RFC v3
(https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20200225102300.23895-1-sjpark@xxxxxxxxxx/)
- Add Reviewed-by from Brendan Higgins
- Code cleanup: Modularize madvise() call
- Fix a trivial bug in the wrapper python script
- Add more stable and detailed evaluation results with updated ETHP scheme
Changes from RFC v2
(https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20200218085309.18346-1-sjpark@xxxxxxxxxx/)
- Fix aging mechanism for more better 'old region' selection
- Add more kunittests and kselftests for this patchset
- Support more human friedly description and application of 'schemes'
Changes from RFC v1
(https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20200210150921.32482-1-sjpark@xxxxxxxxxx/)
- Properly adjust age accounting related properties after splitting, merging,
and action applying
SeongJae Park (8):
mm/madvise: Export do_madvise() to external GPL modules
mm/damon: Account age of target regions
mm/damon: Implement data access monitoring-based operation schemes
mm/damon/schemes: Implement a debugfs interface
mm/damon-test: Add kunit test case for regions age accounting
mm/damon/selftests: Add 'schemes' debugfs tests
damon/tools: Support more human friendly 'schemes' control
Documentation/admin-guide/mm: Document DAMON-based operation schemes
.../admin-guide/mm/data_access_monitor.rst | 100 +++-
include/linux/damon.h | 29 ++
mm/damon-test.h | 5 +
mm/damon.c | 429 +++++++++++++++++-
mm/madvise.c | 1 +
tools/damon/_convert_damos.py | 127 ++++++
tools/damon/_damon.py | 143 ++++++
tools/damon/damo | 7 +
tools/damon/record.py | 135 +-----
tools/damon/schemes.py | 105 +++++
.../testing/selftests/damon/debugfs_attrs.sh | 29 ++
11 files changed, 979 insertions(+), 131 deletions(-)
create mode 100755 tools/damon/_convert_damos.py
create mode 100644 tools/damon/_damon.py
create mode 100644 tools/damon/schemes.py
--
2.17.1
==================================== >8 =======================================
Appendix: Stdev / min / max numbers among the repeated runs
===========================================================
Below are stdev/min/max of each number in the 5 repeated runs.
runtime_avg orig rec thp ethp prcl
parsec3/blackscholes 107.065 107.478 106.682 107.365 111.811
parsec3/bodytrack 79.256 79.450 78.645 79.314 80.305
parsec3/canneal 139.497 141.181 121.526 130.074 154.644
parsec3/dedup 11.879 11.873 11.693 11.948 12.694
parsec3/facesim 207.814 208.467 203.743 206.759 214.603
parsec3/ferret 190.124 190.955 189.575 190.852 191.548
parsec3/fluidanimate 211.046 212.282 208.832 212.143 218.774
parsec3/freqmine 289.259 290.096 288.510 290.177 296.269
parsec3/raytrace 118.522 119.701 119.469 118.964 130.584
parsec3/streamcluster 323.619 327.830 283.374 287.837 330.216
parsec3/swaptions 154.007 155.714 154.767 154.955 155.256
parsec3/vips 58.822 58.750 58.564 58.807 60.320
parsec3/x264 67.335 72.516 64.680 70.096 72.465
splash2x/barnes 80.335 80.979 73.758 78.874 99.226
splash2x/fft 33.441 33.312 22.909 31.561 41.496
splash2x/lu_cb 85.691 85.706 84.352 85.943 88.914
splash2x/lu_ncb 92.338 92.749 89.773 92.888 94.104
splash2x/ocean_cp 44.542 44.795 42.958 44.061 49.091
splash2x/ocean_ncp 82.101 82.006 51.418 64.496 105.998
splash2x/radiosity 91.296 91.353 90.668 91.379 103.265
splash2x/radix 31.243 31.417 25.176 30.297 38.474
splash2x/raytrace 84.405 84.863 83.498 83.637 85.166
splash2x/volrend 87.516 88.156 86.311 87.016 88.318
splash2x/water_nsquared 233.515 233.826 221.169 224.430 236.929
splash2x/water_spatial 89.207 89.448 89.396 89.826 97.700
memused.avg_avg orig rec thp ethp prcl
parsec3/blackscholes 1819997.200 1832626.000 1821707.000 1830010.400 1651016.200
parsec3/bodytrack 1416437.600 1430462.200 1420736.400 1428355.600 1430327.000
parsec3/canneal 1040414.400 1050736.800 1041515.600 1048562.200 1049049.400
parsec3/dedup 2414431.800 2454260.400 2423175.400 2396560.200 2379898.200
parsec3/facesim 540432.200 551410.200 545978.200 558558.400 483755.400
parsec3/ferret 318728.600 333971.800 322158.200 332889.200 327896.400
parsec3/fluidanimate 576917.800 585126.600 575123.200 585429.200 484810.600
parsec3/freqmine 987882.200 997030.600 990429.200 998484.000 770740.200
parsec3/raytrace 1747059.800 1752904.000 1738853.600 1753948.600 1578118.000
parsec3/streamcluster 121857.600 133934.400 121777.800 133145.800 131512.800
parsec3/swaptions 14123.000 29254.400 14017.200 26470.600 28429.800
parsec3/vips 2957631.800 2972884.400 2938855.400 2960746.000 2946850.800
parsec3/x264 3184777.200 3214527.400 3177061.000 3192446.600 3185851.800
splash2x/barnes 1209737.200 1214763.200 1242138.400 1215857.600 994280.800
splash2x/fft 9362799.400 9178844.600 9264052.600 9164996.600 9452048.200
splash2x/lu_cb 515716.000 524071.600 521226.200 524261.400 372910.200
splash2x/lu_ncb 512898.200 523057.600 520630.800 523779.000 446282.400
splash2x/ocean_cp 3346038.000 3288703.600 3386906.600 3330937.200 3266442.400
splash2x/ocean_ncp 3886945.600 3871894.000 7066192.000 5065229.800 3652078.200
splash2x/radiosity 1467107.200 1468850.800 1481292.600 1470335.800 530923.400
splash2x/radix 1708330.800 1699792.200 1352708.600 1601339.200 2043947.800
splash2x/raytrace 44817.200 59047.800 52010.200 60407.200 53916.400
splash2x/volrend 151534.200 167791.400 151759.000 165012.400 160864.600
splash2x/water_nsquared 46549.400 61846.800 51741.200 59214.400 91869.400
splash2x/water_spatial 669085.200 675929.200 665924.600 676218.200 538430.200
rss.avg_avg orig rec thp ethp prcl
parsec3/blackscholes 591452.000 591466.400 593145.200 590609.400 324379.000
parsec3/bodytrack 32458.600 32352.200 32218.400 32376.400 27186.000
parsec3/canneal 841311.600 839888.400 837008.400 837811.000 823276.200
parsec3/dedup 1219096.600 1228038.800 1235610.800 1214267.000 992031.000
parsec3/facesim 311322.200 311574.400 316277.000 312593.800 188789.400
parsec3/ferret 99536.600 99556.800 102366.000 99799.000 88392.000
parsec3/fluidanimate 531893.600 531856.000 532143.400 532190.200 421798.800
parsec3/freqmine 553533.200 552730.400 555642.600 553895.400 78335.000
parsec3/raytrace 894094.200 894849.000 889964.000 892865.000 332911.800
parsec3/streamcluster 110938.000 110968.200 111673.400 111312.200 109911.200
parsec3/swaptions 5630.000 5634.800 5656.600 5692.000 4028.400
parsec3/vips 32107.000 32045.200 32207.800 32293.800 29093.600
parsec3/x264 81926.000 82143.000 83258.400 82570.600 80651.800
splash2x/barnes 1215468.800 1217889.800 1222006.800 1217425.600 752405.200
splash2x/fft 9584734.800 9568872.800 9660321.400 9646012.000 8367492.800
splash2x/lu_cb 510555.400 510807.400 514448.600 509281.800 349272.200
splash2x/lu_ncb 510310.000 508915.600 513886.000 510288.400 431521.800
splash2x/ocean_cp 3408724.400 3408424.600 3446054.400 3419536.200 3173818.600
splash2x/ocean_ncp 3923539.600 3922605.400 7175526.600 5152558.800 3475756.000
splash2x/radiosity 1476050.000 1475470.400 1485747.000 1476232.600 269512.200
splash2x/radix 1756385.400 1752676.000 1431621.600 1711460.800 1923448.200
splash2x/raytrace 23286.400 23311.200 28440.800 26977.200 15685.200
splash2x/volrend 44089.400 44125.600 44436.600 44250.400 27616.800
splash2x/water_nsquared 29437.600 29403.200 29817.400 30040.000 25369.600
splash2x/water_spatial 656264.400 656566.400 656016.400 656420.200 474480.400
runtime_stdev orig rec thp ethp prcl
parsec3/blackscholes 1.002 0.968 1.072 0.699 1.353
parsec3/bodytrack 0.772 0.691 0.546 0.544 0.999
parsec3/canneal 5.381 3.346 1.187 1.693 6.379
parsec3/dedup 0.098 0.063 0.047 0.119 0.835
parsec3/facesim 0.842 0.407 0.699 0.825 0.745
parsec3/ferret 0.343 0.809 0.214 1.009 0.453
parsec3/fluidanimate 0.732 0.864 1.506 1.420 1.539
parsec3/freqmine 3.491 2.325 2.746 1.057 2.781
parsec3/raytrace 0.946 0.919 1.315 0.746 0.812
parsec3/streamcluster 1.294 2.267 2.133 0.837 2.858
parsec3/swaptions 0.918 1.154 1.433 0.789 0.983
parsec3/vips 0.157 0.130 0.150 0.313 0.663
parsec3/x264 5.485 3.596 3.120 3.251 4.454
splash2x/barnes 0.401 0.827 0.213 0.734 5.511
splash2x/fft 0.245 0.372 0.067 2.244 4.638
splash2x/lu_cb 1.439 0.306 0.082 0.928 1.463
splash2x/lu_ncb 0.339 0.165 0.208 0.266 1.054
splash2x/ocean_cp 0.175 0.308 0.290 0.379 6.556
splash2x/ocean_ncp 1.485 0.939 0.477 14.037 15.558
splash2x/radiosity 0.666 0.448 0.444 0.466 1.553
splash2x/radix 0.301 0.402 0.137 1.554 6.122
splash2x/raytrace 1.053 0.853 0.786 0.535 0.275
splash2x/volrend 0.911 0.309 0.783 0.828 1.168
splash2x/water_nsquared 2.791 1.930 2.511 4.602 2.299
splash2x/water_spatial 0.795 0.696 0.794 0.548 1.663
memused.avg_stdev orig rec thp ethp prcl
parsec3/blackscholes 5734.731 4311.105 7196.073 6250.088 38591.335
parsec3/bodytrack 5604.283 8053.736 5653.392 7457.510 6963.186
parsec3/canneal 4234.325 4698.502 1277.093 3276.701 5093.649
parsec3/dedup 57376.221 12160.066 7145.142 60455.246 83253.830
parsec3/facesim 1512.291 2418.956 3818.778 11707.979 5285.020
parsec3/ferret 2636.174 1932.627 2836.998 2171.699 3600.209
parsec3/fluidanimate 1598.216 3489.956 1799.876 2744.956 16040.475
parsec3/freqmine 4737.378 2585.209 1516.651 833.023 2835.236
parsec3/raytrace 6029.193 5301.939 3917.335 2996.082 9466.302
parsec3/streamcluster 5896.735 2787.781 1670.123 1757.718 3018.166
parsec3/swaptions 2643.941 269.967 1914.219 2180.731 544.245
parsec3/vips 1783.138 5078.111 24973.322 31076.452 38391.263
parsec3/x264 15667.795 15632.156 11233.959 25678.288 36209.397
splash2x/barnes 6571.840 8658.759 42823.767 7075.071 68590.867
splash2x/fft 85635.738 47518.810 17455.819 49252.727 363372.295
splash2x/lu_cb 1421.258 1647.129 2372.638 2105.939 17907.733
splash2x/lu_ncb 3998.792 1236.203 1718.105 3234.752 19646.973
splash2x/ocean_cp 4887.504 2266.515 2997.870 40046.934 25117.676
splash2x/ocean_ncp 25633.509 3240.085 8002.012 980010.789 122762.809
splash2x/radiosity 6798.900 2183.071 2027.795 2417.779 30261.866
splash2x/radix 39814.934 34503.616 57493.970 87549.945 235275.193
splash2x/raytrace 2875.630 1353.957 1065.653 1918.838 1356.082
splash2x/volrend 1222.512 3380.618 2242.415 1507.868 2955.215
splash2x/water_nsquared 3198.770 3823.809 16179.890 3511.015 62231.581
splash2x/water_spatial 714.574 2989.515 4637.876 2556.774 26980.198
rss.avg_stdev orig rec thp ethp prcl
parsec3/blackscholes 2539.004 2464.031 2156.462 2413.093 53977.533
parsec3/bodytrack 94.396 226.072 121.582 149.827 1071.906
parsec3/canneal 1140.831 1332.975 1659.666 1579.872 7374.389
parsec3/dedup 20103.782 14597.251 9030.847 20039.333 314199.052
parsec3/facesim 363.581 494.161 906.467 473.521 6371.760
parsec3/ferret 199.416 138.839 697.471 78.519 1163.491
parsec3/fluidanimate 33.903 47.666 394.817 368.483 16330.277
parsec3/freqmine 410.158 981.816 637.904 1114.078 8881.688
parsec3/raytrace 1724.461 1463.681 746.438 1706.933 15221.381
parsec3/streamcluster 24.698 37.080 688.713 521.613 73.251
parsec3/swaptions 32.521 65.965 48.861 23.195 74.535
parsec3/vips 186.227 113.344 147.699 426.642 497.310
parsec3/x264 230.339 84.763 739.852 189.659 1015.909
splash2x/barnes 2068.964 1788.076 2402.419 1463.312 114524.086
splash2x/fft 175328.325 179979.020 17840.083 148550.842 818559.897
splash2x/lu_cb 256.770 397.374 23.500 2601.638 20636.424
splash2x/lu_ncb 210.223 2042.361 42.133 238.893 19596.759
splash2x/ocean_cp 4103.035 2449.065 1812.305 12470.919 299893.309
splash2x/ocean_ncp 22401.137 18053.550 5341.733 1003372.423 366901.046
splash2x/radiosity 1221.591 1271.056 349.319 710.017 40872.559
splash2x/radix 37002.584 26159.493 7497.310 81687.572 133361.762
splash2x/raytrace 30.943 36.783 456.262 545.508 1046.860
splash2x/volrend 114.991 68.611 208.251 249.526 4425.980
splash2x/water_nsquared 34.926 27.294 463.759 413.561 534.799
splash2x/water_spatial 602.384 1035.828 544.494 861.522 25796.221
runtime_min orig rec thp ethp prcl
parsec3/blackscholes 106.122 106.677 105.919 106.619 110.383
parsec3/bodytrack 78.583 78.662 77.963 78.873 79.467
parsec3/canneal 128.976 134.898 120.434 127.203 143.840
parsec3/dedup 11.752 11.767 11.627 11.827 11.899
parsec3/facesim 206.796 207.966 202.737 205.231 213.218
parsec3/ferret 189.745 190.214 189.266 189.905 190.969
parsec3/fluidanimate 210.378 211.312 207.586 210.468 216.577
parsec3/freqmine 286.317 288.065 286.234 289.249 293.411
parsec3/raytrace 117.755 118.384 118.072 118.358 129.605
parsec3/streamcluster 321.690 325.011 279.751 286.955 326.447
parsec3/swaptions 153.185 154.154 153.310 153.993 154.328
parsec3/vips 58.688 58.537 58.430 58.451 59.520
parsec3/x264 62.342 65.581 62.383 64.317 66.676
splash2x/barnes 79.756 80.335 73.387 78.191 93.555
splash2x/fft 33.066 32.855 22.804 28.031 33.648
splash2x/lu_cb 84.857 85.454 84.211 85.408 86.695
splash2x/lu_ncb 91.931 92.534 89.463 92.670 93.163
splash2x/ocean_cp 44.342 44.283 42.531 43.634 44.678
splash2x/ocean_ncp 79.808 80.530 50.690 52.658 82.238
splash2x/radiosity 90.522 91.085 90.146 91.076 101.043
splash2x/radix 30.793 30.748 25.059 27.514 31.649
splash2x/raytrace 83.115 83.872 82.632 83.073 84.777
splash2x/volrend 86.573 87.847 85.367 86.157 87.235
splash2x/water_nsquared 230.687 231.397 216.456 218.151 234.711
splash2x/water_spatial 88.231 88.761 88.657 89.263 94.696
memused.avg_min orig rec thp ethp prcl
parsec3/blackscholes 1811544.000 1826536.000 1808494.000 1821773.000 1614734.000
parsec3/bodytrack 1408397.000 1417771.000 1409682.000 1418166.000 1421597.000
parsec3/canneal 1033746.000 1044350.000 1039137.000 1042459.000 1039997.000
parsec3/dedup 2301102.000 2439442.000 2415716.000 2312844.000 2271479.000
parsec3/facesim 538342.000 548319.000 538855.000 548533.000 476439.000
parsec3/ferret 314307.000 330592.000 318816.000 328550.000 322669.000
parsec3/fluidanimate 575266.000 580145.000 572053.000 580210.000 471031.000
parsec3/freqmine 983385.000 992568.000 989103.000 996967.000 765382.000
parsec3/raytrace 1739135.000 1746208.000 1732673.000 1750043.000 1562113.000
parsec3/streamcluster 117830.000 129708.000 119065.000 130544.000 127311.000
parsec3/swaptions 9019.000 28779.000 10747.000 22525.000 27794.000
parsec3/vips 2955461.000 2966185.000 2889282.000 2899751.000 2899574.000
parsec3/x264 3167265.000 3184099.000 3165670.000 3147043.000 3127201.000
splash2x/barnes 1197072.000 1202375.000 1216718.000 1208018.000 927735.000
splash2x/fft 9252959.000 9127817.000 9241331.000 9070892.000 9171009.000
splash2x/lu_cb 513078.000 521249.000 516804.000 522107.000 352197.000
splash2x/lu_ncb 507538.000 520640.000 518193.000 520217.000 414060.000
splash2x/ocean_cp 3338417.000 3285969.000 3381462.000 3284112.000 3220039.000
splash2x/ocean_ncp 3850694.000 3866285.000 7054914.000 3863994.000 3533390.000
splash2x/radiosity 1458533.000 1466378.000 1478591.000 1466341.000 500186.000
splash2x/radix 1632067.000 1660555.000 1237961.000 1433203.000 1742575.000
splash2x/raytrace 41129.000 57383.000 50345.000 56853.000 51558.000
splash2x/volrend 149557.000 161324.000 149036.000 162226.000 156885.000
splash2x/water_nsquared 42148.000 54926.000 37080.000 53261.000 59453.000
splash2x/water_spatial 667829.000 672042.000 657036.000 674431.000 499066.000
rss.avg_min orig rec thp ethp prcl
parsec3/blackscholes 588296.000 588492.000 590821.000 588424.000 275254.000
parsec3/bodytrack 32314.000 31950.000 32051.000 32229.000 25606.000
parsec3/canneal 839821.000 837971.000 835293.000 835454.000 814989.000
parsec3/dedup 1190628.000 1198910.000 1217746.000 1191978.000 387128.000
parsec3/facesim 311025.000 311017.000 315101.000 312000.000 178780.000
parsec3/ferret 99241.000 99307.000 101493.000 99715.000 87322.000
parsec3/fluidanimate 531852.000 531808.000 531716.000 531812.000 407062.000
parsec3/freqmine 553154.000 551378.000 554723.000 552409.000 60624.000
parsec3/raytrace 891883.000 892921.000 889021.000 890269.000 320336.000
parsec3/streamcluster 110908.000 110901.000 110959.000 110905.000 109822.000
parsec3/swaptions 5595.000 5569.000 5598.000 5669.000 3932.000
parsec3/vips 31813.000 31872.000 31999.000 31862.000 28309.000
parsec3/x264 81595.000 81995.000 82492.000 82257.000 79007.000
splash2x/barnes 1213152.000 1215177.000 1219337.000 1215911.000 633247.000
splash2x/fft 9352024.000 9344708.000 9635110.000 9350033.000 7315602.000
splash2x/lu_cb 510081.000 510173.000 514423.000 504167.000 328613.000
splash2x/lu_ncb 510113.000 504887.000 513811.000 509917.000 400025.000
splash2x/ocean_cp 3403622.000 3406128.000 3444901.000 3402319.000 2645269.000
splash2x/ocean_ncp 3879080.000 3886923.000 7166490.000 3922086.000 2992831.000
splash2x/radiosity 1474071.000 1473050.000 1485076.000 1475643.000 227437.000
splash2x/radix 1695640.000 1705200.000 1419128.000 1554897.000 1749998.000
splash2x/raytrace 23268.000 23256.000 28084.000 26045.000 14677.000
splash2x/volrend 44000.000 44028.000 44150.000 44027.000 22121.000
splash2x/water_nsquared 29380.000 29380.000 29284.000 29436.000 24453.000
splash2x/water_spatial 655590.000 654947.000 655388.000 655542.000 432854.000
runtime_max orig rec thp ethp prcl
parsec3/blackscholes 108.370 108.877 108.776 108.445 113.864
parsec3/bodytrack 80.276 80.366 79.630 80.126 81.659
parsec3/canneal 143.367 144.197 123.455 131.975 162.892
parsec3/dedup 12.054 11.965 11.772 12.142 14.055
parsec3/facesim 209.196 209.195 204.742 207.583 215.245
parsec3/ferret 190.661 192.285 189.877 192.743 192.066
parsec3/fluidanimate 212.472 213.463 211.522 214.281 220.408
parsec3/freqmine 295.246 293.927 292.255 292.148 300.932
parsec3/raytrace 120.358 120.792 121.136 120.404 131.839
parsec3/streamcluster 325.071 331.539 286.436 289.228 334.317
parsec3/swaptions 155.697 157.038 156.825 156.309 156.606
parsec3/vips 59.062 58.877 58.842 59.265 61.472
parsec3/x264 75.345 75.685 70.758 73.542 78.697
splash2x/barnes 80.831 82.605 74.027 79.812 106.207
splash2x/fft 33.718 33.881 23.008 33.554 47.834
splash2x/lu_cb 88.563 86.292 84.463 87.789 91.005
splash2x/lu_ncb 92.726 92.950 90.083 93.311 96.009
splash2x/ocean_cp 44.868 45.243 43.415 44.749 61.729
splash2x/ocean_ncp 84.442 83.289 51.998 82.229 124.633
splash2x/radiosity 92.378 92.244 91.275 92.292 105.059
splash2x/radix 31.681 31.874 25.371 32.192 45.455
splash2x/raytrace 85.864 85.906 84.819 84.530 85.539
splash2x/volrend 88.814 88.744 87.670 88.399 90.504
splash2x/water_nsquared 237.596 237.199 223.741 231.241 241.168
splash2x/water_spatial 90.466 90.773 90.521 90.550 99.268
memused.avg_max orig rec thp ethp prcl
parsec3/blackscholes 1827340.000 1836897.000 1828187.000 1837378.000 1707479.000
parsec3/bodytrack 1421976.000 1437658.000 1424985.000 1437609.000 1436792.000
parsec3/canneal 1046601.000 1056260.000 1042789.000 1051592.000 1055545.000
parsec3/dedup 2456740.000 2467145.000 2435467.000 2467154.000 2466283.000
parsec3/facesim 542381.000 554228.000 550226.000 581529.000 492295.000
parsec3/ferret 321498.000 336341.000 325716.000 334070.000 331389.000
parsec3/fluidanimate 579520.000 588703.000 577242.000 588291.000 516079.000
parsec3/freqmine 996987.000 999207.000 992443.000 999281.000 773858.000
parsec3/raytrace 1754751.000 1760398.000 1743557.000 1756996.000 1586220.000
parsec3/streamcluster 133449.000 137064.000 124066.000 134933.000 134636.000
parsec3/swaptions 16397.000 29621.000 15944.000 28895.000 29207.000
parsec3/vips 2960001.000 2981427.000 2955163.000 2986429.000 2983387.000
parsec3/x264 3205259.000 3228002.000 3197838.000 3219088.000 3223033.000
splash2x/barnes 1214951.000 1228755.000 1327664.000 1228861.000 1114904.000
splash2x/fft 9480354.000 9264341.000 9282594.000 9213597.000 10164992.000
splash2x/lu_cb 517263.000 526113.000 523255.000 528095.000 402158.000
splash2x/lu_ncb 517764.000 524148.000 522610.000 528755.000 471551.000
splash2x/ocean_cp 3352774.000 3292570.000 3389379.000 3391900.000 3287861.000
splash2x/ocean_ncp 3908896.000 3875773.000 7077948.000 5935372.000 3867246.000
splash2x/radiosity 1475164.000 1472553.000 1484177.000 1473081.000 581921.000
splash2x/radix 1747493.000 1755210.000 1386306.000 1670956.000 2257898.000
splash2x/raytrace 47791.000 60947.000 53194.000 62454.000 55115.000
splash2x/volrend 153317.000 170996.000 154377.000 166662.000 164911.000
splash2x/water_nsquared 50000.000 66673.000 82988.000 62664.000 216319.000
splash2x/water_spatial 669928.000 681200.000 669739.000 681264.000 576776.000
rss.avg_max orig rec thp ethp prcl
parsec3/blackscholes 593578.000 593873.000 596546.000 593668.000 404235.000
parsec3/bodytrack 32583.000 32617.000 32400.000 32664.000 28517.000
parsec3/canneal 842867.000 841952.000 839916.000 840304.000 835563.000
parsec3/dedup 1236591.000 1237214.000 1242257.000 1238979.000 1235900.000
parsec3/facesim 311936.000 312443.000 317898.000 313322.000 197379.000
parsec3/ferret 99760.000 99669.000 103618.000 99923.000 90262.000
parsec3/fluidanimate 531952.000 531940.000 532718.000 532706.000 453297.000
parsec3/freqmine 554327.000 553656.000 556388.000 555822.000 83652.000
parsec3/raytrace 896387.000 897364.000 891293.000 894360.000 362231.000
parsec3/streamcluster 110965.000 111003.000 112888.000 112335.000 110019.000
parsec3/swaptions 5675.000 5761.000 5721.000 5736.000 4110.000
parsec3/vips 32314.000 32166.000 32368.000 33057.000 29649.000
parsec3/x264 82128.000 82256.000 84304.000 82773.000 81839.000
splash2x/barnes 1219196.000 1219746.000 1225193.000 1219322.000 944438.000
splash2x/fft 9756750.000 9744458.000 9680119.000 9739032.000 9774117.000
splash2x/lu_cb 510829.000 511270.000 514484.000 510940.000 384608.000
splash2x/lu_ncb 510607.000 510501.000 513941.000 510667.000 455172.000
splash2x/ocean_cp 3414341.000 3412957.000 3449666.000 3434074.000 3401949.000
splash2x/ocean_ncp 3938869.000 3935467.000 7181326.000 6013719.000 3929055.000
splash2x/radiosity 1477633.000 1476719.000 1486072.000 1477598.000 343386.000
splash2x/radix 1796005.000 1783915.000 1440644.000 1776567.000 2039690.000
splash2x/raytrace 23348.000 23356.000 29332.000 27568.000 17323.000
splash2x/volrend 44314.000 44213.000 44736.000 44729.000 32296.000
splash2x/water_nsquared 29488.000 29444.000 30541.000 30583.000 26084.000
splash2x/water_spatial 657107.000 657889.000 656721.000 657519.000 510062.000