[PATCH v20 11/12] samples/landlock: Add a sandbox manager example

[MickaÃl SalaÃn]

Add a basic sandbox tool to launch a command which can only access a
whitelist of file hierarchies in a read-only or read-write way.

Signed-off-by: MickaÃl SalaÃn <mic@xxxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@xxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@xxxxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Serge E. Hallyn <serge@xxxxxxxxxx>
---

Changes since v19:
* Update with the new Landlock syscalls.
* Comply with commit 5f2fb52fac15 ("kbuild: rename hostprogs-y/always to
  hostprogs/always-y").

Changes since v16:
* Switch syscall attribute pointer and size arguments.

Changes since v15:
* Update access right names.
* Properly assign access right to files according to the new related
  syscall restriction.
* Replace "select" with "depends on" HEADERS_INSTALL (suggested by Randy
  Dunlap).

Changes since v14:
* Fix Kconfig dependency.
* Remove access rights that may be required for FD-only requests:
  mmap, truncate, getattr, lock, chmod, chown, chgrp, ioctl.
* Fix useless hardcoded syscall number.
* Use execvpe().
* Follow symlinks.
* Extend help with common file paths.
* Constify variables.
* Clean up comments.
* Improve error message.

Changes since v11:
* Add back the filesystem sandbox manager and update it to work with the
  new Landlock syscall.

Previous changes:
https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20190721213116.23476-9-mic@xxxxxxxxxxx/
---
 samples/Kconfig              |   7 +
 samples/Makefile             |   1 +
 samples/landlock/.gitignore  |   1 +
 samples/landlock/Makefile    |  15 +++
 samples/landlock/sandboxer.c | 248 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 5 files changed, 272 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 samples/landlock/.gitignore
 create mode 100644 samples/landlock/Makefile
 create mode 100644 samples/landlock/sandboxer.c

diff --git a/samples/Kconfig b/samples/Kconfig
index 0ed6e4d71d87..092962924f0d 100644
--- a/samples/Kconfig
+++ b/samples/Kconfig
@@ -124,6 +124,13 @@ config SAMPLE_HIDRAW
 	bool "hidraw sample"
 	depends on CC_CAN_LINK && HEADERS_INSTALL
 
+config SAMPLE_LANDLOCK
+	bool "Build Landlock sample code"
+	depends on HEADERS_INSTALL
+	help
+	  Build a simple Landlock sandbox manager able to launch a process
+	  restricted by a user-defined filesystem access-control security policy.
+
 config SAMPLE_PIDFD
 	bool "pidfd sample"
 	depends on CC_CAN_LINK && HEADERS_INSTALL
diff --git a/samples/Makefile b/samples/Makefile
index 754553597581..4a6ce8f64a4c 100644
--- a/samples/Makefile
+++ b/samples/Makefile
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_SAMPLE_KDB)		+= kdb/
 obj-$(CONFIG_SAMPLE_KFIFO)		+= kfifo/
 obj-$(CONFIG_SAMPLE_KOBJECT)		+= kobject/
 obj-$(CONFIG_SAMPLE_KPROBES)		+= kprobes/
+subdir-$(CONFIG_SAMPLE_LANDLOCK)	+= landlock
 obj-$(CONFIG_SAMPLE_LIVEPATCH)		+= livepatch/
 subdir-$(CONFIG_SAMPLE_PIDFD)		+= pidfd
 obj-$(CONFIG_SAMPLE_QMI_CLIENT)		+= qmi/
diff --git a/samples/landlock/.gitignore b/samples/landlock/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f43668b2d318
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/landlock/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/sandboxer
diff --git a/samples/landlock/Makefile b/samples/landlock/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..21eda5774948
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/landlock/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+
+hostprogs := sandboxer
+
+always-y := $(hostprogs)
+
+KBUILD_HOSTCFLAGS += -I$(objtree)/usr/include
+
+.PHONY: all clean
+
+all:
+	$(MAKE) -C ../.. samples/landlock/
+
+clean:
+	$(MAKE) -C ../.. M=samples/landlock/ clean
diff --git a/samples/landlock/sandboxer.c b/samples/landlock/sandboxer.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c357fac8ed6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/landlock/sandboxer.c
@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+/*
+ * Simple Landlock sandbox manager able to launch a process restricted by a
+ * user-defined filesystem access-control security policy.
+ *
+ * Copyright  2017-2020 MickaÃl SalaÃn <mic@xxxxxxxxxxx>
+ * Copyright  2020 ANSSI
+ */
+
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <linux/landlock.h>
+#include <linux/prctl.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/prctl.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#ifndef landlock_get_features
+static inline int landlock_get_features(
+		struct landlock_attr_features *const features_ptr,
+		const size_t features_size)
+{
+	errno = 0;
+	return syscall(__NR_landlock_get_features, features_ptr, features_size, 0);
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifndef landlock_create_ruleset
+static inline int landlock_create_ruleset(
+		const struct landlock_attr_ruleset *const ruleset_ptr,
+		const size_t ruleset_size)
+{
+	errno = 0;
+	return syscall(__NR_landlock_create_ruleset, ruleset_ptr, ruleset_size, 0);
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifndef landlock_add_rule
+static inline int landlock_add_rule(const int ruleset_fd,
+		const enum landlock_rule_type rule_type,
+		const void *const rule_ptr, const size_t rule_size)
+{
+	errno = 0;
+	return syscall(__NR_landlock_add_rule, ruleset_fd, rule_type, rule_ptr,
+			rule_size, 0);
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifndef landlock_enforce_ruleset
+static inline int landlock_enforce_ruleset(const int ruleset_fd)
+{
+	errno = 0;
+	return syscall(__NR_landlock_enforce_ruleset, ruleset_fd,
+			LANDLOCK_TARGET_CURRENT_THREAD, -1, 0);
+}
+#endif
+
+#define ENV_FS_RO_NAME "LL_FS_RO"
+#define ENV_FS_RW_NAME "LL_FS_RW"
+#define ENV_PATH_TOKEN ":"
+
+static int parse_path(char *env_path, const char ***const path_list)
+{
+	int i, path_nb = 0;
+
+	if (env_path) {
+		path_nb++;
+		for (i = 0; env_path[i]; i++) {
+			if (env_path[i] == ENV_PATH_TOKEN[0])
+				path_nb++;
+		}
+	}
+	*path_list = malloc(path_nb * sizeof(**path_list));
+	for (i = 0; i < path_nb; i++)
+		(*path_list)[i] = strsep(&env_path, ENV_PATH_TOKEN);
+
+	return path_nb;
+}
+
+#define ACCESS_FILE ( \
+	LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_EXECUTE | \
+	LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_WRITE_FILE | \
+	LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE)
+
+static int populate_ruleset(
+		const struct landlock_attr_features *const attr_features,
+		const char *const env_var, const int ruleset_fd,
+		const __u64 allowed_access)
+{
+	int path_nb, i;
+	char *env_path_name;
+	const char **path_list = NULL;
+	struct landlock_attr_path_beneath path_beneath = {
+		.parent_fd = -1,
+	};
+
+	env_path_name = getenv(env_var);
+	if (!env_path_name) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Missing environment variable %s\n", env_var);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	env_path_name = strdup(env_path_name);
+	unsetenv(env_var);
+	path_nb = parse_path(env_path_name, &path_list);
+	if (path_nb == 1 && path_list[0][0] == '\0') {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Missing path in %s\n", env_var);
+		goto err_free_name;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < path_nb; i++) {
+		struct stat statbuf;
+
+		path_beneath.parent_fd = open(path_list[i], O_PATH |
+				O_CLOEXEC);
+		if (path_beneath.parent_fd < 0) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Failed to open \"%s\": %s\n",
+					path_list[i],
+					strerror(errno));
+			goto err_free_name;
+		}
+		if (fstat(path_beneath.parent_fd, &statbuf)) {
+			close(path_beneath.parent_fd);
+			goto err_free_name;
+		}
+		/* Follows a best-effort approach. */
+		path_beneath.allowed_access = allowed_access &
+			attr_features->access_fs;
+		if (!S_ISDIR(statbuf.st_mode))
+			path_beneath.allowed_access &= ACCESS_FILE;
+		if (landlock_add_rule(ruleset_fd, LANDLOCK_RULE_PATH_BENEATH,
+					&path_beneath, sizeof(path_beneath))) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Failed to update the ruleset with \"%s\": %s\n",
+					path_list[i], strerror(errno));
+			close(path_beneath.parent_fd);
+			goto err_free_name;
+		}
+		close(path_beneath.parent_fd);
+	}
+	free(env_path_name);
+	return 0;
+
+err_free_name:
+	free(env_path_name);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+#define ACCESS_FS_ROUGHLY_READ ( \
+	LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_EXECUTE | \
+	LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE | \
+	LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_DIR | \
+	LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_CHROOT)
+
+#define ACCESS_FS_ROUGHLY_WRITE ( \
+	LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_WRITE_FILE | \
+	LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_REMOVE_DIR | \
+	LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_REMOVE_FILE | \
+	LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_CHAR | \
+	LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_DIR | \
+	LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_REG | \
+	LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_SOCK | \
+	LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_FIFO | \
+	LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_BLOCK | \
+	LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_SYM)
+
+int main(const int argc, char *const argv[], char *const *const envp)
+{
+	const char *cmd_path;
+	char *const *cmd_argv;
+	int ruleset_fd;
+	struct landlock_attr_features attr_features;
+	struct landlock_attr_ruleset ruleset = {
+		.handled_access_fs = ACCESS_FS_ROUGHLY_READ |
+			ACCESS_FS_ROUGHLY_WRITE,
+	};
+
+	if (argc < 2) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s=\"...\" %s=\"...\" %s <cmd> [args]...\n\n",
+				ENV_FS_RO_NAME, ENV_FS_RW_NAME, argv[0]);
+		fprintf(stderr, "Launch a command in a restricted environment.\n\n");
+		fprintf(stderr, "Environment variables containing paths, each separated by a colon:\n");
+		fprintf(stderr, "* %s: list of paths allowed to be used in a read-only way.\n",
+				ENV_FS_RO_NAME);
+		fprintf(stderr, "* %s: list of paths allowed to be used in a read-write way.\n",
+				ENV_FS_RO_NAME);
+		fprintf(stderr, "\nexample:\n"
+				"%s=\"/bin:/lib:/usr:/proc:/etc:/dev/urandom\" "
+				"%s=\"/dev/null:/dev/full:/dev/zero:/dev/pts:/tmp\" "
+				"%s bash -i\n",
+				ENV_FS_RO_NAME, ENV_FS_RW_NAME, argv[0]);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	if (landlock_get_features(&attr_features, sizeof(attr_features))) {
+		perror("Failed to probe the Landlock supported features");
+		switch (errno) {
+		case ENOSYS:
+			fprintf(stderr, "Hint: this kernel does not support Landlock.\n");
+			break;
+		case ENOPKG:
+			fprintf(stderr, "Hint: Landlock is currently disabled. It can be enabled in the kernel configuration or at boot with the \"lsm=landlock\" parameter.\n");
+			break;
+		}
+		return 1;
+	}
+	/* Follows a best-effort approach. */
+	ruleset.handled_access_fs &= attr_features.access_fs;
+	ruleset_fd = landlock_create_ruleset(&ruleset, sizeof(ruleset));
+	if (ruleset_fd < 0) {
+		perror("Failed to create a ruleset");
+		return 1;
+	}
+	if (populate_ruleset(&attr_features, ENV_FS_RO_NAME, ruleset_fd,
+				ACCESS_FS_ROUGHLY_READ)) {
+		goto err_close_ruleset;
+	}
+	if (populate_ruleset(&attr_features, ENV_FS_RW_NAME, ruleset_fd,
+				ACCESS_FS_ROUGHLY_READ |
+				ACCESS_FS_ROUGHLY_WRITE)) {
+		goto err_close_ruleset;
+	}
+	if (prctl(PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, 1, 0, 0, 0)) {
+		perror("Failed to restrict privileges");
+		goto err_close_ruleset;
+	}
+	if (landlock_enforce_ruleset(ruleset_fd)) {
+		perror("Failed to enforce ruleset");
+		goto err_close_ruleset;
+	}
+	close(ruleset_fd);
+
+	cmd_path = argv[1];
+	cmd_argv = argv + 1;
+	execvpe(cmd_path, cmd_argv, envp);
+	fprintf(stderr, "Failed to execute \"%s\": %s\n", cmd_path,
+			strerror(errno));
+	fprintf(stderr, "Hint: access to the binary, the interpreter or shared libraries may be denied.\n");
+	return 1;
+
+err_close_ruleset:
+	close(ruleset_fd);
+	return 1;
+}
-- 
2.28.0.rc2