Re: [PATCH 4/5] RISC-V: Protect .init.text & .init.data

From: Atish Patra
Date: Wed Oct 14 2020 - 05:25:11 EST

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On Mon, Oct 12, 2020 at 8:08 PM Greentime Hu <greentime.hu@xxxxxxxxxx> wrote:
>
> Atish Patra <atishp@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx> 於 2020年10月13日週二上午9:28寫道：
> >
> > On Mon, Oct 12, 2020 at 4:26 PM Atish Patra <atishp@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx> wrote:
> > >
> > > On Mon, Oct 12, 2020 at 6:15 AM Greentime Hu <greentime.hu@xxxxxxxxxx> wrote:
> > > >
> > > > Atish Patra <atish.patra@xxxxxxx> 於 2020年10月10日週六上午5:13寫道：
> > > > >
> > > > > Currently, .init.text & .init.data are intermixed which makes it impossible
> > > > > apply different permissions to them. .init.data shouldn't need exec
> > > > > permissions while .init.text shouldn't have write permission.
> > > > >
> > > > > Keep them in separate sections so that different permissions are applied to
> > > > > each section. This improves the kernel protection under
> > > > > CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX. We also need to restore the permissions for the
> > > > > entire _init section after it is freed so that those pages can be used for
> > > > > other purpose.
> > > > >
> > > > > Signed-off-by: Atish Patra <atish.patra@xxxxxxx>
> > > > > ---
> > > > > arch/riscv/include/asm/sections.h | 2 ++
> > > > > arch/riscv/include/asm/set_memory.h | 2 ++
> > > > > arch/riscv/kernel/setup.c | 4 ++++
> > > > > arch/riscv/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S | 10 +++++++++-
> > > > > arch/riscv/mm/init.c | 6 ++++++
> > > > > arch/riscv/mm/pageattr.c | 6 ++++++
> > > > > 6 files changed, 29 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
> > > > >
> > > > > diff --git a/arch/riscv/include/asm/sections.h b/arch/riscv/include/asm/sections.h
> > > > > index d60802bfafbc..730d2c4a844d 100644
> > > > > --- a/arch/riscv/include/asm/sections.h
> > > > > +++ b/arch/riscv/include/asm/sections.h
> > > > > @@ -10,6 +10,8 @@
> > > > > #include <asm-generic/sections.h>
> > > > > extern char _start[];
> > > > > extern char _start_kernel[];
> > > > > +extern char __init_data_begin[], __init_data_end[];
> > > > > +extern char __init_text_begin[], __init_text_end[];
> > > > >
> > > > > extern bool init_mem_is_free;
> > > > >
> > > > > diff --git a/arch/riscv/include/asm/set_memory.h b/arch/riscv/include/asm/set_memory.h
> > > > > index 4cc3a4e2afd3..913429c9c1ae 100644
> > > > > --- a/arch/riscv/include/asm/set_memory.h
> > > > > +++ b/arch/riscv/include/asm/set_memory.h
> > > > > @@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ int set_memory_ro(unsigned long addr, int numpages);
> > > > > int set_memory_rw(unsigned long addr, int numpages);
> > > > > int set_memory_x(unsigned long addr, int numpages);
> > > > > int set_memory_nx(unsigned long addr, int numpages);
> > > > > +int set_memory_default(unsigned long addr, int numpages);
> > > > > void protect_kernel_text_data(void);
> > > > > #else
> > > > > static inline int set_memory_ro(unsigned long addr, int numpages) { return 0; }
> > > > > @@ -22,6 +23,7 @@ static inline int set_memory_rw(unsigned long addr, int numpages) { return 0; }
> > > > > static inline int set_memory_x(unsigned long addr, int numpages) { return 0; }
> > > > > static inline int set_memory_nx(unsigned long addr, int numpages) { return 0; }
> > > > > static inline void protect_kernel_text_data(void) {};
> > > > > +static inline int set_memory_default(unsigned long addr, int numpages) { return 0; }
> > > > > #endif
> > > > >
> > > > > int set_direct_map_invalid_noflush(struct page *page);
> > > > > diff --git a/arch/riscv/kernel/setup.c b/arch/riscv/kernel/setup.c
> > > > > index 4176a2affd1d..b8a35ef0eab0 100644
> > > > > --- a/arch/riscv/kernel/setup.c
> > > > > +++ b/arch/riscv/kernel/setup.c
> > > > > @@ -129,6 +129,10 @@ bool init_mem_is_free = false;
> > > > >
> > > > > void free_initmem(void)
> > > > > {
> > > > > + unsigned long init_begin = (unsigned long)__init_begin;
> > > > > + unsigned long init_end = (unsigned long)__init_end;
> > > > > +
> > > > > + set_memory_default(init_begin, (init_end - init_begin) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
> > > > > free_initmem_default(POISON_FREE_INITMEM);
> > > > > init_mem_is_free = true;
> > > > > }
> > > > > diff --git a/arch/riscv/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S b/arch/riscv/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
> > > > > index 0807633f0dc8..15b9882588ae 100644
> > > > > --- a/arch/riscv/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
> > > > > +++ b/arch/riscv/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
> > > > > @@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ SECTIONS
> > > > > . = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE);
> > > > >
> > > > > __init_begin = .;
> > > > > + __init_text_begin = .;
> > > > > INIT_TEXT_SECTION(PAGE_SIZE)
> > > > > - INIT_DATA_SECTION(16)
> > > > > . = ALIGN(8);
> > > > > __soc_early_init_table : {
> > > > > __soc_early_init_table_start = .;
> > > > > @@ -48,11 +48,19 @@ SECTIONS
> > > > > {
> > > > > EXIT_TEXT
> > > > > }
> > > > > +
> > > > > + __init_text_end = .;
> > > > > + . = ALIGN(SECTION_ALIGN);
> > > > > + /* Start of init data section */
> > > > > + __init_data_begin = .;
> > > > > + INIT_DATA_SECTION(16)
> > > > > .exit.data :
> > > > > {
> > > > > EXIT_DATA
> > > > > }
> > > > > PERCPU_SECTION(L1_CACHE_BYTES)
> > > > > +
> > > > > + __init_data_end = .;
> > > > > __init_end = .;
> > > > >
> > > > > . = ALIGN(SECTION_ALIGN);
> > > > > diff --git a/arch/riscv/mm/init.c b/arch/riscv/mm/init.c
> > > > > index 7859a1d1b34d..3ef0eafcc7c7 100644
> > > > > --- a/arch/riscv/mm/init.c
> > > > > +++ b/arch/riscv/mm/init.c
> > > > > @@ -627,11 +627,17 @@ void protect_kernel_text_data(void)
> > > > > {
> > > > > unsigned long text_start = (unsigned long)_text;
> > > > > unsigned long text_end = (unsigned long)_etext;
> > > > > + unsigned long init_text_start = (unsigned long)__init_text_begin;
> > > > > + unsigned long init_text_end = (unsigned long)__init_text_end;
> > > > > + unsigned long init_data_start = (unsigned long)__init_data_begin;
> > > > > + unsigned long init_data_end = (unsigned long)__init_data_end;
> > > > > unsigned long rodata_start = (unsigned long)__start_rodata;
> > > > > unsigned long data_start = (unsigned long)_data;
> > > > > unsigned long max_low = (unsigned long)(__va(PFN_PHYS(max_low_pfn)));
> > > > >
> > > > > + set_memory_ro(init_text_start, (init_text_end - init_text_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
> > > > > set_memory_ro(text_start, (text_end - text_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
> > > > > + set_memory_nx(init_data_start, (init_data_end - init_data_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
> > > > > set_memory_nx(rodata_start, (data_start - rodata_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
> > > > > set_memory_nx(data_start, (max_low - data_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
> > > > > }
> > > > > diff --git a/arch/riscv/mm/pageattr.c b/arch/riscv/mm/pageattr.c
> > > > > index 19fecb362d81..aecedaf086ab 100644
> > > > > --- a/arch/riscv/mm/pageattr.c
> > > > > +++ b/arch/riscv/mm/pageattr.c
> > > > > @@ -128,6 +128,12 @@ static int __set_memory(unsigned long addr, int numpages, pgprot_t set_mask,
> > > > > return ret;
> > > > > }
> > > > >
> > > > > +int set_memory_default(unsigned long addr, int numpages)
> > > > > +{
> > > > > + return __set_memory(addr, numpages, __pgprot(_PAGE_KERNEL | _PAGE_EXEC),
> > > > > + __pgprot(0));
> > > > > +}
> > > > > +
> > > > > int set_memory_ro(unsigned long addr, int numpages)
> > > > > {
> > > > > return __set_memory(addr, numpages, __pgprot(_PAGE_READ),
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > Hi Atish,
> > > >
> > > > I tested this patchset and CONFIG_DEBUG_WX=y
> > > >
> > >
> > > Thanks for testing the patch.
> > >
> > > > [ 2.664012] Freeing unused kernel memory: 114420K
> > > > [ 2.666081] ------------[ cut here ]------------
> > > > [ 2.666779] riscv/mm: Found insecure W+X mapping at address
> > > > (____ptrval____)/0xffffffe000000000
> > > > [ 2.668004] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 1 at arch/riscv/mm/ptdump.c:200
> > > > note_page+0xc2/0x238
> > > > [ 2.669147] Modules linked in:
> > > > [ 2.669735] CPU: 0 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted
> > > > 5.9.0-rc8-00033-gfacf070a80ea #153
> > > > [ 2.670466] epc: ffffffe00700697c ra : ffffffe00700697c sp : ffffffe0fba9bc10
> > > > [ 2.671054] gp : ffffffe007e73078 tp : ffffffe0fba90000 t0 :
> > > > ffffffe007e861d0
> > > > [ 2.671683] t1 : 0000000000000064 t2 : ffffffe007801664 s0 :
> > > > ffffffe0fba9bc60
> > > > [ 2.672499] s1 : ffffffe0fba9bde8 a0 : 0000000000000053 a1 :
> > > > 0000000000000020
> > > > [ 2.673119] a2 : 0000000000000000 a3 : 00000000000000f4 a4 :
> > > > d4328dc070ccb100
> > > > [ 2.673729] a5 : d4328dc070ccb100 a6 : 0000000000000000 a7 :
> > > > ffffffe007851e98
> > > > [ 2.674333] s2 : ffffffe007000000 s3 : ffffffe0fba9bde8 s4 :
> > > > 0000000087200000
> > > > [ 2.674963] s5 : 00000000000000cb s6 : 0000000000000003 s7 :
> > > > ffffffe007e7ac00
> > > > [ 2.675564] s8 : ffffffe000000000 s9 : ffffffe007000000 s10:
> > > > ffffffe000000000
> > > > [ 2.676392] s11: ffffffe040000000 t3 : 000000000001da48 t4 :
> > > > 000000000001da48
> > > > [ 2.676992] t5 : ffffffe007e74490 t6 : ffffffe007e81432
> > > > [ 2.677449] status: 0000000000000120 badaddr: 0000000000000000
> > > > cause: 0000000000000003
> > > > [ 2.678128] ---[ end trace 5f0a86dbe986db9b ]---
> > > > [ 2.678952] Checked W+X mappings: failed, 28672 W+X pages found
> > > > [ 2.679737] Run /init as init process
> > > >
> > >
> > > This would be triggered for the current kernel as well as we don't
> > > protect the permission for __init section at all. As you correctly
> > > pointed out, __init & .head sections are mapped with same permissions
> > > because of 2MB mappings.
> > >
> > > Currently, the entire head.text & init section have RWX permission.
> > > This patch is trying remove the write permission from .init.text &
> > > .head.text and execute permission from .init.data until kernel is
> > > booted.
> > > It doesn't provide full protection but better than the current scheme.
> > >
> > > To remove the write permission of .head.txt only, we have to keep
> > > .head.txt & .init.text section in separate sections. The linear
> > > mapping would look like this in that case.
> > > There are no issues as such but kernel size would increase by another 2M.
> > >
> > > ---[ Linear mapping ]---
> > > 0xffffffe000000000-0xffffffe000200000 0x0000000080200000 2M
> > > PMD D A . . X . R V
> > > 0xffffffe000200000-0xffffffe000600000 0x0000000080400000 4M
> > > PMD D A . . . W R V
> > > 0xffffffe000600000-0xffffffe000e00000 0x0000000080800000 8M
> > > PMD D A . . X . R V
> > > 0xffffffe000e00000-0xffffffe001400000 0x0000000081000000 6M
> > > PMD D A . . . . R V
> > > 0xffffffe001400000-0xffffffe03fe00000 0x0000000081600000 1002M
> > > PMD D A . . . W R V
> > >
> > > The other solution would be move init section below text. Keep text &
> > > head in one section.
> > > The .init.text & .init.data will be in separate sections after that.
> > > Here is the mapping in that case.
> > >
> > > ---[ Linear mapping ]---
> > > 0xffffffe000000000-0xffffffe000800000 0x0000000080200000 8M
> > > PMD D A . . X . R V
> > > 0xffffffe000800000-0xffffffe000c00000 0x0000000080a00000 4M
> > > PMD D A . . . W R V
> > > 0xffffffe000c00000-0xffffffe001200000 0x0000000080e00000 6M
> > > PMD D A . . . . R V
> > > 0xffffffe001200000-0xffffffe03fe00000 0x0000000081400000 1004M
> > > PMD D A . . . W R V
> > >
> > > I prefer the 2nd approach compared to the first one as it saves memory
> > > and we can fix lockdep issue without adding arch_is_kernel_data
> > > to sections.h (Guo's patch).
> > >
> > > However, the 2nd approach throws this problem if
> > > CONFIG_HARDENED_USERCOPY is enabled.
> > >
> > > net/ipv4/ipconfig.o: in function `ic_setup_routes':
> > > /home/atish/workspace/linux/net/ipv4/ipconfig.c:400:(.init.text+0x1c4):
> > > relocation truncated to fit: R_RISCV_JAL against symbol `ip_rt_ioctl'
> > > defined in .text section in net/ipv4/fib_frontend.o
> > > make: *** [Makefile:1162: vmlinux] Error 1
> > >
> > > I am currently looking into this to understand why R_RISCV_JAL is
> > > generated a generic function invocation
> > > where auipc + jalr should have been used.
> > >
> >
> > I checked the relocation is is correct 00000000000001d0 R_RISCV_CALL
> > ip_rt_ioctl
> > The assembly from objdump also shows a pair of auipc + jalr.
> >
> > 1d0: 00000097 auipc ra,0x0
> > 1d4: 000080e7 jalr ra # 1d0 <.LBE348+0x4>
> >
> > I don't understand why the toolchain is complaining about relocation
> > error only when
> > CONFIG_HARDENED_USERCOPY is enabled.
> >
> > Are we seeing some subtle toolchain bug ?
> >
> "relocation truncated to fit" usually means that the jump address is
> too far to jump.
> Maybe trying "-mno-relax -Wl,--no-relax" to disable linker relax or
> checking if somewhere just using jal instead of call?

Yes. As I said the relocation id seems correct from the objdump.
I narrowed down the issue to a __builtin_constant_p

Here is the code path:
ip_rt_ioctl->rtentry_to_fib_config->copy_from_user->check_copy_size->check_object_size

#ifdef CONFIG_HARDENED_USERCOPY
112 extern void __check_object_size(const void *ptr, unsigned long n,
113 bool to_user);
114
115 static __always_inline void check_object_size(const void *ptr,
unsigned long n,
116 bool to_user)
117 {
118 if (!__builtin_constant_p(n))
---------------------> Commenting this line avoids the linker issue

119
__check_object_size(ptr, n, to_user);
120 }
121 #else
122 static inline void check_object_size(const void *ptr, unsigned
long n,
123 bool to_user)
124 { }
125 #endif /* CONFIG_HARDENED_USERCOPY */

This happens only when copy_from_user is called from function that is
annotated with __init.
Adding Kito & Jim for their input

@kito, @Jim: Please let me know if I should create a issue in
riscv-gnu-toolchain repo or somewhere else.

--
Regards,
Atish

Next message: Shuah Khan: "Re: [PATCH v3 00/11] Introduce Simple atomic counters"
Previous message: Kuppuswamy Sathyanarayanan: "[PATCH v5 1/2] PCI/ERR: Call pci_bus_reset() before calling ->slot_reset() callback"
In reply to: Greentime Hu: "Re: [PATCH 4/5] RISC-V: Protect .init.text & .init.data"
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