[PATCH v11 11/13] vfio: Document nested stage control

[Eric Auger]

The VFIO API was enhanced to support nested stage control: a bunch of
new iotcls, one DMA FAULT region and an associated specific IRQ.

Let's document the process to follow to set up nested mode.

Signed-off-by: Eric Auger <eric.auger@xxxxxxxxxx>

---

v11 -> v12:
s/VFIO_REGION_INFO_CAP_PRODUCER_FAULT/VFIO_REGION_INFO_CAP_DMA_FAULT

v8 -> v9:
- new names for SET_MSI_BINDING and SET_PASID_TABLE
- new layout for the DMA FAULT memory region and specific IRQ

v2 -> v3:
- document the new fault API

v1 -> v2:
- use the new ioctl names
- add doc related to fault handling
---
 Documentation/driver-api/vfio.rst | 77 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 77 insertions(+)

diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/vfio.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/vfio.rst
index f1a4d3c3ba0b..14e41324237d 100644
--- a/Documentation/driver-api/vfio.rst
+++ b/Documentation/driver-api/vfio.rst
@@ -239,6 +239,83 @@ group and can access them as follows::
 	/* Gratuitous device reset and go... */
 	ioctl(device, VFIO_DEVICE_RESET);
 
+IOMMU Dual Stage Control
+------------------------
+
+Some IOMMUs support 2 stages/levels of translation. "Stage" corresponds to
+the ARM terminology while "level" corresponds to Intel's VTD terminology. In
+the following text we use either without distinction.
+
+This is useful when the guest is exposed with a virtual IOMMU and some
+devices are assigned to the guest through VFIO. Then the guest OS can use
+stage 1 (IOVA -> GPA), while the hypervisor uses stage 2 for VM isolation
+(GPA -> HPA).
+
+The guest gets ownership of the stage 1 page tables and also owns stage 1
+configuration structures. The hypervisor owns the root configuration structure
+(for security reason), including stage 2 configuration. This works as long
+configuration structures and page table format are compatible between the
+virtual IOMMU and the physical IOMMU.
+
+Assuming the HW supports it, this nested mode is selected by choosing the
+VFIO_TYPE1_NESTING_IOMMU type through:
+
+ioctl(container, VFIO_SET_IOMMU, VFIO_TYPE1_NESTING_IOMMU);
+
+This forces the hypervisor to use the stage 2, leaving stage 1 available for
+guest usage.
+
+Once groups are attached to the container, the guest stage 1 translation
+configuration data can be passed to VFIO by using
+
+ioctl(container, VFIO_IOMMU_SET_PASID_TABLE, &pasid_table_info);
+
+This allows to combine the guest stage 1 configuration structure along with
+the hypervisor stage 2 configuration structure. Stage 1 configuration
+structures are dependent on the IOMMU type.
+
+As the stage 1 translation is fully delegated to the HW, translation faults
+encountered during the translation process need to be propagated up to
+the virtualizer and re-injected into the guest.
+
+The userspace must be prepared to receive faults. The VFIO-PCI device
+exposes one dedicated DMA FAULT region: it contains a ring buffer and
+its header that allows to manage the head/tail indices. The region is
+identified by the following index/subindex:
+- VFIO_REGION_TYPE_NESTED/VFIO_REGION_SUBTYPE_NESTED_DMA_FAULT
+
+The DMA FAULT region exposes a VFIO_REGION_INFO_CAP_DMA_FAULT
+region capability that allows the userspace to retrieve the ABI version
+of the fault records filled by the host.
+
+On top of that region, the userspace can be notified whenever a fault
+occurs at the physical level. It can use the VFIO_IRQ_TYPE_NESTED/
+VFIO_IRQ_SUBTYPE_DMA_FAULT specific IRQ to attach the eventfd to be
+signalled.
+
+The ring buffer containing the fault records can be mmapped. When
+the userspace consumes a fault in the queue, it should increment
+the consumer index to allow new fault records to replace the used ones.
+
+The queue size and the entry size can be retrieved in the header.
+The tail index should never overshoot the producer index as in any
+other circular buffer scheme. Also it must be less than the queue size
+otherwise the change fails.
+
+When the guest invalidates stage 1 related caches, invalidations must be
+forwarded to the host through
+ioctl(container, VFIO_IOMMU_CACHE_INVALIDATE, &inv_data);
+Those invalidations can happen at various granularity levels, page, context, ...
+
+The ARM SMMU specification introduces another challenge: MSIs are translated by
+both the virtual SMMU and the physical SMMU. To build a nested mapping for the
+IOVA programmed into the assigned device, the guest needs to pass its IOVA/MSI
+doorbell GPA binding to the host. Then the hypervisor can build a nested stage 2
+binding eventually translating into the physical MSI doorbell.
+
+This is achieved by calling
+ioctl(container, VFIO_IOMMU_SET_MSI_BINDING, &guest_binding);
+
 VFIO User API
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-- 
2.21.3