Re: [RFC PATCH v3 5/6] dt-bindings: of: Add restricted DMA pool

From: Robin Murphy
Date: Thu Jan 21 2021 - 12:34:08 EST

On 2021-01-21 15:48, Rob Herring wrote:
On Wed, Jan 20, 2021 at 7:10 PM Robin Murphy <robin.murphy@xxxxxxx>
wrote:

On 2021-01-20 21:31, Rob Herring wrote:
On Wed, Jan 20, 2021 at 11:30 AM Robin Murphy
<robin.murphy@xxxxxxx> wrote:

On 2021-01-20 16:53, Rob Herring wrote:
On Wed, Jan 06, 2021 at 11:41:23AM +0800, Claire Chang
wrote:
Introduce the new compatible string, restricted-dma-pool,
for restricted DMA. One can specify the address and length
of the restricted DMA memory region by restricted-dma-pool
in the device tree.

If this goes into DT, I think we should be able to use
dma-ranges for this purpose instead. Normally, 'dma-ranges'
is for physical bus restrictions, but there's no reason it
can't be used for policy or to express restrictions the
firmware has enabled.

There would still need to be some way to tell SWIOTLB to pick
up the corresponding chunk of memory and to prevent the kernel
from using it for anything else, though.

Don't we already have that problem if dma-ranges had a very
small range? We just get lucky because the restriction is
generally much more RAM than needed.

Not really - if a device has a naturally tiny addressing capability
that doesn't even cover ZONE_DMA32 where the regular SWIOTLB buffer
will be allocated then it's unlikely to work well, but that's just
crap system design. Yes, memory pressure in ZONE_DMA{32} is
particularly problematic for such limited devices, but it's
irrelevant to the issue at hand here.

Yesterday's crap system design is today's security feature. Couldn't this feature make crap system design work better?

Indeed! Say you bring out your shiny new "Strawberry Flan 4" machine
with all the latest connectivity, but tragically its PCIe can only
address 25% of the RAM. So you decide to support deploying it in two
configurations: one where it runs normally for best performance, and
another "secure" one where it dedicates that quarter of RAM as a restricted DMA pool for any PCIe devices - that way, even if that hotel projector you plug in turns out to be a rogue Thunderbolt endpoint, it can never snarf your private keys off your eMMC out of the page cache.

(Yes, is is the thinnest of strawmen, but it sets the scene for the point you raised...)

...which is that in both cases the dma-ranges will still be identical. So how is the kernel going to know whether to steal that whole area from memblock before anything else can allocate from it, or not?

I don't disagree that even in Claire's original intended case it would be semantically correct to describe the hardware-firewalled region with dma-ranges. It just turns out not to be necessary, and you're already arguing for not adding anything in DT that doesn't need to be.

What we have here is a device that's not allowed to see *kernel*
memory at all. It's been artificially constrained to a particular
region by a TZASC or similar, and the only data which should ever
be placed in that

May have been constrained, but that's entirely optional.

In the optional case where the setup is entirely up to the OS, I
don't think this belongs in the DT at all. Perhaps that should be
solved first.

Yes! Let's definitely consider that case! Say you don't have any security or physical limitations but want to use a bounce pool for some device anyway because reasons (perhaps copying streaming DMA data to a better guaranteed alignment gives an overall performance win). Now the *only* relevant thing to communicate to the kernel is to, ahem, reserve a large chunk of memory, and use it for this special purpose. Isn't that literally what reserved-memory bindings are for?

region is data intended for that device to see. That way if it
tries to go rogue it physically can't start slurping data intended
for other devices or not mapped for DMA at all. The bouncing is an
important part of this - I forget the title off-hand but there was
an interesting paper a few years ago which demonstrated that even
with an IOMMU, streaming DMA of in-place buffers could reveal
enough adjacent data from the same page to mount an attack on the
system. Memory pressure should be immaterial since the size of each
bounce pool carveout will presumably be tuned for the needs of the
given device.

In any case, wouldn't finding all the dma-ranges do this? We're already walking the tree to find the max DMA address now.

If all you can see are two "dma-ranges" properties, how do you
propose to tell that one means "this is the extent of what I can
address, please set my masks and dma-range-map accordingly and try
to allocate things where I can reach them" while the other means
"take this output range away from the page allocator and hook it up
as my dedicated bounce pool, because it is Serious Security Time"?
Especially since getting that choice wrong either way would be a
Bad Thing.

Either we have some heuristic based on the size or we add some hint. The point is let's build on what we already have for defining DMA accessible memory in DT rather than some parallel mechanism.

The point I'm trying to bang home is that it's really not about the DMA accessibility, it's about the purpose of the memory itself. Even when DMA accessibility *is* relevant it's already implied by that purpose, from the point of view of the implementation. The only difference it might make is to the end user if they want to ascertain whether the presence of such a pool represents protection against an untrusted device or just some DMA optimisation tweak.

Robin.