Re: [PATCH 08/14] taint: add taint for direct hardware access
From: Kees Cook
Date: Mon Feb 08 2021 - 17:10:27 EST
On Mon, Feb 08, 2021 at 02:00:33PM -0800, Dan Williams wrote:
> [ add Jon Corbet as I'd expect him to be Cc'd on anything that
> generically touches Documentation/ like this, and add Kees as the last
> person who added a taint (tag you're it) ]
>
> Jon, Kees, are either of you willing to ack this concept?
>
> Top-posting to add more context for the below:
>
> This taint is proposed because it has implications for
> CONFIG_LOCK_DOWN_KERNEL among other things. These CXL devices
> implement memory like DDR would, but unlike DDR there are
> administrative / configuration commands that demand kernel
> coordination before they can be sent. The posture taken with this
> taint is "guilty until proven innocent" for commands that have yet to
> be explicitly allowed by the driver. This is different than NVME for
> example where an errant vendor-defined command could destroy data on
> the device, but there is no wider threat to system integrity. The
> taint allows a pressure release valve for any and all commands to be
> sent, but flagged with WARN_TAINT_ONCE if the driver has not
> explicitly enabled it on an allowed list of known-good / kernel
> coordinated commands.
>
> On Fri, Jan 29, 2021 at 4:25 PM Ben Widawsky <ben.widawsky@xxxxxxxxx> wrote:
> >
> > For drivers that moderate access to the underlying hardware it is
> > sometimes desirable to allow userspace to bypass restrictions. Once
> > userspace has done this, the driver can no longer guarantee the sanctity
> > of either the OS or the hardware. When in this state, it is helpful for
> > kernel developers to be made aware (via this taint flag) of this fact
> > for subsequent bug reports.
> >
> > Example usage:
> > - Hardware xyzzy accepts 2 commands, waldo and fred.
> > - The xyzzy driver provides an interface for using waldo, but not fred.
> > - quux is convinced they really need the fred command.
> > - xyzzy driver allows quux to frob hardware to initiate fred.
> > - kernel gets tainted.
> > - turns out fred command is borked, and scribbles over memory.
> > - developers laugh while closing quux's subsequent bug report.
But a taint flag only lasts for the current boot. If this is a drive, it
could still be compromised after reboot. It sounds like this taint is
really only for ephemeral things? "vendor shenanigans" is a pretty giant
scope ...
-Kees
> >
> > Signed-off-by: Ben Widawsky <ben.widawsky@xxxxxxxxx>
> > ---
> > Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/kernel.rst | 1 +
> > Documentation/admin-guide/tainted-kernels.rst | 6 +++++-
> > include/linux/kernel.h | 3 ++-
> > kernel/panic.c | 1 +
> > 4 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
> >
> > diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/kernel.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/kernel.rst
> > index 1d56a6b73a4e..3e1eada53504 100644
> > --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/kernel.rst
> > +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/kernel.rst
> > @@ -1352,6 +1352,7 @@ ORed together. The letters are seen in "Tainted" line of Oops reports.
> > 32768 `(K)` kernel has been live patched
> > 65536 `(X)` Auxiliary taint, defined and used by for distros
> > 131072 `(T)` The kernel was built with the struct randomization plugin
> > +262144 `(H)` The kernel has allowed vendor shenanigans
> > ====== ===== ==============================================================
> >
> > See :doc:`/admin-guide/tainted-kernels` for more information.
> > diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/tainted-kernels.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/tainted-kernels.rst
> > index ceeed7b0798d..ee2913316344 100644
> > --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/tainted-kernels.rst
> > +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/tainted-kernels.rst
> > @@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ a particular type of taint. It's best to leave that to the aforementioned
> > script, but if you need something quick you can use this shell command to check
> > which bits are set::
> >
> > - $ for i in $(seq 18); do echo $(($i-1)) $(($(cat /proc/sys/kernel/tainted)>>($i-1)&1));done
> > + $ for i in $(seq 19); do echo $(($i-1)) $(($(cat /proc/sys/kernel/tainted)>>($i-1)&1));done
> >
> > Table for decoding tainted state
> > ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
> > @@ -100,6 +100,7 @@ Bit Log Number Reason that got the kernel tainted
> > 15 _/K 32768 kernel has been live patched
> > 16 _/X 65536 auxiliary taint, defined for and used by distros
> > 17 _/T 131072 kernel was built with the struct randomization plugin
> > + 18 _/H 262144 kernel has allowed vendor shenanigans
> > === === ====== ========================================================
> >
> > Note: The character ``_`` is representing a blank in this table to make reading
> > @@ -175,3 +176,6 @@ More detailed explanation for tainting
> > produce extremely unusual kernel structure layouts (even performance
> > pathological ones), which is important to know when debugging. Set at
> > build time.
> > +
> > + 18) ``H`` Kernel has allowed direct access to hardware and can no longer make
> > + any guarantees about the stability of the device or driver.
> > diff --git a/include/linux/kernel.h b/include/linux/kernel.h
> > index f7902d8c1048..bc95486f817e 100644
> > --- a/include/linux/kernel.h
> > +++ b/include/linux/kernel.h
> > @@ -443,7 +443,8 @@ extern enum system_states {
> > #define TAINT_LIVEPATCH 15
> > #define TAINT_AUX 16
> > #define TAINT_RANDSTRUCT 17
> > -#define TAINT_FLAGS_COUNT 18
> > +#define TAINT_RAW_PASSTHROUGH 18
> > +#define TAINT_FLAGS_COUNT 19
> > #define TAINT_FLAGS_MAX ((1UL << TAINT_FLAGS_COUNT) - 1)
> >
> > struct taint_flag {
> > diff --git a/kernel/panic.c b/kernel/panic.c
> > index 332736a72a58..dff22bd80eaf 100644
> > --- a/kernel/panic.c
> > +++ b/kernel/panic.c
> > @@ -386,6 +386,7 @@ const struct taint_flag taint_flags[TAINT_FLAGS_COUNT] = {
> > [ TAINT_LIVEPATCH ] = { 'K', ' ', true },
> > [ TAINT_AUX ] = { 'X', ' ', true },
> > [ TAINT_RANDSTRUCT ] = { 'T', ' ', true },
> > + [ TAINT_RAW_PASSTHROUGH ] = { 'H', ' ', true },
> > };
> >
> > /**
> > --
> > 2.30.0
> >
--
Kees Cook