Re: [PATCH v5 1/2] drivers/misc: sysgenid: add system generation id driver

[Michael S. Tsirkin]

On Mon, Feb 01, 2021 at 07:24:53PM +0200, Adrian Catangiu wrote:
> - Background and problem
> 
> The System Generation ID feature is required in virtualized or
> containerized environments by applications that work with local copies
> or caches of world-unique data such as random values, uuids,
> monotonically increasing counters, etc.
> Such applications can be negatively affected by VM or container
> snapshotting when the VM or container is either cloned or returned to
> an earlier point in time.
> 
> Furthermore, simply finding out about a system generation change is
> only the starting point of a process to renew internal states of
> possibly multiple applications across the system. This process could
> benefit from a driver that provides an interface through which
> orchestration can be easily done.
> 
> - Solution
> 
> The System Generation ID is a simple concept meant to alleviate the
> issue by providing a monotonically increasing u32 counter that changes
> each time the VM or container is restored from a snapshot.
> 
> The `sysgenid` driver exposes a monotonic incremental System Generation
> u32 counter via a char-dev FS interface that provides sync and async
> SysGen counter updates notifications. It also provides SysGen counter
> retrieval and confirmation mechanisms.
> 
> The counter starts from zero when the driver is initialized and
> monotonically increments every time the system generation changes.
> 
> The `sysgenid` driver exports the `void sysgenid_bump_generation()`
> symbol which can be used by backend drivers to drive system generation
> changes based on hardware events.
> System generation changes can also be driven by userspace software
> through a dedicated driver ioctl.
> 
> Userspace applications or libraries can then (a)synchronously consume
> the system generation counter through the provided FS interface to make
> any necessary internal adjustments following a system generation
> update.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Adrian Catangiu <acatan@xxxxxxxxxx>
> ---
>  Documentation/misc-devices/sysgenid.rst            | 236 ++++++++++++++++
>  Documentation/userspace-api/ioctl/ioctl-number.rst |   1 +
>  MAINTAINERS                                        |   8 +
>  drivers/misc/Kconfig                               |  16 ++
>  drivers/misc/Makefile                              |   1 +
>  drivers/misc/sysgenid.c                            | 307 +++++++++++++++++++++
>  include/uapi/linux/sysgenid.h                      |  17 ++
>  7 files changed, 586 insertions(+)
>  create mode 100644 Documentation/misc-devices/sysgenid.rst
>  create mode 100644 drivers/misc/sysgenid.c
>  create mode 100644 include/uapi/linux/sysgenid.h
> 
> diff --git a/Documentation/misc-devices/sysgenid.rst b/Documentation/misc-devices/sysgenid.rst
> new file mode 100644
> index 0000000..4337ca0
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/Documentation/misc-devices/sysgenid.rst
> @@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
> +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> +
> +========
> +SYSGENID
> +========
> +
> +The System Generation ID feature is required in virtualized or
> +containerized environments by applications that work with local copies
> +or caches of world-unique data such as random values, UUIDs,
> +monotonically increasing counters, etc.
> +Such applications can be negatively affected by VM or container
> +snapshotting when the VM or container is either cloned or returned to
> +an earlier point in time.
> +
> +The System Generation ID is a simple concept meant to alleviate the
> +issue by providing a monotonically increasing counter that changes
> +each time the VM or container is restored from a snapshot.
> +The driver for it lives at ``drivers/misc/sysgenid.c``.
> +
> +The ``sysgenid`` driver exposes a monotonic incremental System
> +Generation u32 counter via a char-dev FS interface accessible through
> +``/dev/sysgenid`` that provides sync and async SysGen counter update
> +notifications. It also provides SysGen counter retrieval and
> +confirmation mechanisms.
> +
> +The counter starts from zero when the driver is initialized and
> +monotonically increments every time the system generation changes.
> +
> +The ``sysgenid`` driver exports the ``void sysgenid_bump_generation()``
> +symbol which can be used by backend drivers to drive system generation
> +changes based on hardware events.
> +System generation changes can also be driven by userspace software
> +through a dedicated driver ioctl.
> +
> +Userspace applications or libraries can (a)synchronously consume the
> +system generation counter through the provided FS interface, to make
> +any necessary internal adjustments following a system generation update.
> +
> +Driver FS interface:
> +
> +``open()``:
> +  When the device is opened, a copy of the current Sys-Gen-Id (counter)
> +  is associated with the open file descriptor. The driver now tracks
> +  this file as an independent *watcher*. The driver tracks how many
> +  watchers are aware of the latest Sys-Gen-Id counter and how many of
> +  them are *outdated*; outdated being those that have lived through
> +  a Sys-Gen-Id change but not yet confirmed the new generation counter.
> +
> +``read()``:
> +  Read is meant to provide the *new* system generation counter when a
> +  generation change takes place. The read operation blocks until the
> +  associated counter is no longer up to date, at which point the new
> +  counter is provided/returned.
> +  Nonblocking ``read()`` uses ``EAGAIN`` to signal that there is no
> +  *new* counter value available. The generation counter is considered
> +  *new* for each open file descriptor that hasn't confirmed the new
> +  value following a generation change. Therefore, once a generation
> +  change takes place, all ``read()`` calls will immediately return the
> +  new generation counter and will continue to do so until the
> +  new value is confirmed back to the driver through ``write()``.
> +  Partial reads are not allowed - read buffer needs to be at least
> +  32 bits in size.
> +
> +``write()``:
> +  Write is used to confirm the up-to-date Sys Gen counter back to the
> +  driver.
> +  Following a VM generation change, all existing watchers are marked
> +  as *outdated*. Each file descriptor will maintain the *outdated*
> +  status until a ``write()`` confirms the up-to-date counter back to
> +  the driver.
> +  Partial writes are not allowed - write buffer should be exactly
> +  32 bits in size.
> +
> +``poll()``:
> +  Poll is implemented to allow polling for generation counter updates.
> +  Such updates result in ``EPOLLIN`` polling status until the new
> +  up-to-date counter is confirmed back to the driver through a
> +  ``write()``.
> +
> +``ioctl()``:
> +  The driver also adds support for waiting on open file descriptors
> +  that haven't acknowledged a generation counter update, as well as a
> +  mechanism for userspace to *force* a generation update:
> +
> +  - SYSGENID_WAIT_WATCHERS: blocks until there are no more *outdated*
> +    watchers, or if a ``timeout`` argument is provided, until the
> +    timeout expires.
> +    If the current caller is *outdated* or a generation change happens
> +    while waiting (thus making current caller *outdated*), the ioctl
> +    returns ``-EINTR`` to signal the user to handle event and retry.
> +  - SYSGENID_FORCE_GEN_UPDATE: forces a generation counter increment.
> +    It takes a ``minimum-generation`` argument which represents the
> +    minimum value the generation counter will be incremented to. For
> +    example if current generation is ``5`` and ``SYSGENID_FORCE_GEN_UPDATE(8)``
> +    is called, the generation counter will increment to ``8``.
> +    This IOCTL can only be used by processes with CAP_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE
> +    or CAP_SYS_ADMIN capabilities.
> +
> +``mmap()``:
> +  The driver supports ``PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED`` mmaps of a single page
> +  in size. The first 4 bytes of the mapped page will contain an
> +  up-to-date u32 copy of the system generation counter.
> +  The mapped memory can be used as a low-latency generation counter
> +  probe mechanism in critical sections - see examples.
>

>From what I have seen this mmap interface is still fundamentally racy.
How about splitting it to a separate patch?


> +``close()``:
> +  Removes the file descriptor as a system generation counter *watcher*.
> +
> +Example application workflows
> +-----------------------------
> +
> +1) Watchdog thread simplified example::
> +
> +	void watchdog_thread_handler(int *thread_active)
> +	{
> +		unsigned int genid;
> +		int fd = open("/dev/sysgenid", O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
> +
> +		do {
> +			// read new gen ID - blocks until VM generation changes
> +			read(fd, &genid, sizeof(genid));
> +
> +			// because of VM generation change, we need to rebuild world
> +			reseed_app_env();
> +
> +			// confirm we're done handling gen ID update
> +			write(fd, &genid, sizeof(genid));
> +		} while (atomic_read(thread_active));
> +
> +		close(fd);
> +	}
> +
> +2) ASYNC simplified example::
> +
> +	void handle_io_on_sysgenfd(int sysgenfd)
> +	{
> +		unsigned int genid;
> +
> +		// read new gen ID - we need it to confirm we've handled update
> +		read(fd, &genid, sizeof(genid));
> +
> +		// because of VM generation change, we need to rebuild world
> +		reseed_app_env();
> +
> +		// confirm we're done handling the gen ID update
> +		write(fd, &genid, sizeof(genid));
> +	}
> +
> +	int main() {
> +		int epfd, sysgenfd;
> +		struct epoll_event ev;
> +
> +		epfd = epoll_create(EPOLL_QUEUE_LEN);
> +
> +		sysgenfd = open("/dev/sysgenid",
> +		               O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC | O_NONBLOCK,
> +		               S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
> +
> +		// register sysgenid for polling
> +		ev.events = EPOLLIN;
> +		ev.data.fd = sysgenfd;
> +		epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sysgenfd, &ev);
> +
> +		// register other parts of your app for polling
> +		// ...
> +
> +		while (1) {
> +			// wait for something to do...
> +			int nfds = epoll_wait(epfd, events,
> +				MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS_PER_RUN,
> +				EPOLL_RUN_TIMEOUT);
> +			if (nfds < 0) die("Error in epoll_wait!");
> +
> +			// for each ready fd
> +			for(int i = 0; i < nfds; i++) {
> +				int fd = events[i].data.fd;
> +
> +				if (fd == sysgenfd)
> +					handle_io_on_sysgenfd(sysgenfd);
> +				else
> +					handle_some_other_part_of_the_app(fd);
> +			}
> +		}
> +
> +		return 0;
> +	}
> +
> +3) Mapped memory polling simplified example::
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * app/library function that provides cached secrets
> +	 */
> +	char * safe_cached_secret(app_data_t *app)
> +	{
> +		char *secret;
> +		volatile unsigned int *const genid_ptr = get_sysgenid_mapping(app);
> +	again:
> +		secret = __cached_secret(app);
> +
> +		if (unlikely(*genid_ptr != app->cached_genid)) {
> +			app->cached_genid = *genid_ptr;

And this is racy, isn't it? There is not system call to synchronize
with interrupts, so the value this reads could be out of date.


> +			barrier();
> +
> +			// rebuild world then confirm the genid update (thru write)
> +			rebuild_caches(app);
> +
> +			ack_sysgenid_update(app);
> +
> +			goto again;
> +		}
> +
> +		return secret;
> +	}
> +
> +4) Orchestrator simplified example::
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * orchestrator - manages multiple applications and libraries used by
> +	 * a service and tries to make sure all sensitive components gracefully
> +	 * handle VM generation changes.
> +	 * Following function is called on detection of a VM generation change.
> +	 */
> +	int handle_sysgen_update(int sysgen_fd, unsigned int new_gen_id)
> +	{
> +		// pause until all components have handled event
> +		pause_service();
> +
> +		// confirm *this* watcher as up-to-date
> +		write(sysgen_fd, &new_gen_id, sizeof(unsigned int));
> +
> +		// wait for all *others* for at most 5 seconds.
> +		ioctl(sysgen_fd, VMGENID_WAIT_WATCHERS, 5000);
> +
> +		// all applications on the system have rebuilt worlds
> +		resume_service();
> +	}
> diff --git a/Documentation/userspace-api/ioctl/ioctl-number.rst b/Documentation/userspace-api/ioctl/ioctl-number.rst
> index a4c75a2..d74fed4 100644
> --- a/Documentation/userspace-api/ioctl/ioctl-number.rst
> +++ b/Documentation/userspace-api/ioctl/ioctl-number.rst
> @@ -356,6 +356,7 @@ Code  Seq#    Include File                                           Comments
>  0xDB  00-0F  drivers/char/mwave/mwavepub.h
>  0xDD  00-3F                                                          ZFCP device driver see drivers/s390/scsi/
>                                                                       <mailto:aherrman@xxxxxxxxxx>
> +0xE4  01-02  uapi/linux/sysgenid.h                                   SysGenID misc driver
>  0xE5  00-3F  linux/fuse.h
>  0xEC  00-01  drivers/platform/chrome/cros_ec_dev.h                   ChromeOS EC driver
>  0xF3  00-3F  drivers/usb/misc/sisusbvga/sisusb.h                     sisfb (in development)
> diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
> index d3e847f..f1158b0 100644
> --- a/MAINTAINERS
> +++ b/MAINTAINERS
> @@ -17203,6 +17203,14 @@ L:	linux-mmc@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
>  S:	Maintained
>  F:	drivers/mmc/host/sdhci-pci-dwc-mshc.c
>  
> +SYSGENID
> +M:	Adrian Catangiu <acatan@xxxxxxxxxx>
> +L:	linux-kernel@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
> +S:	Supported
> +F:	Documentation/misc-devices/sysgenid.rst
> +F:	drivers/misc/sysgenid.c
> +F:	include/uapi/linux/sysgenid.h
> +
>  SYSTEM CONFIGURATION (SYSCON)
>  M:	Lee Jones <lee.jones@xxxxxxxxxx>
>  M:	Arnd Bergmann <arnd@xxxxxxxx>
> diff --git a/drivers/misc/Kconfig b/drivers/misc/Kconfig
> index fafa8b0..931d716 100644
> --- a/drivers/misc/Kconfig
> +++ b/drivers/misc/Kconfig
> @@ -456,6 +456,22 @@ config PVPANIC
>  	  a paravirtualized device provided by QEMU; it lets a virtual machine
>  	  (guest) communicate panic events to the host.
>  
> +config SYSGENID
> +	tristate "System Generation ID driver"
> +	default N
> +	help
> +	  This is a System Generation ID driver which provides a system
> +	  generation counter. The driver exposes FS ops on /dev/sysgenid
> +	  through which it can provide information and notifications on system
> +	  generation changes that happen because of VM or container snapshots
> +	  or cloning.
> +	  This enables applications and libraries that store or cache
> +	  sensitive information, to know that they need to regenerate it
> +	  after process memory has been exposed to potential copying.
> +
> +	  To compile this driver as a module, choose M here: the
> +	  module will be called sysgenid.
> +
>  config HISI_HIKEY_USB
>  	tristate "USB GPIO Hub on HiSilicon Hikey 960/970 Platform"
>  	depends on (OF && GPIOLIB) || COMPILE_TEST
> diff --git a/drivers/misc/Makefile b/drivers/misc/Makefile
> index d23231e..4b4933d 100644
> --- a/drivers/misc/Makefile
> +++ b/drivers/misc/Makefile
> @@ -57,3 +57,4 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_HABANA_AI)		+= habanalabs/
>  obj-$(CONFIG_UACCE)		+= uacce/
>  obj-$(CONFIG_XILINX_SDFEC)	+= xilinx_sdfec.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_HISI_HIKEY_USB)	+= hisi_hikey_usb.o
> +obj-$(CONFIG_SYSGENID)		+= sysgenid.o
> diff --git a/drivers/misc/sysgenid.c b/drivers/misc/sysgenid.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 0000000..95b3421
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/drivers/misc/sysgenid.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,307 @@
> +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> +/*
> + * System Generation ID driver
> + *
> + * Copyright (C) 2020 Amazon. All rights reserved.
> + *
> + *	Authors:
> + *	  Adrian Catangiu <acatan@xxxxxxxxxx>
> + *
> + */
> +#include <linux/acpi.h>
> +#include <linux/kernel.h>
> +#include <linux/minmax.h>
> +#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
> +#include <linux/mm.h>
> +#include <linux/module.h>
> +#include <linux/poll.h>
> +#include <linux/random.h>
> +#include <linux/uuid.h>
> +#include <linux/sysgenid.h>
> +
> +struct sysgenid_data {
> +	unsigned long		map_buf;
> +	wait_queue_head_t	read_waitq;
> +	atomic_t		generation_counter;
> +
> +	unsigned int		watchers;
> +	atomic_t		outdated_watchers;
> +	wait_queue_head_t	outdated_waitq;
> +	spinlock_t		lock;
> +};
> +static struct sysgenid_data sysgenid_data;
> +
> +struct file_data {
> +	unsigned int acked_gen_counter;
> +};
> +
> +static void sysgenid_uevent(unsigned int gen_counter);
> +
> +static int equals_gen_counter(unsigned int counter)
> +{
> +	return counter == atomic_read(&sysgenid_data.generation_counter);
> +}
> +
> +static void _bump_generation(int min_gen)
> +{
> +	unsigned long flags;
> +	int counter;
> +
> +	spin_lock_irqsave(&sysgenid_data.lock, flags);
> +	counter = max(min_gen, 1 + atomic_read(&sysgenid_data.generation_counter));
> +	atomic_set(&sysgenid_data.generation_counter, counter);
> +	*((int *) sysgenid_data.map_buf) = counter;
> +	atomic_set(&sysgenid_data.outdated_watchers, sysgenid_data.watchers);
> +
> +	wake_up_interruptible(&sysgenid_data.read_waitq);
> +	wake_up_interruptible(&sysgenid_data.outdated_waitq);
> +	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sysgenid_data.lock, flags);
> +
> +	sysgenid_uevent(counter);
> +}
> +
> +void sysgenid_bump_generation(void)
> +{
> +	_bump_generation(0);
> +}
> +EXPORT_SYMBOL(sysgenid_bump_generation);
> +
> +static void put_outdated_watchers(void)
> +{
> +	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&sysgenid_data.outdated_watchers))
> +		wake_up_interruptible(&sysgenid_data.outdated_waitq);
> +}
> +
> +static int sysgenid_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
> +{
> +	struct file_data *fdata = kzalloc(sizeof(struct file_data), GFP_KERNEL);
> +	unsigned long flags;
> +
> +	if (!fdata)
> +		return -ENOMEM;
> +
> +	spin_lock_irqsave(&sysgenid_data.lock, flags);
> +	fdata->acked_gen_counter = atomic_read(&sysgenid_data.generation_counter);
> +	++sysgenid_data.watchers;
> +	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sysgenid_data.lock, flags);
> +
> +	file->private_data = fdata;
> +
> +	return 0;
> +}
> +
> +static int sysgenid_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
> +{
> +	struct file_data *fdata = file->private_data;
> +	unsigned long flags;
> +
> +	spin_lock_irqsave(&sysgenid_data.lock, flags);
> +	if (!equals_gen_counter(fdata->acked_gen_counter))
> +		put_outdated_watchers();
> +	--sysgenid_data.watchers;
> +	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sysgenid_data.lock, flags);
> +
> +	kfree(fdata);
> +
> +	return 0;
> +}
> +
> +static ssize_t sysgenid_read(struct file *file, char __user *ubuf,
> +							 size_t nbytes, loff_t *ppos)
> +{
> +	struct file_data *fdata = file->private_data;
> +	ssize_t ret;
> +	int gen_counter;
> +
> +	if (nbytes == 0)
> +		return 0;
> +	/* disallow partial reads */
> +	if (nbytes < sizeof(gen_counter))
> +		return -EINVAL;
> +
> +	if (equals_gen_counter(fdata->acked_gen_counter)) {
> +		if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
> +			return -EAGAIN;
> +		ret = wait_event_interruptible(
> +			sysgenid_data.read_waitq,
> +			!equals_gen_counter(fdata->acked_gen_counter)
> +		);
> +		if (ret)
> +			return ret;
> +	}
> +
> +	gen_counter = atomic_read(&sysgenid_data.generation_counter);
> +	ret = copy_to_user(ubuf, &gen_counter, sizeof(gen_counter));
> +	if (ret)
> +		return -EFAULT;
> +
> +	return sizeof(gen_counter);

interrupt could be in flight at this point. I think you need
to synch with that IRQ otherwise your read will return stale data.


> +}
> +
> +static ssize_t sysgenid_write(struct file *file, const char __user *ubuf,
> +							  size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
> +{
> +	struct file_data *fdata = file->private_data;
> +	unsigned int new_acked_gen;
> +	unsigned long flags;
> +
> +	/* disallow partial writes */
> +	if (count != sizeof(new_acked_gen))
> +		return -EINVAL;
> +	if (copy_from_user(&new_acked_gen, ubuf, count))
> +		return -EFAULT;
> +
> +	spin_lock_irqsave(&sysgenid_data.lock, flags);
> +	/* wrong gen-counter acknowledged */
> +	if (!equals_gen_counter(new_acked_gen)) {
> +		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sysgenid_data.lock, flags);
> +		return -EINVAL;
> +	}
> +	if (!equals_gen_counter(fdata->acked_gen_counter)) {
> +		fdata->acked_gen_counter = new_acked_gen;
> +		put_outdated_watchers();
> +	}
> +	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sysgenid_data.lock, flags);
> +
> +	return (ssize_t)count;
> +}
> +
> +static __poll_t sysgenid_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait)
> +{
> +	__poll_t mask = 0;
> +	struct file_data *fdata = file->private_data;
> +
> +	if (!equals_gen_counter(fdata->acked_gen_counter))
> +		return EPOLLIN | EPOLLRDNORM;
> +
> +	poll_wait(file, &sysgenid_data.read_waitq, wait);
> +
> +	if (!equals_gen_counter(fdata->acked_gen_counter))
> +		mask = EPOLLIN | EPOLLRDNORM;
> +
> +	return mask;
> +}
> +
> +static long sysgenid_ioctl(struct file *file,
> +						   unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
> +{
> +	struct file_data *fdata = file->private_data;
> +	unsigned long timeout_ns, min_gen;
> +	ktime_t until;
> +	int ret = 0;
> +
> +	switch (cmd) {
> +	case SYSGENID_WAIT_WATCHERS:
> +		timeout_ns = arg * NSEC_PER_MSEC;
> +		until = timeout_ns ? ktime_set(0, timeout_ns) : KTIME_MAX;
> +
> +		ret = wait_event_interruptible_hrtimeout(
> +			sysgenid_data.outdated_waitq,
> +			(!atomic_read(&sysgenid_data.outdated_watchers) ||
> +					!equals_gen_counter(fdata->acked_gen_counter)),
> +			until
> +		);
> +		break;
> +	case SYSGENID_FORCE_GEN_UPDATE:
> +		if (!checkpoint_restore_ns_capable(current_user_ns()))
> +			return -EACCES;
> +		min_gen = arg;
> +		_bump_generation(min_gen);
> +		break;
> +	default:
> +		ret = -EINVAL;
> +		break;
> +	}
> +	return ret;
> +}
> +
> +static int sysgenid_mmap(struct file *file, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
> +{
> +	struct file_data *fdata = file->private_data;
> +
> +	if (vma->vm_pgoff != 0 || vma_pages(vma) > 1)
> +		return -EINVAL;
> +
> +	if ((vma->vm_flags & VM_WRITE) != 0)
> +		return -EPERM;
> +
> +	vma->vm_flags |= VM_DONTEXPAND | VM_DONTDUMP;
> +	vma->vm_flags &= ~VM_MAYWRITE;
> +	vma->vm_private_data = fdata;
> +
> +	return vm_insert_page(vma, vma->vm_start,
> +						  virt_to_page(sysgenid_data.map_buf));
> +}
> +
> +static const struct file_operations fops = {
> +	.owner		= THIS_MODULE,
> +	.mmap		= sysgenid_mmap,
> +	.open		= sysgenid_open,
> +	.release	= sysgenid_close,
> +	.read		= sysgenid_read,
> +	.write		= sysgenid_write,
> +	.poll		= sysgenid_poll,
> +	.unlocked_ioctl	= sysgenid_ioctl,
> +};
> +
> +static struct miscdevice sysgenid_misc = {
> +	.minor = MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR,
> +	.name = "sysgenid",
> +	.fops = &fops,
> +};
> +
> +static void sysgenid_uevent(unsigned int gen_counter)
> +{
> +	char event_string[22];
> +	char *envp[] = { event_string, NULL };
> +	struct device *dev = sysgenid_misc.this_device;
> +
> +	if (dev) {
> +		sprintf(event_string, "SYSGENID=%u", gen_counter);
> +		kobject_uevent_env(&dev->kobj, KOBJ_CHANGE, envp);
> +	}
> +}
> +
> +static int __init sysgenid_init(void)
> +{
> +	int ret;
> +
> +	sysgenid_data.map_buf = get_zeroed_page(GFP_KERNEL);
> +	if (!sysgenid_data.map_buf)
> +		return -ENOMEM;
> +
> +	atomic_set(&sysgenid_data.generation_counter, 0);
> +	atomic_set(&sysgenid_data.outdated_watchers, 0);
> +	init_waitqueue_head(&sysgenid_data.read_waitq);
> +	init_waitqueue_head(&sysgenid_data.outdated_waitq);
> +	spin_lock_init(&sysgenid_data.lock);
> +
> +	ret = misc_register(&sysgenid_misc);
> +	if (ret < 0) {
> +		pr_err("misc_register() failed for sysgenid\n");
> +		goto err;
> +	}
> +
> +	return 0;
> +
> +err:
> +	free_pages(sysgenid_data.map_buf, 0);
> +	sysgenid_data.map_buf = 0;
> +
> +	return ret;
> +}
> +
> +static void __exit sysgenid_exit(void)
> +{
> +	misc_deregister(&sysgenid_misc);
> +	free_pages(sysgenid_data.map_buf, 0);
> +	sysgenid_data.map_buf = 0;
> +}
> +
> +module_init(sysgenid_init);
> +module_exit(sysgenid_exit);
> +
> +MODULE_AUTHOR("Adrian Catangiu");
> +MODULE_DESCRIPTION("System Generation ID");
> +MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
> +MODULE_VERSION("0.1");
> diff --git a/include/uapi/linux/sysgenid.h b/include/uapi/linux/sysgenid.h
> new file mode 100644
> index 0000000..ba370c8
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/include/uapi/linux/sysgenid.h
> @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
> +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note */
> +
> +#ifndef _UAPI_LINUX_SYSGENID_H
> +#define _UAPI_LINUX_SYSGENID_H
> +
> +#include <linux/ioctl.h>
> +
> +#define SYSGENID_IOCTL			0xE4
> +#define SYSGENID_WAIT_WATCHERS		_IO(SYSGENID_IOCTL, 1)
> +#define SYSGENID_FORCE_GEN_UPDATE	_IO(SYSGENID_IOCTL, 2)
> +
> +#ifdef __KERNEL__
> +void sysgenid_bump_generation(void);
> +#endif /* __KERNEL__ */
> +
> +#endif /* _UAPI_LINUX_SYSGENID_H */
> +
> -- 
> 2.7.4
> 
> 
> 
> 
> Amazon Development Center (Romania) S.R.L. registered office: 27A Sf. Lazar Street, UBC5, floor 2, Iasi, Iasi County, 700045, Romania. Registered in Romania. Registration number J22/2621/2005.