Re: [PATCH v8] pgo: add clang's Profile Guided Optimization infrastructure

[Fangrui Song]

Reviewed-by: Fangrui Song <maskray@xxxxxxxxxx>

Some minor items below:

On 2021-02-26, 'Bill Wendling' via Clang Built Linux wrote:
> From: Sami Tolvanen <samitolvanen@xxxxxxxxxx>
>
> Enable the use of clang's Profile-Guided Optimization[1]. To generate a
> profile, the kernel is instrumented with PGO counters, a representative
> workload is run, and the raw profile data is collected from
> /sys/kernel/debug/pgo/profraw.
>
> The raw profile data must be processed by clang's "llvm-profdata" tool
> before it can be used during recompilation:
>
>  $ cp /sys/kernel/debug/pgo/profraw vmlinux.profraw
>  $ llvm-profdata merge --output=vmlinux.profdata vmlinux.profraw
>
> Multiple raw profiles may be merged during this step.
>
> The data can now be used by the compiler:
>
>  $ make LLVM=1 KCFLAGS=-fprofile-use=vmlinux.profdata ...
>
> This initial submission is restricted to x86, as that's the platform we
> know works. This restriction can be lifted once other platforms have
> been verified to work with PGO.
>
> Note that this method of profiling the kernel is clang-native, unlike
> the clang support in kernel/gcov.
>
> [1] https://clang.llvm.org/docs/UsersManual.html#profile-guided-optimization
>
> Signed-off-by: Sami Tolvanen <samitolvanen@xxxxxxxxxx>
> Co-developed-by: Bill Wendling <morbo@xxxxxxxxxx>
> Signed-off-by: Bill Wendling <morbo@xxxxxxxxxx>
> ---
> v8: - Rebased on top-of-tree.
> v7: - Fix minor build failure reported by Sedat.
> v6: - Add better documentation about the locking scheme and other things.
>    - Rename macros to better match the same macros in LLVM's source code.
> v5: - Correct padding calculation, discovered by Nathan Chancellor.
> v4: - Remove non-x86 Makfile changes and se "hweight64" instead of using our
>      own popcount implementation, based on Nick Desaulniers's comment.
> v3: - Added change log section based on Sedat Dilek's comments.
> v2: - Added "__llvm_profile_instrument_memop" based on Nathan Chancellor's
>      testing.
>    - Corrected documentation, re PGO flags when using LTO, based on Fangrui
>      Song's comments.
> ---
> Documentation/dev-tools/index.rst     |   1 +
> Documentation/dev-tools/pgo.rst       | 127 +++++++++
> MAINTAINERS                           |   9 +
> Makefile                              |   3 +
> arch/Kconfig                          |   1 +
> arch/x86/Kconfig                      |   1 +
> arch/x86/boot/Makefile                |   1 +
> arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile     |   1 +
> arch/x86/crypto/Makefile              |   4 +
> arch/x86/entry/vdso/Makefile          |   1 +
> arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S         |   2 +
> arch/x86/platform/efi/Makefile        |   1 +
> arch/x86/purgatory/Makefile           |   1 +
> arch/x86/realmode/rm/Makefile         |   1 +
> arch/x86/um/vdso/Makefile             |   1 +
> drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/Makefile |   1 +
> include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h     |  44 +++
> kernel/Makefile                       |   1 +
> kernel/pgo/Kconfig                    |  35 +++
> kernel/pgo/Makefile                   |   5 +
> kernel/pgo/fs.c                       | 389 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> kernel/pgo/instrument.c               | 189 +++++++++++++
> kernel/pgo/pgo.h                      | 203 ++++++++++++++
> scripts/Makefile.lib                  |  10 +
> 24 files changed, 1032 insertions(+)
> create mode 100644 Documentation/dev-tools/pgo.rst
> create mode 100644 kernel/pgo/Kconfig
> create mode 100644 kernel/pgo/Makefile
> create mode 100644 kernel/pgo/fs.c
> create mode 100644 kernel/pgo/instrument.c
> create mode 100644 kernel/pgo/pgo.h
>
> diff --git a/Documentation/dev-tools/index.rst b/Documentation/dev-tools/index.rst
> index f7809c7b1ba9..8d6418e85806 100644
> --- a/Documentation/dev-tools/index.rst
> +++ b/Documentation/dev-tools/index.rst
> @@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ whole; patches welcome!
>    kgdb
>    kselftest
>    kunit/index
> +   pgo
>
>
> .. only::  subproject and html
> diff --git a/Documentation/dev-tools/pgo.rst b/Documentation/dev-tools/pgo.rst
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..b7f11d8405b7
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/Documentation/dev-tools/pgo.rst
> @@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
> +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> +
> +===============================
> +Using PGO with the Linux kernel
> +===============================
> +
> +Clang's profiling kernel support (PGO_) enables profiling of the Linux kernel
> +when building with Clang. The profiling data is exported via the ``pgo``
> +debugfs directory.
> +
> +.. _PGO: https://clang.llvm.org/docs/UsersManual.html#profile-guided-optimization
> +
> +
> +Preparation
> +===========
> +
> +Configure the kernel with:
> +
> +.. code-block:: make
> +
> +   CONFIG_DEBUG_FS=y
> +   CONFIG_PGO_CLANG=y
> +
> +Note that kernels compiled with profiling flags will be significantly larger
> +and run slower.
> +
> +Profiling data will only become accessible once debugfs has been mounted:
> +
> +.. code-block:: sh
> +
> +   mount -t debugfs none /sys/kernel/debug
> +
> +
> +Customization
> +=============
> +
> +You can enable or disable profiling for individual file and directories by
> +adding a line similar to the following to the respective kernel Makefile:
> +
> +- For a single file (e.g. main.o)
> +
> +  .. code-block:: make
> +
> +     PGO_PROFILE_main.o := y
> +
> +- For all files in one directory
> +
> +  .. code-block:: make
> +
> +     PGO_PROFILE := y
> +
> +To exclude files from being profiled use
> +
> +  .. code-block:: make
> +
> +     PGO_PROFILE_main.o := n
> +
> +and
> +
> +  .. code-block:: make
> +
> +     PGO_PROFILE := n
> +
> +Only files which are linked to the main kernel image or are compiled as kernel
> +modules are supported by this mechanism.
> +
> +
> +Files
> +=====
> +
> +The PGO kernel support creates the following files in debugfs:
> +
> +``/sys/kernel/debug/pgo``
> +	Parent directory for all PGO-related files.
> +
> +``/sys/kernel/debug/pgo/reset``
> +	Global reset file: resets all coverage data to zero when written to.
> +
> +``/sys/kernel/debug/profraw``
> +	The raw PGO data that must be processed with ``llvm_profdata``.
> +
> +
> +Workflow
> +========
> +
> +The PGO kernel can be run on the host or test machines. The data though should
> +be analyzed with Clang's tools from the same Clang version as the kernel was
> +compiled. Clang's tolerant of version skew, but it's easier to use the same
> +Clang version.
> +
> +The profiling data is useful for optimizing the kernel, analyzing coverage,
> +etc. Clang offers tools to perform these tasks.
> +
> +Here is an example workflow for profiling an instrumented kernel with PGO and
> +using the result to optimize the kernel:
> +
> +1) Install the kernel on the TEST machine.
> +
> +2) Reset the data counters right before running the load tests
> +
> +   .. code-block:: sh
> +
> +      $ echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/pgo/reset
> +
> +3) Run the load tests.
> +
> +4) Collect the raw profile data
> +
> +   .. code-block:: sh
> +
> +      $ cp -a /sys/kernel/debug/pgo/profraw /tmp/vmlinux.profraw
> +
> +5) (Optional) Download the raw profile data to the HOST machine.
> +
> +6) Process the raw profile data
> +
> +   .. code-block:: sh
> +
> +      $ llvm-profdata merge --output=vmlinux.profdata vmlinux.profraw
> +
> +   Note that multiple raw profile data files can be merged during this step.
> +
> +7) Rebuild the kernel using the profile data (PGO disabled)
> +
> +   .. code-block:: sh
> +
> +      $ make LLVM=1 KCFLAGS=-fprofile-use=vmlinux.profdata ...
> diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
> index c71664ca8bfd..3a6668792bc5 100644
> --- a/MAINTAINERS
> +++ b/MAINTAINERS
> @@ -14019,6 +14019,15 @@ S:	Maintained
> F:	include/linux/personality.h
> F:	include/uapi/linux/personality.h
>
> +PGO BASED KERNEL PROFILING
> +M:	Sami Tolvanen <samitolvanen@xxxxxxxxxx>
> +M:	Bill Wendling <wcw@xxxxxxxxxx>
> +R:	Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@xxxxxxxxx>
> +R:	Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@xxxxxxxxxx>
> +S:	Supported
> +F:	Documentation/dev-tools/pgo.rst
> +F:	kernel/pgo
> +
> PHOENIX RC FLIGHT CONTROLLER ADAPTER
> M:	Marcus Folkesson <marcus.folkesson@xxxxxxxxx>
> L:	linux-input@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
> diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
> index 6ecd0d22e608..b57d4d44c799 100644
> --- a/Makefile
> +++ b/Makefile
> @@ -657,6 +657,9 @@ endif # KBUILD_EXTMOD
> # Defaults to vmlinux, but the arch makefile usually adds further targets
> all: vmlinux
>
> +CFLAGS_PGO_CLANG := -fprofile-generate
> +export CFLAGS_PGO_CLANG
> +
> CFLAGS_GCOV	:= -fprofile-arcs -ftest-coverage \
> 	$(call cc-option,-fno-tree-loop-im) \
> 	$(call cc-disable-warning,maybe-uninitialized,)
> diff --git a/arch/Kconfig b/arch/Kconfig
> index 2bb30673d8e6..111e642a2af7 100644
> --- a/arch/Kconfig
> +++ b/arch/Kconfig
> @@ -1192,6 +1192,7 @@ config ARCH_HAS_ELFCORE_COMPAT
> 	bool
>
> source "kernel/gcov/Kconfig"
> +source "kernel/pgo/Kconfig"
>
> source "scripts/gcc-plugins/Kconfig"
>
> diff --git a/arch/x86/Kconfig b/arch/x86/Kconfig
> index cd4b9b1204a8..c9808583b528 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/Kconfig
> +++ b/arch/x86/Kconfig
> @@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ config X86
> 	select ARCH_SUPPORTS_KMAP_LOCAL_FORCE_MAP	if NR_CPUS <= 4096
> 	select ARCH_SUPPORTS_LTO_CLANG		if X86_64
> 	select ARCH_SUPPORTS_LTO_CLANG_THIN	if X86_64
> +	select ARCH_SUPPORTS_PGO_CLANG		if X86_64
> 	select ARCH_USE_BUILTIN_BSWAP
> 	select ARCH_USE_QUEUED_RWLOCKS
> 	select ARCH_USE_QUEUED_SPINLOCKS
> diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/Makefile b/arch/x86/boot/Makefile
> index fe605205b4ce..383853e32f67 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/boot/Makefile
> +++ b/arch/x86/boot/Makefile
> @@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ KBUILD_AFLAGS	:= $(KBUILD_CFLAGS) -D__ASSEMBLY__
> KBUILD_CFLAGS	+= $(call cc-option,-fmacro-prefix-map=$(srctree)/=)
> KBUILD_CFLAGS	+= -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables
> GCOV_PROFILE := n
> +PGO_PROFILE := n
> UBSAN_SANITIZE := n
>
> $(obj)/bzImage: asflags-y  := $(SVGA_MODE)
> diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile
> index e0bc3988c3fa..ed12ab65f606 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile
> +++ b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile
> @@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ CFLAGS_sev-es.o += -I$(objtree)/arch/x86/lib/
>
> KBUILD_AFLAGS  := $(KBUILD_CFLAGS) -D__ASSEMBLY__
> GCOV_PROFILE := n
> +PGO_PROFILE := n
> UBSAN_SANITIZE :=n
>
> KBUILD_LDFLAGS := -m elf_$(UTS_MACHINE)
> diff --git a/arch/x86/crypto/Makefile b/arch/x86/crypto/Makefile
> index b28e36b7c96b..4b2e9620c412 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/crypto/Makefile
> +++ b/arch/x86/crypto/Makefile
> @@ -4,6 +4,10 @@
>
> OBJECT_FILES_NON_STANDARD := y
>
> +# Disable PGO for curve25519-x86_64. With PGO enabled, clang runs out of
> +# registers for some of the functions.
> +PGO_PROFILE_curve25519-x86_64.o := n
> +
> obj-$(CONFIG_CRYPTO_TWOFISH_586) += twofish-i586.o
> twofish-i586-y := twofish-i586-asm_32.o twofish_glue.o
> obj-$(CONFIG_CRYPTO_TWOFISH_X86_64) += twofish-x86_64.o
> diff --git a/arch/x86/entry/vdso/Makefile b/arch/x86/entry/vdso/Makefile
> index 05c4abc2fdfd..f7421e44725a 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/entry/vdso/Makefile
> +++ b/arch/x86/entry/vdso/Makefile
> @@ -180,6 +180,7 @@ quiet_cmd_vdso = VDSO    $@
> VDSO_LDFLAGS = -shared --hash-style=both --build-id=sha1 \
> 	$(call ld-option, --eh-frame-hdr) -Bsymbolic
> GCOV_PROFILE := n
> +PGO_PROFILE := n
>
> quiet_cmd_vdso_and_check = VDSO    $@
>       cmd_vdso_and_check = $(cmd_vdso); $(cmd_vdso_check)
> diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S b/arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
> index efd9e9ea17f2..f6cab2316c46 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
> +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
> @@ -184,6 +184,8 @@ SECTIONS
>
> 	BUG_TABLE
>
> +	PGO_CLANG_DATA
> +
> 	ORC_UNWIND_TABLE
>
> 	. = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE);
> diff --git a/arch/x86/platform/efi/Makefile b/arch/x86/platform/efi/Makefile
> index 84b09c230cbd..5f22b31446ad 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/platform/efi/Makefile
> +++ b/arch/x86/platform/efi/Makefile
> @@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
> OBJECT_FILES_NON_STANDARD_efi_thunk_$(BITS).o := y
> KASAN_SANITIZE := n
> GCOV_PROFILE := n
> +PGO_PROFILE := n
>
> obj-$(CONFIG_EFI) 		+= quirks.o efi.o efi_$(BITS).o efi_stub_$(BITS).o
> obj-$(CONFIG_EFI_MIXED)		+= efi_thunk_$(BITS).o
> diff --git a/arch/x86/purgatory/Makefile b/arch/x86/purgatory/Makefile
> index 95ea17a9d20c..36f20e99da0b 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/purgatory/Makefile
> +++ b/arch/x86/purgatory/Makefile
> @@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ targets += purgatory.ro purgatory.chk
>
> # Sanitizer, etc. runtimes are unavailable and cannot be linked here.
> GCOV_PROFILE	:= n
> +PGO_PROFILE	:= n
> KASAN_SANITIZE	:= n
> UBSAN_SANITIZE	:= n
> KCSAN_SANITIZE	:= n
> diff --git a/arch/x86/realmode/rm/Makefile b/arch/x86/realmode/rm/Makefile
> index 83f1b6a56449..21797192f958 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/realmode/rm/Makefile
> +++ b/arch/x86/realmode/rm/Makefile
> @@ -76,4 +76,5 @@ KBUILD_CFLAGS	:= $(REALMODE_CFLAGS) -D_SETUP -D_WAKEUP \
> KBUILD_AFLAGS	:= $(KBUILD_CFLAGS) -D__ASSEMBLY__
> KBUILD_CFLAGS	+= -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables
> GCOV_PROFILE := n
> +PGO_PROFILE := n
> UBSAN_SANITIZE := n
> diff --git a/arch/x86/um/vdso/Makefile b/arch/x86/um/vdso/Makefile
> index 5943387e3f35..54f5768f5853 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/um/vdso/Makefile
> +++ b/arch/x86/um/vdso/Makefile
> @@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ quiet_cmd_vdso = VDSO    $@
>
> VDSO_LDFLAGS = -fPIC -shared -Wl,--hash-style=sysv
> GCOV_PROFILE := n
> +PGO_PROFILE := n
>
> #
> # Install the unstripped copy of vdso*.so listed in $(vdso-install-y).
> diff --git a/drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/Makefile b/drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/Makefile
> index c23466e05e60..724fb389bb9d 100644
> --- a/drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/Makefile
> +++ b/drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/Makefile
> @@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ KBUILD_CFLAGS := $(filter-out $(CC_FLAGS_SCS), $(KBUILD_CFLAGS))
> KBUILD_CFLAGS := $(filter-out $(CC_FLAGS_LTO), $(KBUILD_CFLAGS))
>
> GCOV_PROFILE			:= n
> +PGO_PROFILE			:= n
> # Sanitizer runtimes are unavailable and cannot be linked here.
> KASAN_SANITIZE			:= n
> KCSAN_SANITIZE			:= n
> diff --git a/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h b/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h
> index 6786f8c0182f..4a0c21b840b3 100644
> --- a/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h
> +++ b/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h
> @@ -329,6 +329,49 @@
> #define DTPM_TABLE()
> #endif
>
> +#ifdef CONFIG_PGO_CLANG
> +#define PGO_CLANG_DATA							\
> +	__llvm_prf_data : AT(ADDR(__llvm_prf_data) - LOAD_OFFSET) {	\
> +		. = ALIGN(8);						\
> +		__llvm_prf_start = .;					\
> +		__llvm_prf_data_start = .;				\
> +		KEEP(*(__llvm_prf_data))				\
> +		. = ALIGN(8);						\
> +		__llvm_prf_data_end = .;				\
> +	}								\

Some minor items on linker script usage. The end of a metadata section
usually does not need alignment.  Does the . = ALIGN(8) have
significance? Ditto below.



This is an item about LD_DEAD_CODE_DATA_ELIMINATION. Feel free to
postpone after this patch is in tree:

		KEEP(*(__llvm_prf_data))

KEEP should be dropped.

I have been involved in improving GC (my recent interests on such
metadata sections :)
https://maskray.me/blog/2021-01-31-metadata-sections-comdat-and-shf-link-order)

With LLVM>=13 (https://reviews.llvm.org/D96757), __llvm_prf_* associated
to non-COMDAT text sections can be GCed as well.  KEEP would
unnecessarily retain them under LD_DEAD_CODE_DATA_ELIMINATION.

For older releases (at least 10<=LLVM<13), such __llvm_prf_* sections
are not in zero flag section groups so they usually cannot be discarded.
So perhaps with KEEP or without KEEP, you won't find many size
differences.

> +	__llvm_prf_cnts : AT(ADDR(__llvm_prf_cnts) - LOAD_OFFSET) {	\
> +		. = ALIGN(8);						\
> +		__llvm_prf_cnts_start = .;				\
> +		KEEP(*(__llvm_prf_cnts))				\
> +		. = ALIGN(8);						\
> +		__llvm_prf_cnts_end = .;				\
> +	}								\
> +	__llvm_prf_names : AT(ADDR(__llvm_prf_names) - LOAD_OFFSET) {	\
> +		. = ALIGN(8);						\
> +		__llvm_prf_names_start = .;				\
> +		KEEP(*(__llvm_prf_names))				\
> +		. = ALIGN(8);						\
> +		__llvm_prf_names_end = .;				\
> +		. = ALIGN(8);						\
> +	}								\

__llvm_prf_names does not need alignment.
It is often 1 in userspace programs.

> +	__llvm_prf_vals : AT(ADDR(__llvm_prf_vals) - LOAD_OFFSET) {	\
> +		__llvm_prf_vals_start = .;				\
> +		KEEP(*(__llvm_prf_vals))				\
> +		. = ALIGN(8);						\
> +		__llvm_prf_vals_end = .;				\
> +		. = ALIGN(8);						\
> +	}								\
> +	__llvm_prf_vnds : AT(ADDR(__llvm_prf_vnds) - LOAD_OFFSET) {	\
> +		__llvm_prf_vnds_start = .;				\
> +		KEEP(*(__llvm_prf_vnds))				\
> +		. = ALIGN(8);						\
> +		__llvm_prf_vnds_end = .;				\
> +		__llvm_prf_end = .;					\
> +	}

In userspace PGO instrumentation, the start is often aligned by 16.
The end does not need alignment.

> +#else
> +#define PGO_CLANG_DATA
> +#endif
> +
> #define KERNEL_DTB()							\
> 	STRUCT_ALIGN();							\
> 	__dtb_start = .;						\
> @@ -1105,6 +1148,7 @@
> 		CONSTRUCTORS						\
> 	}								\
> 	BUG_TABLE							\
> +	PGO_CLANG_DATA
>
> #define INIT_TEXT_SECTION(inittext_align)				\
> 	. = ALIGN(inittext_align);					\
> diff --git a/kernel/Makefile b/kernel/Makefile
> index 320f1f3941b7..a2a23ef2b12f 100644
> --- a/kernel/Makefile
> +++ b/kernel/Makefile
> @@ -111,6 +111,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_BPF) += bpf/
> obj-$(CONFIG_KCSAN) += kcsan/
> obj-$(CONFIG_SHADOW_CALL_STACK) += scs.o
> obj-$(CONFIG_HAVE_STATIC_CALL_INLINE) += static_call.o
> +obj-$(CONFIG_PGO_CLANG) += pgo/
>
> obj-$(CONFIG_PERF_EVENTS) += events/
>
> diff --git a/kernel/pgo/Kconfig b/kernel/pgo/Kconfig
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..76a640b6cf6e
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/kernel/pgo/Kconfig
> @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
> +# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
> +menu "Profile Guided Optimization (PGO) (EXPERIMENTAL)"
> +
> +config ARCH_SUPPORTS_PGO_CLANG
> +	bool
> +
> +config PGO_CLANG
> +	bool "Enable clang's PGO-based kernel profiling"
> +	depends on DEBUG_FS
> +	depends on ARCH_SUPPORTS_PGO_CLANG
> +	depends on CC_IS_CLANG && CLANG_VERSION >= 120000
> +	help
> +	  This option enables clang's PGO (Profile Guided Optimization) based
> +	  code profiling to better optimize the kernel.
> +
> +	  If unsure, say N.
> +
> +	  Run a representative workload for your application on a kernel
> +	  compiled with this option and download the raw profile file from
> +	  /sys/kernel/debug/pgo/profraw. This file needs to be processed with
> +	  llvm-profdata. It may be merged with other collected raw profiles.
> +
> +	  Copy the resulting profile file into vmlinux.profdata, and enable
> +	  KCFLAGS=-fprofile-use=vmlinux.profdata to produce an optimized
> +	  kernel.
> +
> +	  Note that a kernel compiled with profiling flags will be
> +	  significantly larger and run slower. Also be sure to exclude files
> +	  from profiling which are not linked to the kernel image to prevent
> +	  linker errors.
> +
> +	  Note that the debugfs filesystem has to be mounted to access
> +	  profiling data.
> +
> +endmenu
> diff --git a/kernel/pgo/Makefile b/kernel/pgo/Makefile
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..41e27cefd9a4
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/kernel/pgo/Makefile
> @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
> +# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> +GCOV_PROFILE	:= n
> +PGO_PROFILE	:= n
> +
> +obj-y	+= fs.o instrument.o
> diff --git a/kernel/pgo/fs.c b/kernel/pgo/fs.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..1678df3b7d64
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/kernel/pgo/fs.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,389 @@
> +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> +/*
> + * Copyright (C) 2019 Google, Inc.
> + *
> + * Author:
> + *	Sami Tolvanen <samitolvanen@xxxxxxxxxx>
> + *
> + * This software is licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public
> + * License version 2, as published by the Free Software Foundation, and
> + * may be copied, distributed, and modified under those terms.
> + *
> + * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
> + * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
> + * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
> + * GNU General Public License for more details.
> + *
> + */
> +
> +#define pr_fmt(fmt)	"pgo: " fmt
> +
> +#include <linux/kernel.h>
> +#include <linux/debugfs.h>
> +#include <linux/fs.h>
> +#include <linux/module.h>
> +#include <linux/slab.h>
> +#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
> +#include "pgo.h"
> +
> +static struct dentry *directory;
> +
> +struct prf_private_data {
> +	void *buffer;
> +	unsigned long size;
> +};
> +
> +/*
> + * Raw profile data format:
> + *
> + *	- llvm_prf_header
> + *	- __llvm_prf_data
> + *	- __llvm_prf_cnts
> + *	- __llvm_prf_names
> + *	- zero padding to 8 bytes
> + *	- for each llvm_prf_data in __llvm_prf_data:
> + *		- llvm_prf_value_data
> + *			- llvm_prf_value_record + site count array
> + *				- llvm_prf_value_node_data
> + *				...
> + *			...
> + *		...
> + */
> +
> +static void prf_fill_header(void **buffer)
> +{
> +	struct llvm_prf_header *header = *(struct llvm_prf_header **)buffer;
> +
> +#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
> +	header->magic = LLVM_INSTR_PROF_RAW_MAGIC_64;
> +#else
> +	header->magic = LLVM_INSTR_PROF_RAW_MAGIC_32;
> +#endif
> +	header->version = LLVM_VARIANT_MASK_IR_PROF | LLVM_INSTR_PROF_RAW_VERSION;
> +	header->data_size = prf_data_count();
> +	header->padding_bytes_before_counters = 0;
> +	header->counters_size = prf_cnts_count();
> +	header->padding_bytes_after_counters = 0;
> +	header->names_size = prf_names_count();
> +	header->counters_delta = (u64)__llvm_prf_cnts_start;
> +	header->names_delta = (u64)__llvm_prf_names_start;
> +	header->value_kind_last = LLVM_INSTR_PROF_IPVK_LAST;
> +
> +	*buffer += sizeof(*header);
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Copy the source into the buffer, incrementing the pointer into buffer in the
> + * process.
> + */
> +static void prf_copy_to_buffer(void **buffer, void *src, unsigned long size)
> +{
> +	memcpy(*buffer, src, size);
> +	*buffer += size;
> +}
> +
> +static u32 __prf_get_value_size(struct llvm_prf_data *p, u32 *value_kinds)
> +{
> +	struct llvm_prf_value_node **nodes =
> +		(struct llvm_prf_value_node **)p->values;
> +	u32 kinds = 0;
> +	u32 size = 0;
> +	unsigned int kind;
> +	unsigned int n;
> +	unsigned int s = 0;
> +
> +	for (kind = 0; kind < ARRAY_SIZE(p->num_value_sites); kind++) {
> +		unsigned int sites = p->num_value_sites[kind];
> +
> +		if (!sites)
> +			continue;
> +
> +		/* Record + site count array */
> +		size += prf_get_value_record_size(sites);
> +		kinds++;
> +
> +		if (!nodes)
> +			continue;
> +
> +		for (n = 0; n < sites; n++) {
> +			u32 count = 0;
> +			struct llvm_prf_value_node *site = nodes[s + n];
> +
> +			while (site && ++count <= U8_MAX)
> +				site = site->next;
> +
> +			size += count *
> +				sizeof(struct llvm_prf_value_node_data);
> +		}
> +
> +		s += sites;
> +	}
> +
> +	if (size)
> +		size += sizeof(struct llvm_prf_value_data);
> +
> +	if (value_kinds)
> +		*value_kinds = kinds;
> +
> +	return size;
> +}
> +
> +static u32 prf_get_value_size(void)
> +{
> +	u32 size = 0;
> +	struct llvm_prf_data *p;
> +
> +	for (p = __llvm_prf_data_start; p < __llvm_prf_data_end; p++)
> +		size += __prf_get_value_size(p, NULL);
> +
> +	return size;
> +}
> +
> +/* Serialize the profiling's value. */
> +static void prf_serialize_value(struct llvm_prf_data *p, void **buffer)
> +{
> +	struct llvm_prf_value_data header;
> +	struct llvm_prf_value_node **nodes =
> +		(struct llvm_prf_value_node **)p->values;
> +	unsigned int kind;
> +	unsigned int n;
> +	unsigned int s = 0;
> +
> +	header.total_size = __prf_get_value_size(p, &header.num_value_kinds);
> +
> +	if (!header.num_value_kinds)
> +		/* Nothing to write. */
> +		return;
> +
> +	prf_copy_to_buffer(buffer, &header, sizeof(header));
> +
> +	for (kind = 0; kind < ARRAY_SIZE(p->num_value_sites); kind++) {
> +		struct llvm_prf_value_record *record;
> +		u8 *counts;
> +		unsigned int sites = p->num_value_sites[kind];
> +
> +		if (!sites)
> +			continue;
> +
> +		/* Profiling value record. */
> +		record = *(struct llvm_prf_value_record **)buffer;
> +		*buffer += prf_get_value_record_header_size();
> +
> +		record->kind = kind;
> +		record->num_value_sites = sites;
> +
> +		/* Site count array. */
> +		counts = *(u8 **)buffer;
> +		*buffer += prf_get_value_record_site_count_size(sites);
> +
> +		/*
> +		 * If we don't have nodes, we can skip updating the site count
> +		 * array, because the buffer is zero filled.
> +		 */
> +		if (!nodes)
> +			continue;
> +
> +		for (n = 0; n < sites; n++) {
> +			u32 count = 0;
> +			struct llvm_prf_value_node *site = nodes[s + n];
> +
> +			while (site && ++count <= U8_MAX) {
> +				prf_copy_to_buffer(buffer, site,
> +						   sizeof(struct llvm_prf_value_node_data));
> +				site = site->next;
> +			}
> +
> +			counts[n] = (u8)count;
> +		}
> +
> +		s += sites;
> +	}
> +}
> +
> +static void prf_serialize_values(void **buffer)
> +{
> +	struct llvm_prf_data *p;
> +
> +	for (p = __llvm_prf_data_start; p < __llvm_prf_data_end; p++)
> +		prf_serialize_value(p, buffer);
> +}
> +
> +static inline unsigned long prf_get_padding(unsigned long size)
> +{
> +	return 7 & (sizeof(u64) - size % sizeof(u64));
> +}
> +
> +static unsigned long prf_buffer_size(void)
> +{
> +	return sizeof(struct llvm_prf_header) +
> +			prf_data_size()	+
> +			prf_cnts_size() +
> +			prf_names_size() +
> +			prf_get_padding(prf_names_size()) +
> +			prf_get_value_size();
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Serialize the profiling data into a format LLVM's tools can understand.
> + * Note: caller *must* hold pgo_lock.
> + */
> +static int prf_serialize(struct prf_private_data *p)
> +{
> +	int err = 0;
> +	void *buffer;
> +
> +	p->size = prf_buffer_size();
> +	p->buffer = vzalloc(p->size);
> +
> +	if (!p->buffer) {
> +		err = -ENOMEM;
> +		goto out;
> +	}
> +
> +	buffer = p->buffer;
> +
> +	prf_fill_header(&buffer);
> +	prf_copy_to_buffer(&buffer, __llvm_prf_data_start,  prf_data_size());
> +	prf_copy_to_buffer(&buffer, __llvm_prf_cnts_start,  prf_cnts_size());
> +	prf_copy_to_buffer(&buffer, __llvm_prf_names_start, prf_names_size());
> +	buffer += prf_get_padding(prf_names_size());
> +
> +	prf_serialize_values(&buffer);
> +
> +out:
> +	return err;
> +}
> +
> +/* open() implementation for PGO. Creates a copy of the profiling data set. */
> +static int prf_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
> +{
> +	struct prf_private_data *data;
> +	unsigned long flags;
> +	int err;
> +
> +	data = kzalloc(sizeof(*data), GFP_KERNEL);
> +	if (!data) {
> +		err = -ENOMEM;
> +		goto out;
> +	}
> +
> +	flags = prf_lock();
> +
> +	err = prf_serialize(data);
> +	if (unlikely(err)) {
> +		kfree(data);
> +		goto out_unlock;
> +	}
> +
> +	file->private_data = data;
> +
> +out_unlock:
> +	prf_unlock(flags);
> +out:
> +	return err;
> +}
> +
> +/* read() implementation for PGO. */
> +static ssize_t prf_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t count,
> +			loff_t *ppos)
> +{
> +	struct prf_private_data *data = file->private_data;
> +
> +	BUG_ON(!data);
> +
> +	return simple_read_from_buffer(buf, count, ppos, data->buffer,
> +				       data->size);
> +}
> +
> +/* release() implementation for PGO. Release resources allocated by open(). */
> +static int prf_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
> +{
> +	struct prf_private_data *data = file->private_data;
> +
> +	if (data) {
> +		vfree(data->buffer);
> +		kfree(data);
> +	}
> +
> +	return 0;
> +}
> +
> +static const struct file_operations prf_fops = {
> +	.owner		= THIS_MODULE,
> +	.open		= prf_open,
> +	.read		= prf_read,
> +	.llseek		= default_llseek,
> +	.release	= prf_release
> +};
> +
> +/* write() implementation for resetting PGO's profile data. */
> +static ssize_t reset_write(struct file *file, const char __user *addr,
> +			   size_t len, loff_t *pos)
> +{
> +	struct llvm_prf_data *data;
> +
> +	memset(__llvm_prf_cnts_start, 0, prf_cnts_size());
> +
> +	for (data = __llvm_prf_data_start; data < __llvm_prf_data_end; data++) {
> +		struct llvm_prf_value_node **vnodes;
> +		u64 current_vsite_count;
> +		u32 i;
> +
> +		if (!data->values)
> +			continue;
> +
> +		current_vsite_count = 0;
> +		vnodes = (struct llvm_prf_value_node **)data->values;
> +
> +		for (i = LLVM_INSTR_PROF_IPVK_FIRST; i <= LLVM_INSTR_PROF_IPVK_LAST; i++)
> +			current_vsite_count += data->num_value_sites[i];
> +
> +		for (i = 0; i < current_vsite_count; i++) {
> +			struct llvm_prf_value_node *current_vnode = vnodes[i];
> +
> +			while (current_vnode) {
> +				current_vnode->count = 0;
> +				current_vnode = current_vnode->next;
> +			}
> +		}
> +	}
> +
> +	return len;
> +}
> +
> +static const struct file_operations prf_reset_fops = {
> +	.owner		= THIS_MODULE,
> +	.write		= reset_write,
> +	.llseek		= noop_llseek,
> +};
> +
> +/* Create debugfs entries. */
> +static int __init pgo_init(void)
> +{
> +	directory = debugfs_create_dir("pgo", NULL);
> +	if (!directory)
> +		goto err_remove;
> +
> +	if (!debugfs_create_file("profraw", 0600, directory, NULL,
> +				 &prf_fops))
> +		goto err_remove;
> +
> +	if (!debugfs_create_file("reset", 0200, directory, NULL,
> +				 &prf_reset_fops))
> +		goto err_remove;
> +
> +	return 0;
> +
> +err_remove:
> +	pr_err("initialization failed\n");
> +	return -EIO;
> +}
> +
> +/* Remove debugfs entries. */
> +static void __exit pgo_exit(void)
> +{
> +	debugfs_remove_recursive(directory);
> +}
> +
> +module_init(pgo_init);
> +module_exit(pgo_exit);
> diff --git a/kernel/pgo/instrument.c b/kernel/pgo/instrument.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..62ff5cfce7b1
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/kernel/pgo/instrument.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
> +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> +/*
> + * Copyright (C) 2019 Google, Inc.
> + *
> + * Author:
> + *	Sami Tolvanen <samitolvanen@xxxxxxxxxx>
> + *
> + * This software is licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public
> + * License version 2, as published by the Free Software Foundation, and
> + * may be copied, distributed, and modified under those terms.
> + *
> + * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
> + * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
> + * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
> + * GNU General Public License for more details.
> + *
> + */
> +
> +#define pr_fmt(fmt)	"pgo: " fmt
> +
> +#include <linux/bitops.h>
> +#include <linux/kernel.h>
> +#include <linux/export.h>
> +#include <linux/spinlock.h>
> +#include <linux/types.h>
> +#include "pgo.h"
> +
> +/*
> + * This lock guards both profile count updating and serialization of the
> + * profiling data. Keeping both of these activities separate via locking
> + * ensures that we don't try to serialize data that's only partially updated.
> + */
> +static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(pgo_lock);
> +static int current_node;
> +
> +unsigned long prf_lock(void)
> +{
> +	unsigned long flags;
> +
> +	spin_lock_irqsave(&pgo_lock, flags);
> +
> +	return flags;
> +}
> +
> +void prf_unlock(unsigned long flags)
> +{
> +	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pgo_lock, flags);
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Return a newly allocated profiling value node which contains the tracked
> + * value by the value profiler.
> + * Note: caller *must* hold pgo_lock.
> + */
> +static struct llvm_prf_value_node *allocate_node(struct llvm_prf_data *p,
> +						 u32 index, u64 value)
> +{
> +	if (&__llvm_prf_vnds_start[current_node + 1] >= __llvm_prf_vnds_end)
> +		return NULL; /* Out of nodes */
> +
> +	current_node++;
> +
> +	/* Make sure the node is entirely within the section */
> +	if (&__llvm_prf_vnds_start[current_node] >= __llvm_prf_vnds_end ||
> +	    &__llvm_prf_vnds_start[current_node + 1] > __llvm_prf_vnds_end)
> +		return NULL;
> +
> +	return &__llvm_prf_vnds_start[current_node];
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Counts the number of times a target value is seen.
> + *
> + * Records the target value for the index if not seen before. Otherwise,
> + * increments the counter associated w/ the target value.
> + */
> +void __llvm_profile_instrument_target(u64 target_value, void *data, u32 index);
> +void __llvm_profile_instrument_target(u64 target_value, void *data, u32 index)
> +{
> +	struct llvm_prf_data *p = (struct llvm_prf_data *)data;
> +	struct llvm_prf_value_node **counters;
> +	struct llvm_prf_value_node *curr;
> +	struct llvm_prf_value_node *min = NULL;
> +	struct llvm_prf_value_node *prev = NULL;
> +	u64 min_count = U64_MAX;
> +	u8 values = 0;
> +	unsigned long flags;
> +
> +	if (!p || !p->values)
> +		return;
> +
> +	counters = (struct llvm_prf_value_node **)p->values;
> +	curr = counters[index];
> +
> +	while (curr) {
> +		if (target_value == curr->value) {
> +			curr->count++;
> +			return;
> +		}
> +
> +		if (curr->count < min_count) {
> +			min_count = curr->count;
> +			min = curr;
> +		}
> +
> +		prev = curr;
> +		curr = curr->next;
> +		values++;
> +	}
> +
> +	if (values >= LLVM_INSTR_PROF_MAX_NUM_VAL_PER_SITE) {
> +		if (!min->count || !(--min->count)) {
> +			curr = min;
> +			curr->value = target_value;
> +			curr->count++;
> +		}
> +		return;
> +	}
> +
> +	/* Lock when updating the value node structure. */
> +	flags = prf_lock();
> +
> +	curr = allocate_node(p, index, target_value);
> +	if (!curr)
> +		goto out;
> +
> +	curr->value = target_value;
> +	curr->count++;
> +
> +	if (!counters[index])
> +		counters[index] = curr;
> +	else if (prev && !prev->next)
> +		prev->next = curr;
> +
> +out:
> +	prf_unlock(flags);
> +}
> +EXPORT_SYMBOL(__llvm_profile_instrument_target);
> +
> +/* Counts the number of times a range of targets values are seen. */
> +void __llvm_profile_instrument_range(u64 target_value, void *data,
> +				     u32 index, s64 precise_start,
> +				     s64 precise_last, s64 large_value);
> +void __llvm_profile_instrument_range(u64 target_value, void *data,
> +				     u32 index, s64 precise_start,
> +				     s64 precise_last, s64 large_value)
> +{
> +	if (large_value != S64_MIN && (s64)target_value >= large_value)
> +		target_value = large_value;
> +	else if ((s64)target_value < precise_start ||
> +		 (s64)target_value > precise_last)
> +		target_value = precise_last + 1;
> +
> +	__llvm_profile_instrument_target(target_value, data, index);
> +}
> +EXPORT_SYMBOL(__llvm_profile_instrument_range);
> +
> +static u64 inst_prof_get_range_rep_value(u64 value)
> +{
> +	if (value <= 8)
> +		/* The first ranges are individually tracked, use it as is. */
> +		return value;
> +	else if (value >= 513)
> +		/* The last range is mapped to its lowest value. */
> +		return 513;
> +	else if (hweight64(value) == 1)
> +		/* If it's a power of two, use it as is. */
> +		return value;
> +
> +	/* Otherwise, take to the previous power of two + 1. */
> +	return (1 << (64 - __builtin_clzll(value) - 1)) + 1;
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * The target values are partitioned into multiple ranges. The range spec is
> + * defined in compiler-rt/include/profile/InstrProfData.inc.
> + */
> +void __llvm_profile_instrument_memop(u64 target_value, void *data,
> +				     u32 counter_index);
> +void __llvm_profile_instrument_memop(u64 target_value, void *data,
> +				     u32 counter_index)
> +{
> +	u64 rep_value;
> +
> +	/* Map the target value to the representative value of its range. */
> +	rep_value = inst_prof_get_range_rep_value(target_value);
> +	__llvm_profile_instrument_target(rep_value, data, counter_index);
> +}
> +EXPORT_SYMBOL(__llvm_profile_instrument_memop);
> diff --git a/kernel/pgo/pgo.h b/kernel/pgo/pgo.h
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..ddc8d3002fe5
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/kernel/pgo/pgo.h
> @@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
> +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
> +/*
> + * Copyright (C) 2019 Google, Inc.
> + *
> + * Author:
> + *	Sami Tolvanen <samitolvanen@xxxxxxxxxx>
> + *
> + * This software is licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public
> + * License version 2, as published by the Free Software Foundation, and
> + * may be copied, distributed, and modified under those terms.
> + *
> + * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
> + * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
> + * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
> + * GNU General Public License for more details.
> + *
> + */
> +
> +#ifndef _PGO_H
> +#define _PGO_H
> +
> +/*
> + * Note: These internal LLVM definitions must match the compiler version.
> + * See llvm/include/llvm/ProfileData/InstrProfData.inc in LLVM's source code.
> + */
> +
> +#define LLVM_INSTR_PROF_RAW_MAGIC_64	\
> +		((u64)255 << 56 |	\
> +		 (u64)'l' << 48 |	\
> +		 (u64)'p' << 40 |	\
> +		 (u64)'r' << 32 |	\
> +		 (u64)'o' << 24 |	\
> +		 (u64)'f' << 16 |	\
> +		 (u64)'r' << 8  |	\
> +		 (u64)129)
> +#define LLVM_INSTR_PROF_RAW_MAGIC_32	\
> +		((u64)255 << 56 |	\
> +		 (u64)'l' << 48 |	\
> +		 (u64)'p' << 40 |	\
> +		 (u64)'r' << 32 |	\
> +		 (u64)'o' << 24 |	\
> +		 (u64)'f' << 16 |	\
> +		 (u64)'R' << 8  |	\
> +		 (u64)129)
> +
> +#define LLVM_INSTR_PROF_RAW_VERSION		5
> +#define LLVM_INSTR_PROF_DATA_ALIGNMENT		8
> +#define LLVM_INSTR_PROF_IPVK_FIRST		0
> +#define LLVM_INSTR_PROF_IPVK_LAST		1
> +#define LLVM_INSTR_PROF_MAX_NUM_VAL_PER_SITE	255
> +
> +#define LLVM_VARIANT_MASK_IR_PROF	(0x1ULL << 56)
> +#define LLVM_VARIANT_MASK_CSIR_PROF	(0x1ULL << 57)
> +
> +/**
> + * struct llvm_prf_header - represents the raw profile header data structure.
> + * @magic: the magic token for the file format.
> + * @version: the version of the file format.
> + * @data_size: the number of entries in the profile data section.
> + * @padding_bytes_before_counters: the number of padding bytes before the
> + *   counters.
> + * @counters_size: the size in bytes of the LLVM profile section containing the
> + *   counters.
> + * @padding_bytes_after_counters: the number of padding bytes after the
> + *   counters.
> + * @names_size: the size in bytes of the LLVM profile section containing the
> + *   counters' names.
> + * @counters_delta: the beginning of the LLMV profile counters section.
> + * @names_delta: the beginning of the LLMV profile names section.
> + * @value_kind_last: the last profile value kind.
> + */
> +struct llvm_prf_header {
> +	u64 magic;
> +	u64 version;
> +	u64 data_size;
> +	u64 padding_bytes_before_counters;
> +	u64 counters_size;
> +	u64 padding_bytes_after_counters;
> +	u64 names_size;
> +	u64 counters_delta;
> +	u64 names_delta;
> +	u64 value_kind_last;
> +};
> +
> +/**
> + * struct llvm_prf_data - represents the per-function control structure.
> + * @name_ref: the reference to the function's name.
> + * @func_hash: the hash value of the function.
> + * @counter_ptr: a pointer to the profile counter.
> + * @function_ptr: a pointer to the function.
> + * @values: the profiling values associated with this function.
> + * @num_counters: the number of counters in the function.
> + * @num_value_sites: the number of value profile sites.
> + */
> +struct llvm_prf_data {
> +	const u64 name_ref;
> +	const u64 func_hash;
> +	const void *counter_ptr;
> +	const void *function_ptr;
> +	void *values;
> +	const u32 num_counters;
> +	const u16 num_value_sites[LLVM_INSTR_PROF_IPVK_LAST + 1];
> +} __aligned(LLVM_INSTR_PROF_DATA_ALIGNMENT);
> +
> +/**
> + * structure llvm_prf_value_node_data - represents the data part of the struct
> + *   llvm_prf_value_node data structure.
> + * @value: the value counters.
> + * @count: the counters' count.
> + */
> +struct llvm_prf_value_node_data {
> +	u64 value;
> +	u64 count;
> +};
> +
> +/**
> + * struct llvm_prf_value_node - represents an internal data structure used by
> + *   the value profiler.
> + * @value: the value counters.
> + * @count: the counters' count.
> + * @next: the next value node.
> + */
> +struct llvm_prf_value_node {
> +	u64 value;
> +	u64 count;
> +	struct llvm_prf_value_node *next;
> +};
> +
> +/**
> + * struct llvm_prf_value_data - represents the value profiling data in indexed
> + *   format.
> + * @total_size: the total size in bytes including this field.
> + * @num_value_kinds: the number of value profile kinds that has value profile
> + *   data.
> + */
> +struct llvm_prf_value_data {
> +	u32 total_size;
> +	u32 num_value_kinds;
> +};
> +
> +/**
> + * struct llvm_prf_value_record - represents the on-disk layout of the value
> + *   profile data of a particular kind for one function.
> + * @kind: the kind of the value profile record.
> + * @num_value_sites: the number of value profile sites.
> + * @site_count_array: the first element of the array that stores the number
> + *   of profiled values for each value site.
> + */
> +struct llvm_prf_value_record {
> +	u32 kind;
> +	u32 num_value_sites;
> +	u8 site_count_array[];
> +};
> +
> +#define prf_get_value_record_header_size()		\
> +	offsetof(struct llvm_prf_value_record, site_count_array)
> +#define prf_get_value_record_site_count_size(sites)	\
> +	roundup((sites), 8)
> +#define prf_get_value_record_size(sites)		\
> +	(prf_get_value_record_header_size() +		\
> +	 prf_get_value_record_site_count_size((sites)))
> +
> +/* Data sections */
> +extern struct llvm_prf_data __llvm_prf_data_start[];
> +extern struct llvm_prf_data __llvm_prf_data_end[];
> +
> +extern u64 __llvm_prf_cnts_start[];
> +extern u64 __llvm_prf_cnts_end[];
> +
> +extern char __llvm_prf_names_start[];
> +extern char __llvm_prf_names_end[];
> +
> +extern struct llvm_prf_value_node __llvm_prf_vnds_start[];
> +extern struct llvm_prf_value_node __llvm_prf_vnds_end[];
> +
> +/* Locking for vnodes */
> +extern unsigned long prf_lock(void);
> +extern void prf_unlock(unsigned long flags);
> +
> +#define __DEFINE_PRF_SIZE(s) \
> +	static inline unsigned long prf_ ## s ## _size(void)		\
> +	{								\
> +		unsigned long start =					\
> +			(unsigned long)__llvm_prf_ ## s ## _start;	\
> +		unsigned long end =					\
> +			(unsigned long)__llvm_prf_ ## s ## _end;	\
> +		return roundup(end - start,				\
> +				sizeof(__llvm_prf_ ## s ## _start[0]));	\
> +	}								\
> +	static inline unsigned long prf_ ## s ## _count(void)		\
> +	{								\
> +		return prf_ ## s ## _size() /				\
> +			sizeof(__llvm_prf_ ## s ## _start[0]);		\
> +	}
> +
> +__DEFINE_PRF_SIZE(data);
> +__DEFINE_PRF_SIZE(cnts);
> +__DEFINE_PRF_SIZE(names);
> +__DEFINE_PRF_SIZE(vnds);
> +
> +#undef __DEFINE_PRF_SIZE
> +
> +#endif /* _PGO_H */
> diff --git a/scripts/Makefile.lib b/scripts/Makefile.lib
> index eee59184de64..48a65d092c5b 100644
> --- a/scripts/Makefile.lib
> +++ b/scripts/Makefile.lib
> @@ -139,6 +139,16 @@ _c_flags += $(if $(patsubst n%,, \
> 		$(CFLAGS_GCOV))
> endif
>
> +#
> +# Enable clang's PGO profiling flags for a file or directory depending on
> +# variables PGO_PROFILE_obj.o and PGO_PROFILE.
> +#
> +ifeq ($(CONFIG_PGO_CLANG),y)
> +_c_flags += $(if $(patsubst n%,, \
> +		$(PGO_PROFILE_$(basetarget).o)$(PGO_PROFILE)y), \
> +		$(CFLAGS_PGO_CLANG))
> +endif
> +
> #
> # Enable address sanitizer flags for kernel except some files or directories
> # we don't want to check (depends on variables KASAN_SANITIZE_obj.o, KASAN_SANITIZE)
> --
> 2.30.1.766.gb4fecdf3b7-goog
>
> --
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