Re: [PATCH v6 20/24] iio: buffer: add ioctl() to support opening extra buffers for IIO device

From: Alexandru Ardelean
Date: Wed Mar 24 2021 - 05:11:27 EST

On Tue, Mar 23, 2021 at 1:35 PM Jonathan Cameron
<Jonathan.Cameron@xxxxxxxxxx> wrote:
>
> On Tue, 23 Mar 2021 11:51:04 +0200
> Alexandru Ardelean <ardeleanalex@xxxxxxxxx> wrote:
>
> > On Sun, Mar 21, 2021 at 7:37 PM Jonathan Cameron
> > <jic23@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx> wrote:
> > >
> > > On Sat, 20 Mar 2021 17:41:00 +0000
> > > Jonathan Cameron <jic23@xxxxxxxxxx> wrote:
> > >
> > > > On Mon, 15 Mar 2021 09:58:08 +0000
> > > > "Sa, Nuno" <Nuno.Sa@xxxxxxxxxx> wrote:
> > > >
> > > > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > > > From: Alexandru Ardelean <ardeleanalex@xxxxxxxxx>
> > > > > > Sent: Saturday, March 6, 2021 6:01 PM
> > > > > > To: Jonathan Cameron <Jonathan.Cameron@xxxxxxxxxx>
> > > > > > Cc: Lars-Peter Clausen <lars@xxxxxxxxxx>; zzzzArdelean,
> > > > > > zzzzAlexandru <alexandru.Ardelean@xxxxxxxxxx>; LKML <linux-
> > > > > > kernel@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>; linux-iio <linux-iio@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>;
> > > > > > Hennerich, Michael <Michael.Hennerich@xxxxxxxxxx>; Jonathan
> > > > > > Cameron <jic23@xxxxxxxxxx>; Sa, Nuno <Nuno.Sa@xxxxxxxxxx>;
> > > > > > Bogdan, Dragos <Dragos.Bogdan@xxxxxxxxxx>
> > > > > > Subject: Re: [PATCH v6 20/24] iio: buffer: add ioctl() to support opening
> > > > > > extra buffers for IIO device
> > > > > >
> > > > > > [External]
> > > > > >
> > > > > > On Sun, Feb 28, 2021 at 9:00 PM Jonathan Cameron
> > > > > > <Jonathan.Cameron@xxxxxxxxxx> wrote:
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > On Sun, 28 Feb 2021 16:51:51 +0100
> > > > > > > Lars-Peter Clausen <lars@xxxxxxxxxx> wrote:
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > On 2/28/21 3:34 PM, Jonathan Cameron wrote:
> > > > > > > > > On Sun, 28 Feb 2021 09:51:38 +0100
> > > > > > > > > Lars-Peter Clausen <lars@xxxxxxxxxx> wrote:
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > >> On 2/15/21 11:40 AM, Alexandru Ardelean wrote:
> > > > > > > > >>> With this change, an ioctl() call is added to open a character
> > > > > > device for a
> > > > > > > > >>> buffer. The ioctl() number is 'i' 0x91, which follows the
> > > > > > > > >>> IIO_GET_EVENT_FD_IOCTL ioctl.
> > > > > > > > >>>
> > > > > > > > >>> The ioctl() will return an FD for the requested buffer index.
> > > > > > The indexes
> > > > > > > > >>> are the same from the /sys/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/bufferY
> > > > > > (i.e. the Y
> > > > > > > > >>> variable).
> > > > > > > > >>>
> > > > > > > > >>> Since there doesn't seem to be a sane way to return the FD for
> > > > > > buffer0 to
> > > > > > > > >>> be the same FD for the /dev/iio:deviceX, this ioctl() will return
> > > > > > another
> > > > > > > > >>> FD for buffer0 (or the first buffer). This duplicate FD will be
> > > > > > able to
> > > > > > > > >>> access the same buffer object (for buffer0) as accessing
> > > > > > directly the
> > > > > > > > >>> /dev/iio:deviceX chardev.
> > > > > > > > >>>
> > > > > > > > >>> Also, there is no IIO_BUFFER_GET_BUFFER_COUNT ioctl()
> > > > > > implemented, as the
> > > > > > > > >>> index for each buffer (and the count) can be deduced from
> > > > > > the
> > > > > > > > >>> '/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/bufferY' folders (i.e the
> > > > > > number of
> > > > > > > > >>> bufferY folders).
> > > > > > > > >>>
> > > > > > > > >>> Used following C code to test this:
> > > > > > > > >>> -------------------------------------------------------------------
> > > > > > > > >>>
> > > > > > > > >>> #include <stdio.h>
> > > > > > > > >>> #include <stdlib.h>
> > > > > > > > >>> #include <unistd.h>
> > > > > > > > >>> #include <sys/ioctl.h>
> > > > > > > > >>> #include <fcntl.h"
> > > > > > > > >>> #include <errno.h>
> > > > > > > > >>>
> > > > > > > > >>> #define IIO_BUFFER_GET_FD_IOCTL _IOWR('i', 0x91, int)
> > > > > > > > >>>
> > > > > > > > >>> int main(int argc, char *argv[])
> > > > > > > > >>> {
> > > > > > > > >>> int fd;
> > > > > > > > >>> int fd1;
> > > > > > > > >>> int ret;
> > > > > > > > >>>
> > > > > > > > >>> if ((fd = open("/dev/iio:device0", O_RDWR))<0) {
> > > > > > > > >>> fprintf(stderr, "Error open() %d errno %d\n",fd,
> > > > > > errno);
> > > > > > > > >>> return -1;
> > > > > > > > >>> }
> > > > > > > > >>>
> > > > > > > > >>> fprintf(stderr, "Using FD %d\n", fd);
> > > > > > > > >>>
> > > > > > > > >>> fd1 = atoi(argv[1]);
> > > > > > > > >>>
> > > > > > > > >>> ret = ioctl(fd, IIO_BUFFER_GET_FD_IOCTL, &fd1);
> > > > > > > > >>> if (ret < 0) {
> > > > > > > > >>> fprintf(stderr, "Error for buffer %d ioctl() %d errno
> > > > > > %d\n", fd1, ret, errno);
> > > > > > > > >>> close(fd);
> > > > > > > > >>> return -1;
> > > > > > > > >>> }
> > > > > > > > >>>
> > > > > > > > >>> fprintf(stderr, "Got FD %d\n", fd1);
> > > > > > > > >>>
> > > > > > > > >>> close(fd1);
> > > > > > > > >>> close(fd);
> > > > > > > > >>>
> > > > > > > > >>> return 0;
> > > > > > > > >>> }
> > > > > > > > >>> -------------------------------------------------------------------
> > > > > > > > >>>
> > > > > > > > >>> Results are:
> > > > > > > > >>> -------------------------------------------------------------------
> > > > > > > > >>> # ./test 0
> > > > > > > > >>> Using FD 3
> > > > > > > > >>> Got FD 4
> > > > > > > > >>>
> > > > > > > > >>> # ./test 1
> > > > > > > > >>> Using FD 3
> > > > > > > > >>> Got FD 4
> > > > > > > > >>>
> > > > > > > > >>> # ./test 2
> > > > > > > > >>> Using FD 3
> > > > > > > > >>> Got FD 4
> > > > > > > > >>>
> > > > > > > > >>> # ./test 3
> > > > > > > > >>> Using FD 3
> > > > > > > > >>> Got FD 4
> > > > > > > > >>>
> > > > > > > > >>> # ls /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio\:device0
> > > > > > > > >>> buffer buffer0 buffer1 buffer2 buffer3 dev
> > > > > > > > >>> in_voltage_sampling_frequency in_voltage_scale
> > > > > > > > >>> in_voltage_scale_available
> > > > > > > > >>> name of_node power scan_elements subsystem uevent
> > > > > > > > >>> -------------------------------------------------------------------
> > > > > > > > >>>
> > > > > > > > >>> iio:device0 has some fake kfifo buffers attached to an IIO
> > > > > > device.
> > > > > > > > >> For me there is one major problem with this approach. We only
> > > > > > allow one
> > > > > > > > >> application to open /dev/iio:deviceX at a time. This means we
> > > > > > can't have
> > > > > > > > >> different applications access different buffers of the same
> > > > > > device. I
> > > > > > > > >> believe this is a circuital feature.
> > > > > > > > > Thats not quite true (I think - though I've not tested it). What we
> > > > > > don't
> > > > > > > > > allow is for multiple processes to access them in an unaware
> > > > > > fashion.
> > > > > > > > > My assumption is we can rely on fork + fd passing via appropriate
> > > > > > sockets.
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > >> It is possible to open the chardev, get the annonfd, close the
> > > > > > chardev
> > > > > > > > >> and keep the annonfd open. Then the next application can do
> > > > > > the same and
> > > > > > > > >> get access to a different buffer. But this has room for race
> > > > > > conditions
> > > > > > > > >> when two applications try this at the very same time.
> > > > > > > > >>
> > > > > > > > >> We need to somehow address this.
> > > > > > > > > I'd count this as a bug :). It could be safely done in a particular
> > > > > > custom
> > > > > > > > > system but in general it opens a can of worm.
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > >> I'm also not much of a fan of using ioctls to create annon fds. In
> > > > > > part
> > > > > > > > >> because all the standard mechanisms for access control no
> > > > > > longer work.
> > > > > > > > > The inability to trivially have multiple processes open the anon
> > > > > > fds
> > > > > > > > > without care is one of the things I like most about them.
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > IIO drivers and interfaces really aren't designed for multiple
> > > > > > unaware
> > > > > > > > > processes to access them. We don't have per process controls
> > > > > > for device
> > > > > > > > > wide sysfs attributes etc. In general, it would be hard to
> > > > > > > > > do due to the complexity of modeling all the interactions
> > > > > > between the
> > > > > > > > > different interfaces (events / buffers / sysfs access) in a generic
> > > > > > fashion.
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > As such, the model, in my head at least, is that we only want a
> > > > > > single
> > > > > > > > > process to ever be responsible for access control. That process
> > > > > > can then
> > > > > > > > > assign access to children or via a deliberate action (I think passing
> > > > > > the
> > > > > > > > > anon fd over a unix socket should work for example). The intent
> > > > > > being
> > > > > > > > > that it is also responsible for mediating access to infrastructure
> > > > > > that
> > > > > > > > > multiple child processes all want to access.
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > As such, having one chrdev isn't a disadvantage because only one
> > > > > > process
> > > > > > > > > should ever open it at a time. This same process also handles the
> > > > > > > > > resource / control mediation. Therefore we should only have
> > > > > > one file
> > > > > > > > > exposed for all the standard access control mechanisms.
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > Hm, I see your point, but I'm not convinced.
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > Having to have explicit synchronization makes it difficult to mix and
> > > > > > > > match. E.g. at ADI a popular use case for testing was to run some
> > > > > > signal
> > > > > > > > generator application on the TX buffer and some signal analyzer
> > > > > > > > application on the RX buffer.
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > Both can be launched independently and there can be different
> > > > > > types of
> > > > > > > > generator and analyzer applications. Having to have a 3rd
> > > > > > application to
> > > > > > > > arbitrate access makes this quite cumbersome. And I'm afraid that
> > > > > > in
> > > > > > > > reality people might just stick with the two devices model just to
> > > > > > avoid
> > > > > > > > this restriction.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > I'd argue that's a problem best tackled in a library - though it's a bit
> > > > > > > fiddly. It ought to be possible to make it invisible that this level
> > > > > > > of sharing is going on. The management process you describe would
> > > > > > probably
> > > > > > > be a thread running inside the first process to try and access a given
> > > > > > device.
> > > > > > > A second process failing to open the file with -EBUSY then connects
> > > > > > to
> > > > > > > appropriate socket (via path in /tmp or similar) and asks for the FD.
> > > > > > > There are race conditions that might make it fail, but a retry loop
> > > > > > should
> > > > > > > deal with those.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > I agree people might just stick to a two device model and if the
> > > > > > devices
> > > > > > > are independent enough I'm not sure that is the wrong way to
> > > > > > approach the
> > > > > > > problem. It represents the independence and that the driver is
> > > > > > being careful
> > > > > > > that it both can and is safely handle independent simultaneous
> > > > > > accessors.
> > > > > > > We are always going to have some drivers doing that anyway
> > > > > > because they've
> > > > > > > already been doing that for years.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > > > This is the last of the 3 patches that I need to re-spin after Lars' review.
> > > > > > I have a good handle on the small stuff.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > I'm not sure about the race-condition about which Lars was talking
> > > > > > about.
> > > > > > I mean, I get the problem, but is it a problem that we should fix in the
> > > > > > kernel?
> > > > >
> > > > > Hi all,
> > > > >
> > > > > FWIW, I think that this really depends on the chosen ABI. If we do use
> > > > > the ioctl to return the buffer fd and just allow one app to hold the chardev
> > > > > at a time, I agree with Alex that this is not really a race and is just something
> > > > > that userspace needs to deal with....
> > > > >
> > > > > That said and giving my superficial (I did not really read the full series) piece on this,
> > > > > I get both Lars and Jonathan points and, personally, it feels that the most natural thing
> > > > > would be to have a chardev per buffer...
> > > > >
> > > > > On the other hand, AFAIC, events are also being handled in the same chardev as
> > > > > buffers, which makes things harder in terms of consistency... Events are per device
> > > > > and not per buffers right? My point is that, to have a chardev per buffer, it would make
> > > > > sense to detach events from the buffer stuff and that seems to be not doable without
> > > > > breaking ABI (we would probably need to assume that events and buffer0 are on the
> > > > > same chardev).
> > > >
> > > > Events are interesting as there is no particular reason to assume the driver
> > > > handling buffer0 is the right one to deal with them. It might just as easily
> > > > be the case that they are of interest to a process that is concerned with buffer1.
> > > >
> > > > To add a bit more flavour to my earlier comments.
> > > >
> > > > I'm still concerned that if we did do multiple /dev/* files it would allow code
> > > > to think it has complete control over the device when it really doesn't.
> > > > Events are just one aspect of that.
> > > >
> > > > We have had discussions in the past about allowing multiple userspace consumers
> > > > for a single buffer, but the conclusion there was that was a job for userspace
> > > > (daemon or similar) software which can deal with control inter dependencies etc.
> > > >
> > > > There are already potential messy corners we don't handle for userspace
> > > > iio buffers vs in kernel users (what happens if they both try to control the
> > > > sampling frequency?) I'm not keen to broaden this problem set.
> > > > If a device genuinely has separate control and pipelines for different
> > > > buffers then we are probably better representing that cleanly as
> > > > an mfd type layer and two separate IIO devices. Its effectively the
> > > > same a multi chip package.
> > > >
> > > > A more classic multibuffer usecase is the one where you have related
> > > > datastreams that run at different rates (often happens in devices with
> > > > tagged FIFO elements). These are tightly coupled but we need to split
> > > > the data stream (or add tagging to our FIFOs.). Another case would be
> > > > DMA based device that puts channels into buffers that are entirely
> > > > separate in memory address rather than interleaved.
> > > >
> > > > So I still need to put together a PoC, but it feels like there are various
> > > > software models that will give the illusion of there being separate
> > > > /dev/* files, but with an aspect of control being possible.
> > > >
> > > > 1. Daemon, if present that can hand off chardevs to who needs them
> > > > 2. Library to make the first user of the buffer responsible for providing
> > > > service to other users. Yes there are races, but I don't think they
> > > > are hard to deal in normal usecases. (retry loops)
> > >
> > > Hi Nuno / Others,
> > >
> > > Nuno's mention of things being similar for the event anon
> > > FD to the situation for the buffer anon FDs made me realise there was
> > > a horrible short cut to a proof of concept that didn't require me
> > > to wire up a multiple buffer device.
> > >
> > > Upshot, is that I've just sent out a (definitely not for merging)
> > > hacked up version of the iio_event_monitor that can act as server
> > > or client. The idea is that the socket handling looks a bit
> > > like what I'd expect to see hidden away in a library so as to
> > > allow
> > >
> > > 1) Client 1 is after buffer 3.
> > > It tries to open the /dev/iio\:deviceX chrdev and succeeds.
> > > It spins up a thread with a listening socket for /tmp/iio\:deviceX-magic
> > > Continues in main thread to request buffer 3.
> > > 2) Client 2 is after buffer 2
> > > I tries to open the /dev/iio\:deviceX chrdev and fails.
> > > It sleeps a moment (reduces chance of race with client 1)
> > > It opens a connection to the socket via /tmp/iio\:deviceX-magic
> > > Sends a request for the buffer 2 FD.
> > > Thread in Client 1 calls the ioctl to get the buffer 2 FD which
> > > it then sends on to Client 2 which can use it as if it had
> > > requested it directly.
> > >
> > > We might want to have a generic server version as well that doesn't
> > > itself make use of any of the buffers as keeps the model more symmetric
> > > and reduce common corner cases.
> > >
> > > Anyhow the code I put together is terrible, but I wasn't 100% sure
> > > there weren't any issues passing anon fd file handles and this shows
> > > that at least in theory the approach I proposed above works.
> > >
> > > Test is something like
> > > ./iio_events_network /dev/iio\:device1
> > > ./iio_events_network -c
> > >
> > > Then make some events happen (I was using the dummy driver and
> > > the event generator associated with that).
> > > The server in this PoC just quits after handling off the FD.
> >
> > The whole code looks good functionally.
> > If there are any race issues [as discussed here], they can be handled
> > in the server code.
> > And if this is the model we try to enforce/propose in userspace, then
> > all should be fine.
> >
> >
> > Continuing a bit with the original IIO buffer ioctl(), I talked to
> > Lars a bit over IRC.
> > And there was an idea/suggestion to maybe use a struct to pass more
> > information to the buffer FD.
> >
> > So, right now the ioctl() just returns an FD.
> > Would it be worth to extend this to a struct?
> > What I'm worried about is that it opens the discussion to add more
> > stuff to that struct.
> >
> > so now, it would be:
> >
> > struct iio_buffer_ioctl_data {
> > __u32 fd;
> > __u32 flags; // flags for the new FD, which maybe we
> > could also pass via fcntl()
> > }
> >
> > anything else that we would need?
>
> I have a vague recollection that is is almost always worth adding
> some padding to such ioctl data coming out of the kernel. Gives
> flexibility to safely add more stuff later without userspace
> failing to allocate enough space etc.
>
> I'm curious though, because this feels backwards. I'd expect the
> flags to be more useful passed into the ioctl? i.e. request
> a non blocking FD? Might want to mirror that back again of course.

Personally, I don't know.
I don't have any experiences on this.

So, then I'll do a change to this ioctl() to use a struct.
We can probably add some reserved space?

struct iio_buffer_ioctl_data {
__u32 fd;
__u32 flags;
__u32 reserved1;
__u32 reserved2;
}

Lars was giving me some articles about ioctls.
One idea was to maybe consider making them multiples of 64 bits.

But reading through one of the docs here:
https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/driver-api/ioctl.html#interface-versions
it discourages to do interface versions.

But I guess if we plan ahead with some reserved space, it might be
somewhat fine.

I'm still a little green on this stuff.

>
> Jonathan
>
>
> >
> > >
> > > Jonathan
> > >
> > > >
> > > > Jonathan
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > - Nuno Sá
> > > >
> > >
>