[PATCH] testing/selftests: replace deprecated "which" with "command -v"
From: Andrea Righi
Date: Thu Nov 04 2021 - 10:18:17 EST
As /usr/share/doc/debianutils/NEWS.Debian.gz says:
* The 'which' utility will be removed in the future. Shell scripts
often use it to check whether a command is available. A more
standard way to do this is with 'command -v'; for example:
if command -v update-icon-caches >/dev/null; then
update-icon-caches /usr/share/icons/...
fi
'2>/dev/null' is unnecessary when using 'command': POSIX says "no
output shall be written" if the command isn't found. It's also
unnecessary for the debianutils version of 'which', and hides the
deprecation warning.
Starting with debianutils 5.4 "which" is spitting out the following
warning:
this version of `which' is deprecated; use `command -v' in scripts instead
Start to transition from "which" to "command -v" in the selftests
scripts.
Signed-off-by: Andrea Righi <andrea.righi@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
---
tools/testing/selftests/bpf/network_helpers.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_flow_dissector.sh | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_xdp_redirect_multi.sh | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_xdp_vlan.sh | 6 +++---
tools/testing/selftests/bpf/vmtest.sh | 4 ++--
tools/testing/selftests/firmware/fw_lib.sh | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/fpu/run_test_fpu.sh | 2 +-
.../testing/selftests/ftrace/test.d/selftest/bashisms.tc | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/ftrace/test.d/tracer/wakeup.tc | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/ftrace/test.d/tracer/wakeup_rt.tc | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/kexec/test_kexec_file_load.sh | 4 ++--
tools/testing/selftests/kmod/kmod.sh | 4 ++--
tools/testing/selftests/net/fcnal-test.sh | 4 ++--
tools/testing/selftests/net/fib_nexthop_multiprefix.sh | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/net/fib_tests.sh | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/net/icmp_redirect.sh | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/net/l2tp.sh | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/net/pmtu.sh | 8 ++++----
tools/testing/selftests/net/unicast_extensions.sh | 4 ++--
tools/testing/selftests/net/vrf-xfrm-tests.sh | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/netfilter/ipip-conntrack-mtu.sh | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/netfilter/nft_conntrack_helper.sh | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/netfilter/nft_flowtable.sh | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/scripts/hmi.sh | 6 +++---
tools/testing/selftests/sysctl/sysctl.sh | 6 +++---
tools/testing/selftests/vm/test_hmm.sh | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/vm/test_vmalloc.sh | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/zram/zram_lib.sh | 2 +-
28 files changed, 42 insertions(+), 42 deletions(-)
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/network_helpers.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/network_helpers.c
index 6db1af8fdee7..972e6984f668 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/network_helpers.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/network_helpers.c
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ char *ping_command(int family)
{
if (family == AF_INET6) {
/* On some systems 'ping' doesn't support IPv6, so use ping6 if it is present. */
- if (!system("which ping6 >/dev/null 2>&1"))
+ if (!system("command -v ping6 >/dev/null 2>&1"))
return "ping6";
else
return "ping -6";
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_flow_dissector.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_flow_dissector.sh
index dbd91221727d..a6469aa01ad5 100755
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_flow_dissector.sh
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_flow_dissector.sh
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ fi
# namespace.
if [[ -z $(ip netns identify $$) ]]; then
err=0
- if bpftool="$(which bpftool)"; then
+ if bpftool="$(command -v bpftool)"; then
echo "Testing global flow dissector..."
$bpftool prog loadall ./bpf_flow.o /sys/fs/bpf/flow \
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_xdp_redirect_multi.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_xdp_redirect_multi.sh
index 351955c2bdfd..1e9b99a9b180 100755
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_xdp_redirect_multi.sh
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_xdp_redirect_multi.sh
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ check_env()
exit 4
fi
- which tcpdump &>/dev/null
+ command -v tcpdump &>/dev/null
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
echo "selftests: [SKIP] Could not run test without tcpdump"
exit 4
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_xdp_vlan.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_xdp_vlan.sh
index 0cbc7604a2f8..83bd88aa0aa8 100755
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_xdp_vlan.sh
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_xdp_vlan.sh
@@ -134,9 +134,9 @@ fi
set -e
# Some shell-tools dependencies
-which ip > /dev/null
-which tc > /dev/null
-which ethtool > /dev/null
+command -v ip > /dev/null
+command -v tc > /dev/null
+command -v ethtool > /dev/null
# Make rest of shell verbose, showing comments as doc/info
if [ -n "$VERBOSE" ]; then
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/vmtest.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/vmtest.sh
index 027198768fad..37f8ce59cce0 100755
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/vmtest.sh
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/vmtest.sh
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ download_rootfs()
local rootfsversion="$1"
local dir="$2"
- if ! which zstd &> /dev/null; then
+ if ! command -v zstd &> /dev/null; then
echo 'Could not find "zstd" on the system, please install zstd'
exit 1
fi
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ run_vm()
local kernel_bzimage="$1"
local rootfs_img="${OUTPUT_DIR}/${ROOTFS_IMAGE}"
- if ! which "${QEMU_BINARY}" &> /dev/null; then
+ if ! command -v "${QEMU_BINARY}" &> /dev/null; then
cat <<EOF
Could not find ${QEMU_BINARY}
Please install qemu or set the QEMU_BINARY environment variable.
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/firmware/fw_lib.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/firmware/fw_lib.sh
index 5b8c0fedee76..ac90c288f1fe 100755
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/firmware/fw_lib.sh
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/firmware/fw_lib.sh
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ check_setup()
OLD_FWPATH="$(cat /sys/module/firmware_class/parameters/path)"
if [ "$HAS_FW_LOADER_COMPRESS" = "yes" ]; then
- if ! which xz 2> /dev/null > /dev/null; then
+ if ! command -v xz 2> /dev/null > /dev/null; then
HAS_FW_LOADER_COMPRESS=""
fi
fi
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/fpu/run_test_fpu.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/fpu/run_test_fpu.sh
index d77be93ec139..67f45a0f9ffe 100755
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/fpu/run_test_fpu.sh
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/fpu/run_test_fpu.sh
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ if [ $uid -ne 0 ]; then
exit 1
fi
-if ! which modprobe > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+if ! command -v modprobe > /dev/null 2>&1; then
echo "$0: You need modprobe installed"
exit 4
fi
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/ftrace/test.d/selftest/bashisms.tc b/tools/testing/selftests/ftrace/test.d/selftest/bashisms.tc
index 1b081e910e14..1082287b66fd 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/ftrace/test.d/selftest/bashisms.tc
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/ftrace/test.d/selftest/bashisms.tc
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ if [ ! -f $FTRACETEST_ROOT/ftracetest ]; then
exit_unresolved
fi
-if ! which checkbashisms > /dev/null 2>&1 ; then
+if ! command -v checkbashisms > /dev/null 2>&1 ; then
echo "No checkbashisms found. skipped."
exit_unresolved
fi
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/ftrace/test.d/tracer/wakeup.tc b/tools/testing/selftests/ftrace/test.d/tracer/wakeup.tc
index 11be10e1bf96..868c70817e1c 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/ftrace/test.d/tracer/wakeup.tc
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/ftrace/test.d/tracer/wakeup.tc
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
# description: Test wakeup tracer
# requires: wakeup:tracer
-if ! which chrt ; then
+if ! command -v chrt ; then
echo "chrt is not found. This test requires nice command."
exit_unresolved
fi
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/ftrace/test.d/tracer/wakeup_rt.tc b/tools/testing/selftests/ftrace/test.d/tracer/wakeup_rt.tc
index 3a77198b3c69..91f534559c7f 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/ftrace/test.d/tracer/wakeup_rt.tc
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/ftrace/test.d/tracer/wakeup_rt.tc
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
# description: Test wakeup RT tracer
# requires: wakeup_rt:tracer
-if ! which chrt ; then
+if ! command -v chrt ; then
echo "chrt is not found. This test requires chrt command."
exit_unresolved
fi
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kexec/test_kexec_file_load.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/kexec/test_kexec_file_load.sh
index 2ff600388c30..cebdf5b495b6 100755
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kexec/test_kexec_file_load.sh
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kexec/test_kexec_file_load.sh
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ is_ima_sig_required()
# Return 1 for PE signature found and 0 for not found.
check_for_pesig()
{
- which pesign > /dev/null 2>&1 || log_skip "pesign not found"
+ command -v pesign > /dev/null 2>&1 || log_skip "pesign not found"
pesign -i $KERNEL_IMAGE --show-signature | grep -q "No signatures"
local ret=$?
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ check_for_imasig()
{
local ret=0
- which getfattr > /dev/null 2>&1
+ command -v getfattr > /dev/null 2>&1
if [ $? -eq 1 ]; then
log_skip "getfattr not found"
fi
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kmod/kmod.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/kmod/kmod.sh
index afd42387e8b2..8147e72790f2 100755
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kmod/kmod.sh
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kmod/kmod.sh
@@ -110,12 +110,12 @@ function allow_user_defaults()
test_reqs()
{
- if ! which modprobe 2> /dev/null > /dev/null; then
+ if ! command -v modprobe 2> /dev/null > /dev/null; then
echo "$0: You need modprobe installed" >&2
exit $ksft_skip
fi
- if ! which kmod 2> /dev/null > /dev/null; then
+ if ! command -v kmod 2> /dev/null > /dev/null; then
echo "$0: You need kmod installed" >&2
exit $ksft_skip
fi
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/fcnal-test.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/net/fcnal-test.sh
index 3313566ce906..f4bafa9ffdf7 100755
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/net/fcnal-test.sh
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/fcnal-test.sh
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ NSA_CMD="ip netns exec ${NSA}"
NSB_CMD="ip netns exec ${NSB}"
NSC_CMD="ip netns exec ${NSC}"
-which ping6 > /dev/null 2>&1 && ping6=$(which ping6) || ping6=$(which ping)
+command -v ping6 > /dev/null 2>&1 && ping6=$(command -v ping6) || ping6=$(command -v ping)
################################################################################
# utilities
@@ -4037,7 +4037,7 @@ elif [ "$TESTS" = "ipv6" ]; then
TESTS="$TESTS_IPV6"
fi
-which nettest >/dev/null
+command -v nettest >/dev/null
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
echo "'nettest' command not found; skipping tests"
exit $ksft_skip
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/fib_nexthop_multiprefix.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/net/fib_nexthop_multiprefix.sh
index 51df5e305855..4f7dd3f99209 100755
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/net/fib_nexthop_multiprefix.sh
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/fib_nexthop_multiprefix.sh
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
PAUSE_ON_FAIL=no
VERBOSE=0
-which ping6 > /dev/null 2>&1 && ping6=$(which ping6) || ping6=$(which ping)
+command -v ping6 > /dev/null 2>&1 && ping6=$(command -v ping6) || ping6=$(command -v ping)
################################################################################
# helpers
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/fib_tests.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/net/fib_tests.sh
index 5abe92d55b69..17fda5db85e0 100755
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/net/fib_tests.sh
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/fib_tests.sh
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ PAUSE=no
IP="ip -netns ns1"
NS_EXEC="ip netns exec ns1"
-which ping6 > /dev/null 2>&1 && ping6=$(which ping6) || ping6=$(which ping)
+command -v ping6 > /dev/null 2>&1 && ping6=$(command -v ping6) || ping6=$(command -v ping)
log_test()
{
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/icmp_redirect.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/net/icmp_redirect.sh
index ecbf57f264ed..42c073658e3c 100755
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/net/icmp_redirect.sh
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/icmp_redirect.sh
@@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ EOF
# main
# Some systems don't have a ping6 binary anymore
-which ping6 > /dev/null 2>&1 && ping6=$(which ping6) || ping6=$(which ping)
+command -v ping6 > /dev/null 2>&1 && ping6=$(command -v ping6) || ping6=$(command -v ping)
ret=0
nsuccess=0
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/l2tp.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/net/l2tp.sh
index 5782433886fc..a79f30f4d5ba 100755
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/net/l2tp.sh
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/l2tp.sh
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
VERBOSE=0
PAUSE_ON_FAIL=no
-which ping6 > /dev/null 2>&1 && ping6=$(which ping6) || ping6=$(which ping)
+command -v ping6 > /dev/null 2>&1 && ping6=$(command -v ping6) || ping6=$(command -v ping)
################################################################################
#
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/pmtu.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/net/pmtu.sh
index 543ad7513a8e..609c682e78cf 100755
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/net/pmtu.sh
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/pmtu.sh
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ VERBOSE=0
TRACING=0
# Some systems don't have a ping6 binary anymore
-which ping6 > /dev/null 2>&1 && ping6=$(which ping6) || ping6=$(which ping)
+command -v ping6 > /dev/null 2>&1 && ping6=$(command -v ping6) || ping6=$(command -v ping)
# Name Description re-run with nh
tests="
@@ -661,7 +661,7 @@ setup_xfrm() {
}
setup_nettest_xfrm() {
- which nettest >/dev/null
+ command -v nettest >/dev/null
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
echo "'nettest' command not found; skipping tests"
return 1
@@ -1777,7 +1777,7 @@ test_pmtu_vti6_link_change_mtu() {
check_command() {
cmd=${1}
- if ! which ${cmd} > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+ if ! command -v ${cmd} > /dev/null 2>&1; then
err " missing required command: '${cmd}'"
return 1
fi
@@ -2072,7 +2072,7 @@ do
case $o in
p) PAUSE_ON_FAIL=yes;;
v) VERBOSE=1;;
- t) if which tcpdump > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+ t) if command -v tcpdump > /dev/null 2>&1; then
TRACING=1
else
echo "=== tcpdump not available, tracing disabled"
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/unicast_extensions.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/net/unicast_extensions.sh
index 2d10ccac898a..afcc7f15b67e 100755
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/net/unicast_extensions.sh
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/unicast_extensions.sh
@@ -32,9 +32,9 @@
ksft_skip=4
# nettest can be run from PATH or from same directory as this selftest
-if ! which nettest >/dev/null; then
+if ! command -v nettest >/dev/null; then
PATH=$PWD:$PATH
- if ! which nettest >/dev/null; then
+ if ! command -v nettest >/dev/null; then
echo "'nettest' command not found; skipping tests"
exit $ksft_skip
fi
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/vrf-xfrm-tests.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/net/vrf-xfrm-tests.sh
index 184da81f554f..04b6dd78137d 100755
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/net/vrf-xfrm-tests.sh
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/vrf-xfrm-tests.sh
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ ENC_2=0x3fb07ac2a91f0347dffeacf62fc46c20f8048be9725930ff
SPI_1=0x02122b77
SPI_2=0x2b770212
-which ping6 > /dev/null 2>&1 && ping6=$(which ping6) || ping6=$(which ping)
+command -v ping6 > /dev/null 2>&1 && ping6=$(command -v ping6) || ping6=$(command -v ping)
################################################################################
#
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/netfilter/ipip-conntrack-mtu.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/netfilter/ipip-conntrack-mtu.sh
index 4a6f5c3b3215..a2e08e71d0bf 100755
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/netfilter/ipip-conntrack-mtu.sh
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/netfilter/ipip-conntrack-mtu.sh
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ checktool (){
checktool "iptables --version" "run test without iptables"
checktool "ip -Version" "run test without ip tool"
-checktool "which nc" "run test without nc (netcat)"
+checktool "command -v nc" "run test without nc (netcat)"
checktool "ip netns add ${r_a}" "create net namespace"
for n in ${r_b} ${r_w} ${c_a} ${c_b};do
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/netfilter/nft_conntrack_helper.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/netfilter/nft_conntrack_helper.sh
index bf6b9626c7dd..17b3f699dc6b 100755
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/netfilter/nft_conntrack_helper.sh
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/netfilter/nft_conntrack_helper.sh
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
exit $ksft_skip
fi
-which nc >/dev/null 2>&1
+command -v nc >/dev/null 2>&1
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
echo "SKIP: Could not run test without netcat tool"
exit $ksft_skip
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/netfilter/nft_flowtable.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/netfilter/nft_flowtable.sh
index d4ffebb989f8..bcb3e547f639 100755
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/netfilter/nft_flowtable.sh
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/netfilter/nft_flowtable.sh
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ checktool (){
checktool "nft --version" "run test without nft tool"
checktool "ip -Version" "run test without ip tool"
-checktool "which nc" "run test without nc (netcat)"
+checktool "command -v nc" "run test without nc (netcat)"
checktool "ip netns add nsr1" "create net namespace"
ip netns add ns1
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/scripts/hmi.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/scripts/hmi.sh
index dcdb392e8427..f4efc282604f 100755
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/scripts/hmi.sh
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/powerpc/scripts/hmi.sh
@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@
if [ -x ./getscom ] && [ -x ./putscom ]; then
GETSCOM=./getscom
PUTSCOM=./putscom
-elif which getscom > /dev/null; then
- GETSCOM=$(which getscom)
- PUTSCOM=$(which putscom)
+elif command -v getscom > /dev/null; then
+ GETSCOM=$(command -v getscom)
+ PUTSCOM=$(command -v putscom)
else
cat <<EOF
Can't find getscom/putscom in . or \$PATH.
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/sysctl/sysctl.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/sysctl/sysctl.sh
index 19515dcb7d04..582d550c82c6 100755
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/sysctl/sysctl.sh
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/sysctl/sysctl.sh
@@ -97,15 +97,15 @@ test_reqs()
exit $ksft_skip
fi
- if ! which perl 2> /dev/null > /dev/null; then
+ if ! command -v perl 2> /dev/null > /dev/null; then
echo "$0: You need perl installed"
exit $ksft_skip
fi
- if ! which getconf 2> /dev/null > /dev/null; then
+ if ! command -v getconf 2> /dev/null > /dev/null; then
echo "$0: You need getconf installed"
exit $ksft_skip
fi
- if ! which diff 2> /dev/null > /dev/null; then
+ if ! command -v diff 2> /dev/null > /dev/null; then
echo "$0: You need diff installed"
exit $ksft_skip
fi
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/vm/test_hmm.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/vm/test_hmm.sh
index 0647b525a625..575d0b31d852 100755
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/vm/test_hmm.sh
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/vm/test_hmm.sh
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ check_test_requirements()
exit $ksft_skip
fi
- if ! which modprobe > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+ if ! command -v modprobe > /dev/null 2>&1; then
echo "$0: You need modprobe installed"
exit $ksft_skip
fi
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/vm/test_vmalloc.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/vm/test_vmalloc.sh
index d73b846736f1..8ba91883f13c 100755
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/vm/test_vmalloc.sh
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/vm/test_vmalloc.sh
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ check_test_requirements()
exit $ksft_skip
fi
- if ! which modprobe > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+ if ! command -v modprobe > /dev/null 2>&1; then
echo "$0: You need modprobe installed"
exit $ksft_skip
fi
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/zram/zram_lib.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/zram/zram_lib.sh
index 6f872f266fd1..e284e8b7a5a4 100755
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/zram/zram_lib.sh
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/zram/zram_lib.sh
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ zram_makefs()
local i=0
for fs in $zram_filesystems; do
# if requested fs not supported default it to ext2
- which mkfs.$fs > /dev/null 2>&1 || fs=ext2
+ command -v mkfs.$fs > /dev/null 2>&1 || fs=ext2
echo "make $fs filesystem on /dev/zram$i"
mkfs.$fs /dev/zram$i > err.log 2>&1
--
2.32.0