Re: [PATCH v2 2/2] arm64: kprobes: add support for KPROBES_ON_FTRACE
From: Jianhua Liu
Date: Sun Jan 16 2022 - 04:38:58 EST
On Fri, Jan 7, 2022 at 8:20 PM Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@xxxxxxxxxx> wrote:
>
> On Fri, 7 Jan 2022 01:34:16 +0800
> Jianhua Liu <jianhua.ljh@xxxxxxxxx> wrote:
>
> > On Fri, Dec 17, 2021 at 3:40 PM Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@xxxxxxxxxx> wrote:
> > >
> > > Hi,
> > >
> > > On Tue, 2 Nov 2021 21:11:46 +0800
> > > Janet Liu <jianhua.ljh@xxxxxxxxx> wrote:
> > >
> > > > From: Janet Liu <janet.liu@xxxxxxxxxx>
> > > >
> > > > This patch allow kprobes on ftrace call sites. This optimization
> > > > avoids use of a trap with regular kprobes.
> > > >
> > > > This depends on HAVE_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_REGS which depends on
> > > > "patchable-function-entry" options which is only implemented with newer
> > > > toolchains.
> > > >
> > > > Signed-off-by: Janet Liu <janet.liu@xxxxxxxxxx>
> > > > ---
> > > > arch/arm64/Kconfig | 1 +
> > > > arch/arm64/kernel/probes/Makefile | 1 +
> > > > arch/arm64/kernel/probes/ftrace.c | 73 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> > > > arch/arm64/kernel/probes/kprobes.c | 27 +++++++++++
> > > > 4 files changed, 102 insertions(+)
> > > > create mode 100644 arch/arm64/kernel/probes/ftrace.c
> > > >
> > > > diff --git a/arch/arm64/Kconfig b/arch/arm64/Kconfig
> > > > index 339130712093..f59005608976 100644
> > > > --- a/arch/arm64/Kconfig
> > > > +++ b/arch/arm64/Kconfig
> > > > @@ -200,6 +200,7 @@ config ARM64
> > > > select HAVE_SYSCALL_TRACEPOINTS
> > > > select HAVE_KPROBES
> > > > select HAVE_OPTPROBES
> > > > + select HAVE_KPROBES_ON_FTRACE
> > > > select HAVE_KRETPROBES
> > > > select HAVE_GENERIC_VDSO
> > > > select IOMMU_DMA if IOMMU_SUPPORT
> > > > diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/probes/Makefile b/arch/arm64/kernel/probes/Makefile
> > > > index c77c92ac95fd..d9b204f4795a 100644
> > > > --- a/arch/arm64/kernel/probes/Makefile
> > > > +++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/probes/Makefile
> > > > @@ -3,5 +3,6 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_KPROBES) += kprobes.o decode-insn.o \
> > > > kprobes_trampoline.o \
> > > > simulate-insn.o
> > > > obj-$(CONFIG_OPTPROBES) += opt.o opt_head.o
> > > > +obj-$(CONFIG_KPROBES_ON_FTRACE) += ftrace.o
> > > > obj-$(CONFIG_UPROBES) += uprobes.o decode-insn.o \
> > > > simulate-insn.o
> > > > diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/probes/ftrace.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/probes/ftrace.c
> > > > new file mode 100644
> > > > index 000000000000..46ea92eb552f
> > > > --- /dev/null
> > > > +++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/probes/ftrace.c
> > > > @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
> > > > +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
> > > > +//
> > > > +// Dynamic Ftrace based Kprobes Optimization
> > > > +//
> > > > +// Copyright (C) 2021, Unisoc Inc.
> > > > +// Author: Janet Liu <janet.liu@xxxxxxxxxx>
> > > > +#include <linux/kprobes.h>
> > > > +#include <linux/ptrace.h>
> > > > +#include <linux/hardirq.h>
> > > > +#include <linux/preempt.h>
> > > > +#include <linux/ftrace.h>
> > > > +
> > > > +
> > > > +/* Ftrace callback handler for kprobes*/
> > > > +void kprobe_ftrace_handler(unsigned long ip, unsigned long parent_ip,
> > > > + struct ftrace_ops *ops, struct ftrace_regs *fregs)
> > > > +{
> > > > + struct kprobe *p;
> > > > + struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb;
> > > > + struct pt_regs *regs = ftrace_get_regs(fregs);
> > > > + int bit;
> > > > +
> > > > + bit = ftrace_test_recursion_trylock(ip, parent_ip);
> > > > + if (bit < 0)
> > > > + return;
> > > > +
> > > > + preempt_disable_notrace();
> > >
> > > This already has been done in ftrace side.
> >
> > Hi Masami,
> >
> > Got it by reading code, will fix this.
> >
> > >
> > > > + p = get_kprobe((kprobe_opcode_t *)ip);
> > > > + if (unlikely(!p) || kprobe_disabled(p))
> > > > + goto end;
> > > > +
> > > > + kcb = get_kprobe_ctlblk();
> > > > + if (kprobe_running()) {
> > > > + kprobes_inc_nmissed_count(p);
> > > > + } else {
> > > > + unsigned long orig_ip = instruction_pointer(regs);
> > > > +
> > > > + instruction_pointer_set(regs, ip);
> > >
> > > The 'ip' is the address of the 'bl' instruction, which must be
> > > p->addr + AARCH64_INSN_SIZE * 2. But this is a bit strange.
> > >
> > > On aarch64, if the user probe callback is called from breakpoint handler,
> > > regs->pc == kp->addr. But in this case, it is not the same.
> > >
> > > So, what about this?
> > >
> > > instruction_pointer_set(regs, ip - AARCH64_INSN_SIZE);
> > >
> >
> > I got what you said.
> >
> > But p->addr is changed when KPROBES_ON_FTRACE enable.
> > I implemented kprobe_lookup_name for arm64 to do the change in this patch.
>
> Hmm, that is no good, because printk("%pS\n", p->addr) does not show
> what the user set by p->symbol_name. This may confuse user.
> Moreover, if user doesn't set symbol_name but addr directly (this
> happens when you use 'perf probe' command, which will pass the address
> from '_text', not the function entry.
>
Hi Masami,
Thanks for your explanation,if user doesn't set p->addr will not
kprobe on ftrace entry.
This also confuse me.
> > because kernel/kprobe.c:check_ftrace_location check,
> > if p->addr != ftrace_addr, don't kprobe on ftrace entry.
> > so p->addr is equal to ftrace addr(the second nop), is equal to 'ip'.
> > here should be instruction_pointer_set(regs, ip);
>
> Hmm, OK. this is a special case for the arm64 (and maybe other
> architectures except for x86). Let's fix the check_ftrace_location().
> We already know that 2 instructions at the beginning of function will
> be used for ftrace on arm64. Thus arm64 version of check_ftrace_location()
> will check the given address + 1 is ftrace location or not.
>
> >
> > > > +
> > > > + __this_cpu_write(current_kprobe, p);
> > > > + kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_HIT_ACTIVE;
> > > > + if (!p->pre_handler || !p->pre_handler(p, regs)) {
> > > > + /*
> > > > + *Emulate singlestep (and also recover regs->pc)
> > > > + *as if there is a nop
> > > > + */
> > > > + instruction_pointer_set(regs,
> > > > + (unsigned long)p->addr + MCOUNT_INSN_SIZE);
> > >
> > > And then, this will be
> > >
> > > instruction_pointer_set(regs,
> > > (unsigned long)p->addr + AARCH64_INSN_SIZE * 2);
> > >
> > > So basically, kprobes on ftrace will skips 2 NOP instructions (the compiler installed
> > > 2 nops) and call post handler. This means we have a virtual big NOP instruction there.
> > >
> > Ditto, skip two nop instructions should
> > instruction_pointer_set(regs,
> > (unsigned long)p->addr + AARCH64_INSN_SIZE);
> >
> >
> > > > + if (unlikely(p->post_handler)) {
> > > > + kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_HIT_SSDONE;
> > > > + p->post_handler(p, regs, 0);
> > > > + }
> > > > + instruction_pointer_set(regs, orig_ip);
> > > > + }
> > > > +
> > > > + /*
> > > > + * If pre_handler returns !0,it changes regs->pc. We have to
> > > > + * skip emulating post_handler.
> > > > + */
> > > > + __this_cpu_write(current_kprobe, NULL);
> > > > + }
> > > > +end:
> > > > + preempt_enable_notrace();
> > > > + ftrace_test_recursion_unlock(bit);
> > > > +}
> > > > +NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(kprobe_ftrace_handler);
> > > > +
> > > > +int arch_prepare_kprobe_ftrace(struct kprobe *p)
> > > > +{
> > > > + p->ainsn.api.insn = NULL;
> > > > + p->ainsn.api.restore = 0;
> > > > + return 0;
> > > > +}
> > > > diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/probes/kprobes.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/probes/kprobes.c
> > > > index 6dbcc89f6662..3d371d3e4dfa 100644
> > > > --- a/arch/arm64/kernel/probes/kprobes.c
> > > > +++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/probes/kprobes.c
> > > > @@ -417,6 +417,33 @@ int __kprobes arch_trampoline_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
> > > > return 0;
> > > > }
> > > >
> > > > +kprobe_opcode_t __kprobes *kprobe_lookup_name(const char *name, unsigned int offset)
> > > > +{
> > > > + kprobe_opcode_t *addr;
> > > > +
> > > > + addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *)kallsyms_lookup_name(name);
> > > > +#ifdef CONFIG_KPROBES_ON_FTRACE
> > > > + if (addr && !offset) {
> > > > + unsigned long faddr;
> > > > +
> > > > + faddr = ftrace_location_range((unsigned long)addr,
> > > > + (unsigned long)addr + 8);
> > >
> > > this '8' must be (AARCH64_INSN_SIZE * 2). And here you may need to add
> > > a comment why search the 2 instructions. (it is because arm64 uses
> > > -fpatchable-function-entry=2.)
> > >
> > Got it , will fix it.
> > > > + if (faddr)
> > > > + addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *)faddr;
> > > > + }
> > This change the p->addr to ftrace_addr.
>
> Ah, OK. Please forgot above. What we have to do is to change the
> check_ftrace_location(), not this conversion.
I don't do this conversion, and try to implement arm64 special
check_ftrace_location as following.
but register kprobe fail.
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/probes/kprobes.c
b/arch/arm64/kernel/probes/kprobes.c
index d9dfa82c1f18..609f3f103a89 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kernel/probes/kprobes.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/probes/kprobes.c
+int __kprobes check_ftrace_location(struct kprobe *p)
+{
+ unsigned long ftrace_addr;
+
+ ftrace_addr = ftrace_location_range((unsigned long)p->addr,
+ (unsigned long)p->addr + AARCH64_INSN_SIZE * 2);
+ if (ftrace_addr) {
+#ifdef CONFIG_KPROBES_ON_FTRACE
+ /* Given address is not on the instruction boundary */
+ if ((unsigned long)p->addr > ftrace_addr)
+ return -EILSEQ;
+ if (p->offset <= AARCH64_INSN_SIZE * 2)
+ p->flags |= KPROBE_FLAG_FTRACE;
+#else /* !CONFIG_KPROBES_ON_FTRACE */
+ return -EINVAL;
+#endif
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/kernel/kprobes.c b/kernel/kprobes.c
index 21eccc961bba..91c95ba4eed0 100644
--- a/kernel/kprobes.c
+++ b/kernel/kprobes.c
@@ -1539,7 +1539,7 @@ static inline int warn_kprobe_rereg(struct kprobe *p)
return ret;
}
-static int check_ftrace_location(struct kprobe *p)
+int __weak check_ftrace_location(struct kprobe *p)
{
unsigned long ftrace_addr;
__arm_kprobe_ftrace print fail info:
[ 38.286515] Failed to arm kprobe-ftrace at kernel_clone+0x0/0x440 (error -22)
[ 38.286606] WARNING: CPU: 3 PID: 341 at kernel/kprobes.c:1062
arm_kprobe+0x114/0x14c
__arm_kprobe_ftrace calls ftrace_set_filter_ip,
ftrace_set_filter_ip use p->addr, but failed.
Thanks
Jianhua
>
> Thank you,
>
> >
> > > > +#endif
> > > > + return addr;
> > > > +}
> > > > +
> > > > +bool __kprobes arch_kprobe_on_func_entry(unsigned long offset)
> > > > +{
> > > > +#ifdef CONFIG_KPROBES_ON_FTRACE
> > > > + return offset <= 8;
> > >
> > > Ditto.
> > Got it, will add comment.
> >
> > Thanks
> >
> > Jianhua
> > >
> > > > +#else
> > > > + return !offset;
> > > > +#endif
> > > > +}
> > > > +
> > > > int __init arch_init_kprobes(void)
> > > > {
> > > > register_kernel_break_hook(&kprobes_break_hook);
> > > > --
> > > > 2.25.1
> > > >
> > >
> > > Thank you,
> > >
> > >
> > > --
> > > Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@xxxxxxxxxx>
>
>
> --
> Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@xxxxxxxxxx>