Re: [PATCH] fs/exec: require argv[0] presence in do_execveat_common()

[Ariadne Conill]

Hi,

On Wed, 26 Jan 2022, Rich Felker wrote:

> On Wed, Jan 26, 2022 at 04:39:47AM +0000, Ariadne Conill wrote:
> > The first argument to argv when used with execv family of calls is
> > required to be the name of the program being executed, per POSIX.
>
> That's not quite the story. The relevant text is a "should", meaning
> that to be "strictly conforming" an application has to follow the
> convention, but still can't assume its invoker did. (Note that most
> programs do not aim to be "strictly conforming"; it's not just the
> word strictly applied as an adjective to conforming, but a definition
> of its own imposing very stringent portability conditions beyond what
> the standard already imposes.) Moreover, POSIX (following ISO C, after
> this was changed from early C drafts) rejected making it a
> requirement. This is documented in the RATIONALE for execve:
>
>    Early proposals required that the value of argc passed to main()
>    be "one or greater". This was driven by the same requirement in
>    drafts of the ISO C standard. In fact, historical implementations
>    have passed a value of zero when no arguments are supplied to the
>    caller of the exec functions. This requirement was removed from
>    the ISO C standard and subsequently removed from this volume of
>    POSIX.1-2017 as well. The wording, in particular the use of the
>    word should, requires a Strictly Conforming POSIX Application to
>    pass at least one argument to the exec function, thus guaranteeing
>    that argc be one or greater when invoked by such an application.
>    In fact, this is good practice, since many existing applications
>    reference argv[0] without first checking the value of argc.
>
> Source: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/execve.html
>
> Note that despite citing itself as POSIX.1-2017 above, this is not a
> change in the 2017 edition; it's just the way they self-cite. As far
> as I can tell, the change goes back to prior to the first publication
> of the standard.

This was clarified in the v2 commit text.

> > By validating this in do_execveat_common(), we can prevent execution
> > of shellcode which invokes execv(2) family syscalls with argc < 1,
> > a scenario which is disallowed by POSIX, thus providing a mitigation
> > against CVE-2021-4034 and similar bugs in the future.
> >
> > The use of -EFAULT for this case is similar to other systems, such
> > as FreeBSD and OpenBSD.
>
> I don't like this choice of error, since in principle EFAULT should
> never happen when you haven't invoked memory-safety-violating UB.
> Something like EINVAL would be more appropriate. But if the existing
> practice for systems that do this is to use EFAULT, it's probably best
> to do the same thing.

It turns out that OpenBSD uses -EINVAL for this, see 
https://github.com/openbsd/src/commit/74212563870067f5b1e271876e1ec5a2fdf2f2e0

> > Interestingly, Michael Kerrisk opened an issue about this in 2008,
> > but there was no consensus to support fixing this issue then.
> > Hopefully now that CVE-2021-4034 shows practical exploitative use
> > of this bug in a shellcode, we can reconsider.
>
> I'm not really opposed to attempting to change this with consensus
> (like, actually proposing it on the Austin Group tracker), but a less
> invasive change would be just enforcing it for the case where exec is
> a privilege boundary (suid/sgid/caps). There's really no motivation
> for changing longstanding standard behavior in a
> non-privilege-boundary case.

It would be nice for the Austin Group to clarify this, but I think this is 
a "common sense" issue.  I don't think execve(2) with argc < 1 is 
"standard behavior" too, as many other systems outside Linux fail to 
execve(2) when argc < 1.

Ariadne