Significant brokenness in DIO loopback path

[Kent Overstreet]

So I'm testing bcachefs with the loopback driver in dio mode, and noticing
_significant_ brokenness in the bio_iov_iter_get_pages() path and elsewhere.

1) We don't check that we're not asking for more pages than we're in the
original bio

Noticed this because of another bug:

2) the loopback driver appears to never look at the underlying filesystem's
block size, meaning if the filesystem advertises a block size of 4k the loopback
device's blocksize will still be 512, and we'll end up issuing IOs the DIO path
shouldn't allow due to alignment.

3) iov_iter_bvec_advance() looks like utter nonsense. We're synthesizing a fake
bvec_iter and never using or even looking at one from the original bio, looking
at the construction in iov_iter_bvec().

This is broken; you're assuming you're never going to see bios with partially
completed bvec_iters, or things are going to explode.

Try putting a md raid0 on top of two loopback devices with a sub page block
size, things are just going to explode.

iov_iter_bvec() needs to be changed to take a bio, not a bvec array, and
iov_iter_bvec_advance() should probably just call bio_advance() - and
bio_iov_bvec_set() needs to be changed to just copy bi_iter from the original
bio into the dest bio. You guys made this way more complicated than it needed to
be.