Re: [PATCH v18 17/18] s390/Docs: new doc describing lock usage by the vfio_ap device driver
From: Tony Krowiak
Date: Mon Apr 04 2022 - 18:12:22 EST
On 3/30/22 20:28, Halil Pasic wrote:
On Mon, 14 Feb 2022 19:50:39 -0500
Tony Krowiak <akrowiak@xxxxxxxxxxxxx> wrote:
Introduces a new document describing the locks used by the vfio_ap device
driver and how to use them so as to avoid lockdep reports and deadlock
situations.
Signed-off-by: Tony Krowiak <akrowiak@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
---
Documentation/s390/vfio-ap-locking.rst | 389 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
1 file changed, 389 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 Documentation/s390/vfio-ap-locking.rst
diff --git a/Documentation/s390/vfio-ap-locking.rst b/Documentation/s390/vfio-ap-locking.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..10abbb6d6089
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/s390/vfio-ap-locking.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,389 @@
+======================
+VFIO AP Locks Overview
+======================
+This document describes the locks that are pertinent to the secure operation
+of the vfio_ap device driver. Throughout this document, the following variables
+will be used to denote instances of the structures herein described:
+
+struct ap_matrix_dev *matrix_dev;
+struct ap_matrix_mdev *matrix_mdev;
+struct kvm *kvm;
+
+The Matrix Devices Lock (drivers/s390/crypto/vfio_ap_private.h)
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+
+struct ap_matrix_dev {
+ ...
+ struct list_head mdev_list;
+ struct mutex mdevs_lock;
+ ...
+}
+
+The Matrix Devices Lock (matrix_dev->mdevs_lock) is implemented as a global
+mutex contained within the single instance of struct ap_matrix_dev. This lock
s/single instance of/singleton object of type/
I don't see the problem with instance, but I'll go ahead and make the
change.
+controls access to all fields contained within each matrix_mdev instance under
+the control of the vfio_ap device driver (matrix_dev->mdev_list).
Are there matrix_mdev instances not under the control of the vfio_ap
device driver?
No, but it doesn't make the statement any less true. I'll take it out,
however.
(MARK 1)
This lock must
+be held while reading from, writing to or using the data from a field contained
+within a matrix_mdev instance representing one of the vfio_ap device driver's
+mediated devices.
This makes it look like for example struct vfio_ap_queue objects are out
of scope.
How so? The vfio_ap_queue objects are linked to the ap_matrix_mdev object
to which the APQN is assigned. Other than that, they are contained in
the driver
data of the queue device.
+
+The KVM Lock (include/linux/kvm_host.h)
+---------------------------------------
+
+struct kvm {
+ ...
+ struct mutex lock;
+ ...
+}
+
+The KVM Lock (kvm->lock) controls access to the state data for a KVM guest. This
+lock must be held by the vfio_ap device driver while one or more AP adapters,
+domains or control domains are being plugged into or unplugged from the guest.
+
+The vfio_ap device driver registers a function to be notified when the pointer
+to the kvm instance has been set. The KVM pointer is passed to the handler by
+the notifier and is stored in the in the matrix_mdev instance
+(matrix_mdev->kvm = kvm) containing the state of the mediated device that has
+been passed through to the KVM guest.
+
+The Guests Lock (drivers/s390/crypto/vfio_ap_private.h)
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+
+struct ap_matrix_dev {
+ ...
+ struct list_head mdev_list;
+ struct mutex guests_lock;
+ ...
+}
+
+The Guests Lock (matrix_dev->guests_lock) controls access to the
+matrix_mdev instances (matrix_dev->mdev_list) that represent mediated devices
+that hold the state for the mediated devices that have been passed through to a
Didn't say that access to fields of matrix_mdev instances is controlled
by the matrix_dev->mdevs lock at (MARK 1)? How do the two statements
mesh?
The matrix_dev->mdevs_lock controls access to all FIELDS contained within each matrix_mdev
and the matrix_dev->guests_lock controls access to matrix_mdev instances; in other words, the
matrix_dev->mdev_list and the matrix_mdev instances for the purposes further described
below.
+KVM guest. This lock must be held:
+
+1. To control access to the KVM pointer (matrix_mdev->kvm) while the vfio_ap
+ device driver is using it to plug/unplug AP devices passed through to the KVM
+ guest.
+
+2. To add matrix_mdev instances to or remove them from matrix_dev->mdev_list.
+ This is necessary to ensure the proper locking order when the list is perused
+ to find an ap_matrix_mdev instance for the purpose of plugging/unplugging
+ AP devices passed through to a KVM guest.
+
+ For example, when a queue device is removed from the vfio_ap device driver,
+ if the adapter is passed through to a KVM guest, it will have to be
+ unplugged. In order to figure out whether the adapter is passed through,
+ the matrix_mdev object to which the queue is assigned will have to be
+ found. The KVM pointer (matrix_mdev->kvm) can then be used to determine if
+ the mediated device is passed through (matrix_mdev->kvm != NULL) and if so,
+ to unplug the adapter.
+
+It is not necessary to take the Guests Lock to access the KVM pointer if the
+pointer is not used to plug/unplug devices passed through to the KVM guest;
+however, in this case, the Matrix Devices Lock (matrix_dev->mdevs_lock) must be
+held in order to access the KVM pointer since it set and cleared under the
+protection of the Matrix Devices Lock. A case in point is the function that
+handles interception of the PQAP(AQIC) instruction sub-function. This handler
+needs to access the KVM pointer only for the purposes of setting or clearing IRQ
+resources, so only the matrix_dev->mdevs_lock needs to be held.
+
It is very unclear what this lock is actually protecting, and when does
it need to be taken.
I don't know how I can make it clearer. In 1 above, it states the it
protects
access to the KVM pointer when it is being used to plug/unplug AP devices.
In other words, if the matrix_mdev->kvm pointer is being accessed just
to verify whether the mdev is attached to a guest or not, it is not
necessary to
take the matrix_dev->guests_lock. On the other hand, whenever the
matrix_mdev->kvm
pointer is being taken to dynamically update the guest's APCB (i.e., hot
plug/unplug AP
devices), the matrix_dev->guests_lock must be held. Maybe if I had said
hot plug/unplug
it would be clearer? I'm open to suggestions.
+The PQAP Hook Lock (arch/s390/include/asm/kvm_host.h)
+-----------------------------------------------------
+
+typedef int (*crypto_hook)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu);
+
+struct kvm_s390_crypto {
+ ...
+ struct rw_semaphore pqap_hook_rwsem;
+ crypto_hook *pqap_hook;
+ ...
+};
+
+The PQAP Hook Lock is a r/w semaphore that controls access to the function
+pointer of the handler (*kvm->arch.crypto.pqap_hook) to invoke when the
+PQAP(AQIC) instruction sub-function is intercepted by the host. The lock must be
+held in write mode when pqap_hook value is set, and in read mode when the
+pqap_hook function is called.
+
+Locking Order
+-------------
+
+If the various locks are not taken in the proper order, it could potentially
+result in a lockdep splat.
Just in a lockdep splat or in a deadlock?
I've never actually encountered a deadlock condition while testing,
only a lockdep splat indicating a deadlock could occur. I'll go ahead
and add 'deadlock or lockdep splat'.
The proper order for taking locks depends upon
+the operation taking place,
That sounds very fishy! The whole point of having a locking order is
preventing deadlocks if everybody sticks to the locking order. If there
are exceptions, i.e. if we violate the locking order, we risk deadlocks.
It may sound fishy, but it's a true statement. For example, there
are cases where the mdev is not attached to a KVM guest.
In that case, the matrix_mdev->kvm pointer will be NULL and
the matrix_mdev->kvm->lock will not be taken. Of course, the
matrix_dev->guests_lock will still have to be taken before the
matrix_dev->mdevs_lock. Maybe I should just make that point
clearer here.
After rereading the passage, I think that sentence should be
removed. It can be seen in the examples when the KVM lock
will not be taken.
but in general the Guests Lock
+(matrix_dev->guests_lock) must be taken outside of the KVM Lock (kvm->lock)
+which in turn must be taken outside of the Matrix Devices Lock
+(matrix_dev->mdevs_lock).
+
+The following describes the various operations under which the various locks are
+taken, the purpose for taking them and the order in which they must be taken.
It looks a little odd that you describe all the operations here,
especially in prosa.
But hey the good thing is, none seem to violate the lock order.
+
+* Operations: Setting or clearing the KVM pointer (matrix_mdev->kvm):
+
+ 1. PQAP Hook Lock (kvm->arch.crypto.pqap_hook_rwsem):
+
+ This semaphore must be held in write mode while setting or clearing the
+ reference to the function pointer (kvm->arch.crypt.pqap_hook) to call
+ when the PQAP(AQIC) instruction sub-function is intercepted by the host.
+ The function pointer is set when the KVM pointer is being set and
+ cleared when the KVM pointer is being cleared.
+
+ 2.Guests Lock (matrix_dev->guests_lock):
+
+ This mutex must be held while accessing the KVM pointer
+ (matrix_mdev->kvm) to plug/unplug AP devices passed through to the
+ KVM guest
+
+ 3. KVM Lock (kvm->lock):
+
+ This mutex must be held while the AP devices passed through to the KVM
+ guest are plugged/unplugged.
+
+ 4. Matrix Devices Lock (matrix_dev->mdevs_lock)
+
+ This lock must be held to prevent access to the matrix_mdev state
+ while writing/reading state values during the operation.
+
+* Operations: Assign or unassign an adapter, domain or control domain of a
+ mediated device under the control of the vfio_ap device driver:
+
+ 1. Guests Lock (matrix_dev->guests_lock):
+
+ This mutex must be held while accessing the KVM pointer
+ (matrix_dev->kvm) to plug/unplug AP devices passed through to the
+ KVM guest as a result of the assignment/unassignment operation.
+ Assignment of an AP device may result in additional queue devices
+ or control domains being plugged into the guest. Similarly, unassignment
+ may result in unplugging queue devices or control domains from the
+ guest
+
+ 3. KVM Lock (matrix_mdev->kvm->lock):
+
+ This mutex must be held while the AP devices passed through to the KVM
+ guest are plugged in or unplugged.
+
+ 4. Matrix Devices Lock (matrix_dev->mdevs_lock)
+
+ This lock must be held to prevent access to the matrix_mdev state
+ while writing/reading state values during the operation. For example, to
+ determine which AP devices need to be plugged/unplugged, the lock
+ must be held to prevent other operations from changing the data used
+ to construct the guest's AP configuration.
+
+* Operations: Probe or remove an AP queue device:
+
+ When a queue device is bound to the vfio_ap device driver, the driver's probe
+ callback is invoked. Similarly, when a queue device is unbound from the
+ driver it's remove callback is invoked. The probe and remove functions will
+ take locks in the following order:
+
+ 1. Guests Lock (matrix_dev->guests_lock):
+
+ This mutex must be held for the duration of this operation.
+
+ At the time of the operation, the vfio_ap device driver will only have
+ the APQN of the queue being probed or removed, so the
+ matrix_dev->mdevs_list must be perused to locate the matrix_mdev
+ instance to which the queue is assigned. The Guests Lock must be held
+ during this time to prevent the list from being changed while processing
+ the probe/remove.
+
+ Once the matrix_mdev is found, the operation must determine whether the
+ mediated device is passed through to a guest (matrix_mdev->kvm != NULL),
+ then use the KVM pointer to perform the plug/unplug operation. Here
+ again, the lock must be held to prevent other operations from accessing
+ the KVM pointer for the same purpose.
+
+ 2. KVM Lock (kvm->lock):
+
+ This mutex must be held while the AP devices passed through to the KVM
+ guest are plugged in or unplugged to prevent other operations from
+ accessing the guest's state while it is in flux.
+
+ 3. Matrix Devices Lock (matrix_dev->mdevs_lock)
+
+ This lock must be held to prevent access to the matrix_mdev state
+ while writing/reading state values during the operation, such as the
+ masks used to construct the KVM guest's AP configuration.
+
+* Operations: Probe or remove a mediated device:
+
+ 1. Guests Lock (matrix_dev->guests_lock):
+
+ This mutex must be held while adding the matrix_mdev to the
+ matrix_dev->mdev_list during the probe operation or when removing it
+ from the list during the remove operation. This is to prevent access by
+ other functions that must traverse the list to find a matrix_mdev for
+ the purpose of plugging/unplugging AP devices passed through to a KVM
+ guest (i.e., probe/remove queue callbacks), while the list is being
+ modified.
+
+ 2. Matrix Devices Lock (matrix_dev->mdevs_lock)
+
+ This lock must be held to prevent access to the matrix_mdev state
+ while writing/reading state values during the probe or remove operations
+ such as initializing the hashtable of queue devices
+ (matrix_mdev->qtable.queues) assigned to the matrix_mdev.
+
+* Operation: Handle interception of the PQAP(AQIC) instruction sub-function:
+
+ 1. PQAP Hook Lock (kvm->arch.crypto.pqap_hook_rwsem)
+
+ This semaphore must be held in read mode while retrieving the function
+ pointer (kvm->arch.crypto.pqap_hook) and executing the function that
+ handles the interception of the PQAP(AQIC) instruction sub-function by
+ the host.
+
+ 2. Matrix Devices Lock (matrix_dev->mdevs_lock)
+
+ This lock must be held to prevent access to the matrix_mdev state
+ while writing/reading state values during the execution of the
+ PQAP(AQIC) instruction sub-function interception handler. For example,
+ the handler must iterate over the matrix_mdev->qtable.queues hashtable
+ to find the vfio_ap_queue object representing the queue for which
+ interrupts are being enabled or disabled.
+
+ Note: It is not necessary to take the Guests Lock (matrix_dev->guests_lock)
+ or the KVM Lock (matrix_mdev->kvm->lock) because the KVM pointer
+ will not be accessed to plug/unplug AP devices passed through to the
+ guest; it will only be used to allocate or free resources for processing
+ interrupts.
+
+* Operation: Handle AP configuration changed notification:
+
+ The vfio_ap device driver registers a callback function to be notified when
+ the AP bus detects that the host's AP configuration has changed. This can
+ occur due to the addition or removal of AP adapters, domains or control
+ domains via an SE or HMC connected to a DPM enabled LPAR. The objective of the
+ handler is to remove the queues no longer accessible via the host in bulk
+ rather than one queue at a time via the driver's queue device remove callback.
+ The locks and the order in which they must be taken by this operation are:
+
+ 1. Guests Lock (matrix_dev->guests_lock):
+
+ This mutex must be held for the duration of the operation to:
+
+ * Iterate over the matrix_dev->mdev_list to find each matrix_mdev from
+ which a queue device to be removed is assigned and prevent other
+ operations from modifying the list while processing the affected
+ matrix_mdev instances.
+
+ * Prevent other operations from acquiring access to the KVM pointer in
+ each affected matrix_mdev instance (matrix_mdev->kvm) for the purpose
+ of plugging/unplugging AP devices passed through to the KVM guest via
+ that instance.
+
+2. KVM Lock (kvm->lock):
+
+ This mutex must be held for each affected matrix_mdev instance while
+ the AP devices passed through to the KVM guest are unplugged to prevent
+ other operations from accessing the guest's state while it is in flux.
+
+ Note: This lock must be re-acquired for each matrix_mdev instance.
+
+ 3. Matrix Devices Lock (matrix_dev->mdevs_lock)
+
+ This lock must be held for each affected matrix_mdev to prevent access
+ to the matrix_mdev state while writing/reading state values during the
+ operation, such as the masks used to construct the KVM guest's AP
+ configuration.
+
+ Note: This lock must be re-acquired for each matrix_mdev instance.
+
+Operation: Handle AP bus scan complete notification:
+
+ The vfio_ap device driver registers a callback function to be notified when
+ the AP bus scan completes after detecting the addition or removal of AP
+ adapters, domains or control domains. The objective of the handler is t
+ add the new queues accessible via the host in bulk rather than one queue
+ at a time via the driver's queue device probe callback. The locks and the
+ order in which they must be taken by this operation are:
+
+ 1. Guests Lock (matrix_dev->guests_lock):
+
+ This mutex must be held for the duration of the operation to:
+
+ * Iterate over the matrix_dev->mdev_list to find each matrix_mdev to
+ which a queue device added is assigned and prevent other operations
+ from modifying the list while processing each affected matrix_mdev
+ object.
+
+ * Prevent other operations from acquiring access to the KVM pointer in
+ each affected matrix_mdev instance (matrix_mdev->kvm) for the purpose
+ of plugging/unplugging AP devices passed through to the KVM guest via
+ that instance.
+
+ 2. KVM Lock (kvm->lock):
+
+ This mutex must be held for each affected matrix_mdev instance while
+ the AP devices passed through to the KVM guest are plugged in to prevent
+ other operations from accessing the guest's state while it is in flux.
+
+ Note: This lock must be re-acquired for each matrix_mdev instance.
+
+ 3. Matrix Devices Lock (matrix_dev->mdevs_lock):
+
+ This lock must be held for each affected matrix_mdev to prevent access
+ to the matrix_mdev state while writing/reading state values during the
+ operation, such as the masks used to construct the KVM guest's AP
+ configuration.
+
+ Note: This lock must be re-acquired for each matrix_mdev instance.
+
+Operation: Handle resource in use query:
+
+ The vfio_ap device driver registers a callback function with the AP bus to be
+ called when changes to the bus's sysfs /sys/bus/ap/apmask or
+ /sys/bus/ap/aqmask attributes would result in one or more AP queue devices
+ getting unbound from the vfio_ap device driver to verify none of them are in
+ use by the driver (i.e., assigned to a matrix_mdev instance). If this function
+ is called while an adapter or domain is also being assigned to a mediated
+ device, this could result in a deadlock; for example:
+
+ 1. A system administrator assigns an adapter to a mediated device under the
+ control of the vfio_ap device driver. The driver will need to first take
+ the matrix_dev->guests_lock to potentially hot plug the adapter into
+ the KVM guest.
+ 2. At the same time, a system administrator sets a bit in the sysfs
+ /sys/bus/ap/ap_mask attribute. To complete the operation, the AP bus
+ must:
+ a. Take the ap_perms_mutex lock to update the object storing the values
+ for the /sys/bus/ap/ap_mask attribute.
+ b. Call the vfio_ap device driver's in-use callback to verify that no
+ queues now being reserved for the default zcrypt drivers are
+ in use by the vfio_ap device driver. To do the verification, the in-use
+ callback function takes the matrix_dev->guests_lock, but has to wait
+ because it is already held by the operation in 1 above.
+ 3. The vfio_ap device driver calls an AP bus function to verify that the
+ new queues resulting from the assignment of the adapter in step 1 are
+ not reserved for the default zcrypt device driver. This AP bus function
+ tries to take the ap_perms_mutex lock but gets stuck waiting for the
+ it due to step 2a above.
+
+ Consequently, we have the following deadlock situation:
+
+ matrix_dev->guests_lock locked (1)
+ ap_perms_mutex lock locked (2a)
+ Waiting for matrix_dev->lock (2b) which is currently held (1)
+ Waiting for ap_perms_mutex lock (3) which is currently held (2a)
+
+ To prevent the deadlock scenario, the in_use operation will take the
+ required locks using the mutex_trylock() function and if the lock can not be
+ acquired will terminate and return -EBUSY to indicate the driver is busy
+ processing another request.
+
+ The locks required to respond to the handle resource in use query and the
+ order in which they must be taken are:
+
+ 1. Guests Lock (matrix_dev->guests_lock):
+
+ This mutex must be held for the duration of the operation to iterate over the
+ matrix_dev->mdev_list to determine whether any of the queues to be unbound
+ are assigned to a matrix_mdev instance.
+
+ 2. Matrix Devices Lock (matrix_dev->mdevs_lock):
+
+ This mutex must be held for the duration of the operation to ensure that the
+ AP configuration of each matrix_mdev instance does not change while verifying
+ that none of the queue devices to be removed from the vfio_ap driver are
+ assigned to it.