[PATCH v6 00/17] KVM nVHE Hypervisor stack unwinder

[Kalesh Singh]

Hi all,

This is v6 of nVHE stacktrace support. The series is based on
arm64 for-next/stacktrace.

The previous versions were posted at:
v5: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220721055728.718573-1-kaleshsingh@xxxxxxxxxx/
v4: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220715061027.1612149-1-kaleshsingh@xxxxxxxxxx/
v3: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220607165105.639716-1-kaleshsingh@xxxxxxxxxx/
v2: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220502191222.4192768-1-kaleshsingh@xxxxxxxxxx/
v1: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220427184716.1949239-1-kaleshsingh@xxxxxxxxxx/

This version mainly reorganizes the order of to patches into more coherent
groups, along with addressing the other feedback in v5.

Patches 1 to 6 factor out the common unwinding logic into
into arch/arm64/include/asm/stacktrace/common.h, for reuse by the nVHE
unwinder. No functional change is introduced by these:

  [01/17] arm64: stacktrace: Add shared header for common stack unwinding code
  [02/17] arm64: stacktrace: Factor out on_accessible_stack_common()
  [03/17] arm64: stacktrace: Factor out unwind_next_common()
  [04/17] arm64: stacktrace: Handle frame pointer from different address spaces
  [05/17] arm64: stacktrace: Factor out common unwind()
  [06/17] arm64: stacktrace: Add description of stacktrace/common.h

Patches 7 to 11 implement stacktraces for conventional nVHE (non-protected
mode):

  [07/17] KVM: arm64: On stack overflow switch to hyp overflow_stack
  [08/17] KVM: arm64: Stub implementation of non-protected nVHE HYP stack
    unwinder
  [09/17] KVM: arm64: Prepare non-protected nVHE hypervisor stacktrace
  [10/17] KVM: arm64: Implement non-protected nVHE hyp stack unwinder
  [11/17] KVM: arm64: Introduce hyp_dump_backtrace()

Patches 12 to 17 implement stacktraces for protected-nVHE (pKVM):

  [12/17] KVM: arm64: Add PROTECTED_NVHE_STACKTRACE Kconfig
  [13/17] KVM: arm64: Allocate shared pKVM hyp stacktrace buffers
  [14/17] KVM: arm64: Stub implementation of pKVM HYP stack unwinder
  [15/17] KVM: arm64: Save protected-nVHE (pKVM) hyp stacktrace
  [16/17] KVM: arm64: Implement protected nVHE hyp stack unwinder
  [17/17] KVM: arm64: Introduce pkvm_dump_backtrace()

The updated cover letter is copied below for convenience.

Thanks,
Kalesh

============

KVM nVHE Stack unwinding.
===

nVHE has two modes of operation: protected (pKVM) and unprotected
(conventional nVHE). Depending on the mode, a slightly different approach
is used to dump the hypervisor stacktrace but the core unwinding logic
remains the same.

Protected nVHE (pKVM) stacktraces
====

In protected nVHE mode, the host cannot directly access hypervisor memory.

The hypervisor stack unwinding happens in EL2 and is made accessible to
the host via a shared buffer. Symbolizing and printing the stacktrace
addresses is delegated to the host and happens in EL1.

Non-protected (Conventional) nVHE stacktraces
====

In non-protected mode, the host is able to directly access the hypervisor
stack pages.

The hypervisor stack unwinding and dumping of the stacktrace is performed
by the host in EL1, as this avoids the memory overhead of setting up
shared buffers between the host and hypervisor.

Resuing the Core Unwinding Logic
====

Since the hypervisor cannot link against the kernel code in proteced mode.
The common stack unwinding code is moved to a shared header to allow reuse
in the nVHE hypervisor.

Reducing the memory footprint
====

In this version the below steps were taken to reduce the memory usage of
nVHE stack unwinding:

    1) The nVHE overflow stack is reduced from PAGE_SIZE to 4KB; benificial
       for configurations with non 4KB pages (16KB or 64KB pages).
    2) In protected nVHE mode (pKVM), the shared stacktrace buffers with the
       host are reduced from PAGE_SIZE to the minimum size required.
    3) In systems other than Android, conventional nVHE makes up the vast
       majority of use case. So the pKVM stack tracing is disabled by default
       (!CONFIG_PROTECTED_NVHE_STACKTRACE), which avoid the memory usage for
       setting up shared buffers.
    4) In non-protected nVHE mode (conventional nVHE), the stack unwinding
       is done directly in EL1 by the host and no shared buffers with the
       hypervisor are needed.

Sample Output
====

The below shows an example output from a simple stack overflow test:

[  111.623091] kvm [367]: nVHE call trace:
[  111.623215] kvm [367]:  [<ffff8000090a6570>] __kvm_nvhe_hyp_panic+0xac/0xf8
[  111.623448] kvm [367]:  [<ffff8000090a65cc>] __kvm_nvhe_hyp_panic_bad_stack+0x10/0x10
[  111.623642] kvm [367]:  [<ffff8000090a61e4>] __kvm_nvhe_recursive_death+0x24/0x34
. . .
[  111.640366] kvm [367]:  [<ffff8000090a61e4>] __kvm_nvhe_recursive_death+0x24/0x34
[  111.640467] kvm [367]:  [<ffff8000090a61e4>] __kvm_nvhe_recursive_death+0x24/0x34
[  111.640574] kvm [367]:  [<ffff8000090a5de4>] __kvm_nvhe___kvm_vcpu_run+0x30/0x40c
[  111.640676] kvm [367]:  [<ffff8000090a8b64>] __kvm_nvhe_handle___kvm_vcpu_run+0x30/0x48
[  111.640778] kvm [367]:  [<ffff8000090a88b8>] __kvm_nvhe_handle_trap+0xc4/0x128
[  111.640880] kvm [367]:  [<ffff8000090a7864>] __kvm_nvhe___host_exit+0x64/0x64
[  111.640996] kvm [367]: ---[ end nVHE call trace ]---

============

Kalesh Singh (17):
  arm64: stacktrace: Add shared header for common stack unwinding code
  arm64: stacktrace: Factor out on_accessible_stack_common()
  arm64: stacktrace: Factor out unwind_next_common()
  arm64: stacktrace: Handle frame pointer from different address spaces
  arm64: stacktrace: Factor out common unwind()
  arm64: stacktrace: Add description of stacktrace/common.h
  KVM: arm64: On stack overflow switch to hyp overflow_stack
  KVM: arm64: Stub implementation of non-protected nVHE HYP stack
    unwinder
  KVM: arm64: Prepare non-protected nVHE hypervisor stacktrace
  KVM: arm64: Implement non-protected nVHE hyp stack unwinder
  KVM: arm64: Introduce hyp_dump_backtrace()
  KVM: arm64: Add PROTECTED_NVHE_STACKTRACE Kconfig
  KVM: arm64: Allocate shared pKVM hyp stacktrace buffers
  KVM: arm64: Stub implementation of pKVM HYP stack unwinder
  KVM: arm64: Save protected-nVHE (pKVM) hyp stacktrace
  KVM: arm64: Implement protected nVHE hyp stack unwinder
  KVM: arm64: Introduce pkvm_dump_backtrace()

 arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_asm.h           |  16 ++
 arch/arm64/include/asm/memory.h            |   8 +
 arch/arm64/include/asm/stacktrace.h        |  92 +++++----
 arch/arm64/include/asm/stacktrace/common.h | 230 +++++++++++++++++++++
 arch/arm64/include/asm/stacktrace/nvhe.h   | 176 ++++++++++++++++
 arch/arm64/kernel/stacktrace.c             | 157 --------------
 arch/arm64/kvm/Kconfig                     |  15 ++
 arch/arm64/kvm/arm.c                       |   2 +-
 arch/arm64/kvm/handle_exit.c               | 102 +++++++++
 arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/Makefile           |   2 +-
 arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/host.S             |   9 +-
 arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/stacktrace.c       | 109 ++++++++++
 arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/switch.c           |   6 +
 13 files changed, 720 insertions(+), 204 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 arch/arm64/include/asm/stacktrace/common.h
 create mode 100644 arch/arm64/include/asm/stacktrace/nvhe.h
 create mode 100644 arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/stacktrace.c


base-commit: 82a592c13b0aeff94d84d54183dae0b26384c95f
-- 
2.37.1.359.gd136c6c3e2-goog