Re: [PATCH 1/2] arm64, kdump: enforce to take 4G as the crashkernel low memory end

From: Baoquan He
Date: Wed Aug 31 2022 - 10:30:05 EST

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On 08/31/22 at 10:37am, Mike Rapoport wrote:
> On Sun, Aug 28, 2022 at 08:55:44AM +0800, Baoquan He wrote:
> > Problem:
> > =======
> > On arm64, block and section mapping is supported to build page tables.
> > However, currently it enforces to take base page mapping for the whole
> > linear mapping if CONFIG_ZONE_DMA or CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32 is enabled and
> > crashkernel kernel parameter is set. This will cause longer time of the
> > linear mapping process during bootup and severe performance degradation
> > during running time.
> >
> > Root cause:
> > ==========
> > On arm64, crashkernel reservation relies on knowing the upper limit of
> > low memory zone because it needs to reserve memory in the zone so that
> > devices' DMA addressing in kdump kernel can be satisfied. However, the
> > limit on arm64 is variant. And the upper limit can only be decided late
> > till bootmem_init() is called.
> >
> > And we need to map the crashkernel region with base page granularity when
> > doing linear mapping, because kdump needs to protect the crashkernel region
> > via set_memory_valid(,0) after kdump kernel loading. However, arm64 doesn't
> > support well on splitting the built block or section mapping due to some
> > cpu reststriction [1]. And unfortunately, the linear mapping is done before
> > bootmem_init().
> >
> > To resolve the above conflict on arm64, the compromise is enforcing to
> > take base page mapping for the entire linear mapping if crashkernel is
> > set, and CONFIG_ZONE_DMA or CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32 is enabed. Hence
> > performance is sacrificed.
> >
> > Solution:
> > =========
> > To fix the problem, we should always take 4G as the crashkernel low
> > memory end in case CONFIG_ZONE_DMA or CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32 is enabled.
> > With this, we don't need to defer the crashkernel reservation till
> > bootmem_init() is called to set the arm64_dma_phys_limit. As long as
> > memblock init is done, we can conclude what is the upper limit of low
> > memory zone.
> >
> > 1) both CONFIG_ZONE_DMA or CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32 are disabled or memblock_start_of_DRAM() > 4G
> > limit = PHYS_ADDR_MAX+1 (Corner cases)
>
> Why these are corner cases?
> The case when CONFIG_ZONE_DMA or CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32 are disabled is the
> simplest one because it does not require the whole dancing around
> arm64_dma_phys_limit initialization.
>
> And AFAIK, memblock_start_of_DRAM() > 4G is not uncommon on arm64, but it
> does not matter for device DMA addressing.

Thanks for reviewing.

I could be wrong and have misunderstanding about corner case.

With my understanding, both ZONE_DMA and ZONE_DMA32 are enabled by
default in kernel. And on distros, I believe they are on too. The both
ZONE_DMA and ZONE_DMA32 disabled case should only exist on one specific
product, and the memblock_start_of_DRAM() > 4G case too. At least, I
haven't seen one in our LAB. What I thought the non generic as corner
case could be wrong. I will change that phrasing.

mm/Kconfig:
config ZONE_DMA
bool "Support DMA zone" if ARCH_HAS_ZONE_DMA_SET
default y if ARM64 || X86

config ZONE_DMA32
bool "Support DMA32 zone" if ARCH_HAS_ZONE_DMA_SET
depends on !X86_32
default y if ARM64

>
> The actual corner cases are systems with ZONE_DMA/DMA32 and with <32 bits
> limit for device DMA addressing (e.g RPi 4). I think the changelog should

Right, RPi4's 30bit DMA addressing device is corner case.

> mention that to use kdump on these devices user must specify
> crashkernel=X@Y

Makes sense. I will add words in log, and add sentences to
mention that in code comment or some place of document.
Thanks for advice.

>
> > 2) CONFIG_ZONE_DMA or CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32 are enabled:
> > limit = 4G (generic case)
> >
> > [1]
> > https://lore.kernel.org/all/YrIIJkhKWSuAqkCx@xxxxxxx/T/#u
> >
> > Signed-off-by: Baoquan He <bhe@xxxxxxxxxx>
> > ---
> > arch/arm64/mm/init.c | 24 ++++++++++++++----------
> > arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c | 38 ++++++++++++++++++++++----------------
> > 2 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)
> >
> > diff --git a/arch/arm64/mm/init.c b/arch/arm64/mm/init.c
> > index b9af30be813e..8ae55afdd11c 100644
> > --- a/arch/arm64/mm/init.c
> > +++ b/arch/arm64/mm/init.c
> > @@ -90,10 +90,22 @@ phys_addr_t __ro_after_init arm64_dma_phys_limit;
> > phys_addr_t __ro_after_init arm64_dma_phys_limit = PHYS_MASK + 1;
> > #endif
>
> Please also update the comment above this hunk.

Sure, will do.

>
> > +static phys_addr_t __init crash_addr_low_max(void)
> > +{
> > + phys_addr_t low_mem_mask = U32_MAX;
> > + phys_addr_t phys_start = memblock_start_of_DRAM();
> > +
> > + if ((!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ZONE_DMA) && !IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32)) ||
> > + (phys_start > U32_MAX))
> > + low_mem_mask = PHYS_ADDR_MAX;
> > +
> > + return min(low_mem_mask, memblock_end_of_DRAM() - 1) + 1;
>
> Since RAM frequently starts on non-zero address the limit for systems with
> ZONE_DMA/DMA32 should be memblock_start_of_DRAM() + 4G. There is no need to

It may not be right for memblock_start_of_DRAM(). On most of arm64
servers I ever tested, their memblock usually starts from a higher
address, but not zero which is like x86. E.g below memory ranges printed
on an ampere-mtsnow-altra system, the starting addr is 0x83000000. With
my understanding, DMA addressing bits correspond to the cpu logical
address range devices can address. So memblock_start_of_DRAM() + 4G
seems not right for normal system, and not right for system which
starting physical address is above 4G. I refer to max_zone_phys() of
arch/arm64/mm/init.c when implementing crash_addr_low_max(). Please
correct me if I am wrong.

[ +0.000000] Zone ranges:
[ +0.000000] DMA [mem 0x0000000088300000-0x00000000ffffffff]
[ +0.000000] DMA32 empty
[ +0.000000] Normal [mem 0x0000000100000000-0x00000817ffffffff]
[ +0.000000] Device empty
[ +0.000000] Movable zone start for each node
[ +0.000000] Early memory node ranges
[ +0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000000088300000-0x00000000883fffff]
[ +0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000000090000000-0x0000000091ffffff]
[ +0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000000092000000-0x0000000093ffffff]
[ +0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000000094000000-0x00000000ebc18fff]
[ +0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x00000000ebc19000-0x00000000ebfbcfff]
[ +0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x00000000ebfbd000-0x00000000ebfbdfff]
[ +0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x00000000ebfbe000-0x00000000ebfbffff]
[ +0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x00000000ebfc0000-0x00000000ec1dffff]
[ +0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x00000000ec1e0000-0x00000000ec1effff]
[ +0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x00000000ec1f0000-0x00000000ee5effff]
[ +0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x00000000ee5f0000-0x00000000f765ffff]
[ +0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x00000000f7660000-0x00000000f784ffff]
[ +0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x00000000f7850000-0x00000000f7fdffff]
[ +0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x00000000f7fe0000-0x00000000ffc8efff]
[ +0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x00000000ffc8f000-0x00000000ffc8ffff]
[ +0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x00000000ffc90000-0x00000000ffffffff]
[ +0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000080000000000-0x000008007fffffff]
[ +0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000080100000000-0x00000817ffffffff]

> take into the account the end of DRAM, memblock allocation will take care
> of that. I'd suggest to simplify crash_addr_low_max() to be
>
> static phys_addr_t __init crash_addr_low_max(void)
> {
> if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ZONE_DMA) || IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32))
> return memblock_start_of_DRAM() + SZ_4G;
>
> return PHYS_ADDR_MAX;
> }
>
> > +}
> > +
> > /* Current arm64 boot protocol requires 2MB alignment */
> > #define CRASH_ALIGN SZ_2M
> >
> > -#define CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX arm64_dma_phys_limit
> > +#define CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX crash_addr_low_max()
>
> With introduction of crash_addr_low_max() I think it's better to get rid of
> the CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX and use local variables in reserve_crashkernel() and
> reserve_crashkernel_low() that would get initialized to
> crash_addr_low_max().

CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX is introduced because we expected to make the
crashkernel reservation code generic and move into kernel/crash_core.c.
The original plan is to deduplicate the x86_64 and arm64 part, seems
it's hard to do now since arm64 has specific handling different than
x86. I think we can remove it now and can add it back if possible.

>
> Besides, #ifdef around arm64_dma_phys_limit declaration can go away because
> this variable will be used only after it is initialized in
> zone_sizes_init().

Right, I will clean it up. Thanks again for careful reviewing.

>
> > #define CRASH_ADDR_HIGH_MAX (PHYS_MASK + 1)
> >
> > static int __init reserve_crashkernel_low(unsigned long long low_size)
> > @@ -389,8 +401,7 @@ void __init arm64_memblock_init(void)
> >
> > early_init_fdt_scan_reserved_mem();
> >
> > - if (!defer_reserve_crashkernel())
> > - reserve_crashkernel();
> > + reserve_crashkernel();
> >
> > high_memory = __va(memblock_end_of_DRAM() - 1) + 1;
> > }
> > @@ -434,13 +445,6 @@ void __init bootmem_init(void)
> > */
> > dma_contiguous_reserve(arm64_dma_phys_limit);
> >
> > - /*
> > - * request_standard_resources() depends on crashkernel's memory being
> > - * reserved, so do it here.
> > - */
> > - if (defer_reserve_crashkernel())
> > - reserve_crashkernel();
> > -
> > memblock_dump_all();
> > }
> >
> > diff --git a/arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c b/arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c
> > index e7ad44585f40..cdd338fa2115 100644
> > --- a/arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c
> > +++ b/arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c
> > @@ -547,13 +547,12 @@ static void __init map_mem(pgd_t *pgdp)
> > memblock_mark_nomap(kernel_start, kernel_end - kernel_start);
> >
> > #ifdef CONFIG_KEXEC_CORE
> > - if (crash_mem_map) {
> > - if (defer_reserve_crashkernel())
> > - flags |= NO_BLOCK_MAPPINGS | NO_CONT_MAPPINGS;
> > - else if (crashk_res.end)
> > - memblock_mark_nomap(crashk_res.start,
> > - resource_size(&crashk_res));
> > - }
> > + if (crashk_res.end)
> > + memblock_mark_nomap(crashk_res.start,
> > + resource_size(&crashk_res));
> > + if (crashk_low_res.end)
> > + memblock_mark_nomap(crashk_low_res.start,
> > + resource_size(&crashk_low_res));
> > #endif
> >
> > /* map all the memory banks */
> > @@ -589,16 +588,23 @@ static void __init map_mem(pgd_t *pgdp)
> > * through /sys/kernel/kexec_crash_size interface.
> > */
> > #ifdef CONFIG_KEXEC_CORE
> > - if (crash_mem_map && !defer_reserve_crashkernel()) {
> > - if (crashk_res.end) {
> > - __map_memblock(pgdp, crashk_res.start,
> > - crashk_res.end + 1,
> > - PAGE_KERNEL,
> > - NO_BLOCK_MAPPINGS | NO_CONT_MAPPINGS);
> > - memblock_clear_nomap(crashk_res.start,
> > - resource_size(&crashk_res));
> > - }
> > + if (crashk_res.end) {
> > + __map_memblock(pgdp, crashk_res.start,
> > + crashk_res.end + 1,
> > + PAGE_KERNEL,
> > + NO_BLOCK_MAPPINGS | NO_CONT_MAPPINGS);
> > + memblock_clear_nomap(crashk_res.start,
> > + resource_size(&crashk_res));
> > }
> > +
> > #endif
> > }
> >
> > --
> > 2.34.1
> >
> >
>
> --
> Sincerely yours,
> Mike.
>

Next message: Khalid Masum: "[PATCH v2] xfrm: ipcomp: Update ipcomp_scratches with NULL if alloc fails"
Previous message: Andy Shevchenko: "Re: [PATCH 1/2 v5] regmap: Support accelerated noinc operations"
In reply to: Mike Rapoport: "Re: [PATCH 1/2] arm64, kdump: enforce to take 4G as the crashkernel low memory end"
Next in thread: Baoquan He: "Re: [PATCH 0/2] arm64, kdump: enforce to take 4G as the crashkernel low memory end"
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