[PATCH v2] perf: Fix missing SIGTRAPs

From: Peter Zijlstra
Date: Tue Oct 11 2022 - 03:44:46 EST

Subject: perf: Fix missing SIGTRAPs
From: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Date: Thu Oct 6 15:00:39 CEST 2022

Marco reported:

Due to the implementation of how SIGTRAP are delivered if
perf_event_attr::sigtrap is set, we've noticed 3 issues:

1. Missing SIGTRAP due to a race with event_sched_out() (more
details below).

2. Hardware PMU events being disabled due to returning 1 from
perf_event_overflow(). The only way to re-enable the event is
for user space to first "properly" disable the event and then
re-enable it.

3. The inability to automatically disable an event after a
specified number of overflows via PERF_EVENT_IOC_REFRESH.

The worst of the 3 issues is problem (1), which occurs when a
pending_disable is "consumed" by a racing event_sched_out(), observed
as follows:

CPU0 | CPU1
--------------------------------+---------------------------
__perf_event_overflow() |
perf_event_disable_inatomic() |
pending_disable = CPU0 | ...
| _perf_event_enable()
| event_function_call()
| task_function_call()
| /* sends IPI to CPU0 */
<IPI> | ...
__perf_event_enable() +---------------------------
ctx_resched()
task_ctx_sched_out()
ctx_sched_out()
group_sched_out()
event_sched_out()
pending_disable = -1
</IPI>
<IRQ-work>
perf_pending_event()
perf_pending_event_disable()
/* Fails to send SIGTRAP because no pending_disable! */
</IRQ-work>

In the above case, not only is that particular SIGTRAP missed, but also
all future SIGTRAPs because 'event_limit' is not reset back to 1.

To fix, rework pending delivery of SIGTRAP via IRQ-work by introduction
of a separate 'pending_sigtrap', no longer using 'event_limit' and
'pending_disable' for its delivery.

Additionally; and different to Marco's proposed patch:

- recognise that pending_disable effectively duplicates oncpu for
the case where it is set. As such, change the irq_work handler to
use ->oncpu to target the event and use pending_* as boolean toggles.

- observe that SIGTRAP targets the ctx->task, so the context switch
optimization that carries contexts between tasks is invalid. If
the irq_work were delayed enough to hit after a context switch the
SIGTRAP would be delivered to the wrong task.

- observe that if the event gets scheduled out
(rotation/migration/context-switch/...) the irq-work would be
insufficient to deliver the SIGTRAP when the event gets scheduled
back in (the irq-work might still be pending on the old CPU).

Therefore have event_sched_out() convert the pending sigtrap into a
task_work which will deliver the signal at return_to_user.

Fixes: 97ba62b27867 ("perf: Add support for SIGTRAP on perf events")
Reported-by: Marco Elver <elver@xxxxxxxxxx>
Debugged-by: Marco Elver <elver@xxxxxxxxxx>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
---
include/linux/perf_event.h | 19 ++++-
kernel/events/core.c | 151 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------
kernel/events/ring_buffer.c | 2
3 files changed, 129 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

--- a/include/linux/perf_event.h
+++ b/include/linux/perf_event.h
@@ -736,11 +736,14 @@ struct perf_event {
struct fasync_struct *fasync;

/* delayed work for NMIs and such */
- int pending_wakeup;
- int pending_kill;
- int pending_disable;
+ unsigned int pending_wakeup;
+ unsigned int pending_kill;
+ unsigned int pending_disable;
+ unsigned int pending_sigtrap;
unsigned long pending_addr; /* SIGTRAP */
- struct irq_work pending;
+ struct irq_work pending_irq;
+ struct callback_head pending_task;
+ unsigned int pending_work;

atomic_t event_limit;

@@ -857,6 +860,14 @@ struct perf_event_context {
#endif
void *task_ctx_data; /* pmu specific data */
struct rcu_head rcu_head;
+
+ /*
+ * Sum (event->pending_sigtrap + event->pending_work)
+ *
+ * The SIGTRAP is targeted at ctx->task, as such it won't do changing
+ * that until the signal is delivered.
+ */
+ local_t nr_pending;
};

/*
--- a/kernel/events/core.c
+++ b/kernel/events/core.c
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@
#include <linux/highmem.h>
#include <linux/pgtable.h>
#include <linux/buildid.h>
+#include <linux/task_work.h>

#include "internal.h"

@@ -2268,11 +2269,26 @@ event_sched_out(struct perf_event *event
event->pmu->del(event, 0);
event->oncpu = -1;

- if (READ_ONCE(event->pending_disable) >= 0) {
- WRITE_ONCE(event->pending_disable, -1);
+ if (event->pending_disable) {
+ event->pending_disable = 0;
perf_cgroup_event_disable(event, ctx);
state = PERF_EVENT_STATE_OFF;
}
+
+ if (event->pending_sigtrap) {
+ bool dec = true;
+
+ event->pending_sigtrap = 0;
+ if (state != PERF_EVENT_STATE_OFF &&
+ !event->pending_work) {
+ event->pending_work = 1;
+ dec = false;
+ task_work_add(current, &event->pending_task, TWA_RESUME);
+ }
+ if (dec)
+ local_dec(&event->ctx->nr_pending);
+ }
+
perf_event_set_state(event, state);

if (!is_software_event(event))
@@ -2424,7 +2440,7 @@ static void __perf_event_disable(struct
* hold the top-level event's child_mutex, so any descendant that
* goes to exit will block in perf_event_exit_event().
*
- * When called from perf_pending_event it's OK because event->ctx
+ * When called from perf_pending_irq it's OK because event->ctx
* is the current context on this CPU and preemption is disabled,
* hence we can't get into perf_event_task_sched_out for this context.
*/
@@ -2463,9 +2479,8 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(perf_event_disable);

void perf_event_disable_inatomic(struct perf_event *event)
{
- WRITE_ONCE(event->pending_disable, smp_processor_id());
- /* can fail, see perf_pending_event_disable() */
- irq_work_queue(&event->pending);
+ event->pending_disable = 1;
+ irq_work_queue(&event->pending_irq);
}

#define MAX_INTERRUPTS (~0ULL)
@@ -3420,11 +3435,23 @@ static void perf_event_context_sched_out
raw_spin_lock_nested(&next_ctx->lock, SINGLE_DEPTH_NESTING);
if (context_equiv(ctx, next_ctx)) {

+ perf_pmu_disable(pmu);
+
+ /* PMIs are disabled; ctx->nr_pending is stable. */
+ if (local_read(&ctx->nr_pending) ||
+ local_read(&next_ctx->nr_pending)) {
+ /*
+ * Must not swap out ctx when there's pending
+ * events that rely on the ctx->task relation.
+ */
+ raw_spin_unlock(&next_ctx->lock);
+ rcu_read_unlock();
+ goto inside_switch;
+ }
+
WRITE_ONCE(ctx->task, next);
WRITE_ONCE(next_ctx->task, task);

- perf_pmu_disable(pmu);
-
if (cpuctx->sched_cb_usage && pmu->sched_task)
pmu->sched_task(ctx, false);

@@ -3465,6 +3492,7 @@ static void perf_event_context_sched_out
raw_spin_lock(&ctx->lock);
perf_pmu_disable(pmu);

+inside_switch:
if (cpuctx->sched_cb_usage && pmu->sched_task)
pmu->sched_task(ctx, false);
task_ctx_sched_out(cpuctx, ctx, EVENT_ALL);
@@ -4931,7 +4959,7 @@ static void perf_addr_filters_splice(str

static void _free_event(struct perf_event *event)
{
- irq_work_sync(&event->pending);
+ irq_work_sync(&event->pending_irq);

unaccount_event(event);

@@ -6431,7 +6459,8 @@ static void perf_sigtrap(struct perf_eve
return;

/*
- * perf_pending_event() can race with the task exiting.
+ * Both perf_pending_task() and perf_pending_irq() can race with the
+ * task exiting.
*/
if (current->flags & PF_EXITING)
return;
@@ -6440,23 +6469,33 @@ static void perf_sigtrap(struct perf_eve
event->attr.type, event->attr.sig_data);
}

-static void perf_pending_event_disable(struct perf_event *event)
+/*
+ * Deliver the pending work in-event-context or follow the context.
+ */
+static void __perf_pending_irq(struct perf_event *event)
{
- int cpu = READ_ONCE(event->pending_disable);
+ int cpu = READ_ONCE(event->oncpu);

+ /*
+ * If the event isn't running; we done. event_sched_out() will have
+ * taken care of things.
+ */
if (cpu < 0)
return;

+ /*
+ * Yay, we hit home and are in the context of the event.
+ */
if (cpu == smp_processor_id()) {
- WRITE_ONCE(event->pending_disable, -1);
-
- if (event->attr.sigtrap) {
+ if (event->pending_sigtrap) {
+ event->pending_sigtrap = 0;
perf_sigtrap(event);
- atomic_set_release(&event->event_limit, 1); /* rearm event */
- return;
+ local_dec(&event->ctx->nr_pending);
+ }
+ if (event->pending_disable) {
+ event->pending_disable = 0;
+ perf_event_disable_local(event);
}
-
- perf_event_disable_local(event);
return;
}

@@ -6476,35 +6515,62 @@ static void perf_pending_event_disable(s
* irq_work_queue(); // FAILS
*
* irq_work_run()
- * perf_pending_event()
+ * perf_pending_irq()
*
* But the event runs on CPU-B and wants disabling there.
*/
- irq_work_queue_on(&event->pending, cpu);
+ irq_work_queue_on(&event->pending_irq, cpu);
}

-static void perf_pending_event(struct irq_work *entry)
+static void perf_pending_irq(struct irq_work *entry)
{
- struct perf_event *event = container_of(entry, struct perf_event, pending);
+ struct perf_event *event = container_of(entry, struct perf_event, pending_irq);
int rctx;

- rctx = perf_swevent_get_recursion_context();
/*
* If we 'fail' here, that's OK, it means recursion is already disabled
* and we won't recurse 'further'.
*/
+ rctx = perf_swevent_get_recursion_context();

- perf_pending_event_disable(event);
-
+ /*
+ * The wakeup isn't bound to the context of the event -- it can happen
+ * irrespective of where the event is.
+ */
if (event->pending_wakeup) {
event->pending_wakeup = 0;
perf_event_wakeup(event);
}

+ __perf_pending_irq(event);
+
if (rctx >= 0)
perf_swevent_put_recursion_context(rctx);
}

+static void perf_pending_task(struct callback_head *head)
+{
+ struct perf_event *event = container_of(head, struct perf_event, pending_task);
+ int rctx;
+
+ /*
+ * If we 'fail' here, that's OK, it means recursion is already disabled
+ * and we won't recurse 'further'.
+ */
+ preempt_disable_notrace();
+ rctx = perf_swevent_get_recursion_context();
+
+ if (event->pending_work) {
+ event->pending_work = 0;
+ perf_sigtrap(event);
+ local_dec(&event->ctx->nr_pending);
+ }
+
+ if (rctx >= 0)
+ perf_swevent_put_recursion_context(rctx);
+ preempt_enable_notrace();
+}
+
#ifdef CONFIG_GUEST_PERF_EVENTS
struct perf_guest_info_callbacks __rcu *perf_guest_cbs;

@@ -9188,8 +9254,8 @@ int perf_event_account_interrupt(struct
*/

static int __perf_event_overflow(struct perf_event *event,
- int throttle, struct perf_sample_data *data,
- struct pt_regs *regs)
+ int throttle, struct perf_sample_data *data,
+ struct pt_regs *regs)
{
int events = atomic_read(&event->event_limit);
int ret = 0;
@@ -9212,24 +9278,36 @@ static int __perf_event_overflow(struct
if (events && atomic_dec_and_test(&event->event_limit)) {
ret = 1;
event->pending_kill = POLL_HUP;
- event->pending_addr = data->addr;
-
perf_event_disable_inatomic(event);
}

+ if (event->attr.sigtrap) {
+ /*
+ * Should not be able to return to user space without processing
+ * pending_sigtrap (kernel events can overflow multiple times).
+ */
+ WARN_ON_ONCE(event->pending_sigtrap && event->attr.exclude_kernel);
+ if (!event->pending_sigtrap) {
+ event->pending_sigtrap = 1;
+ local_inc(&event->ctx->nr_pending);
+ }
+ event->pending_addr = data->addr;
+ irq_work_queue(&event->pending_irq);
+ }
+
READ_ONCE(event->overflow_handler)(event, data, regs);

if (*perf_event_fasync(event) && event->pending_kill) {
event->pending_wakeup = 1;
- irq_work_queue(&event->pending);
+ irq_work_queue(&event->pending_irq);
}

return ret;
}

int perf_event_overflow(struct perf_event *event,
- struct perf_sample_data *data,
- struct pt_regs *regs)
+ struct perf_sample_data *data,
+ struct pt_regs *regs)
{
return __perf_event_overflow(event, 1, data, regs);
}
@@ -11537,8 +11615,8 @@ perf_event_alloc(struct perf_event_attr


init_waitqueue_head(&event->waitq);
- event->pending_disable = -1;
- init_irq_work(&event->pending, perf_pending_event);
+ init_irq_work(&event->pending_irq, perf_pending_irq);
+ init_task_work(&event->pending_task, perf_pending_task);

mutex_init(&event->mmap_mutex);
raw_spin_lock_init(&event->addr_filters.lock);
@@ -11560,9 +11638,6 @@ perf_event_alloc(struct perf_event_attr
if (parent_event)
event->event_caps = parent_event->event_caps;

- if (event->attr.sigtrap)
- atomic_set(&event->event_limit, 1);
-
if (task) {
event->attach_state = PERF_ATTACH_TASK;
/*
--- a/kernel/events/ring_buffer.c
+++ b/kernel/events/ring_buffer.c
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ static void perf_output_wakeup(struct pe
atomic_set(&handle->rb->poll, EPOLLIN);

handle->event->pending_wakeup = 1;
- irq_work_queue(&handle->event->pending);
+ irq_work_queue(&handle->event->pending_irq);
}

/*