[PATCH 5.10 053/390] hardening: Clarify Kconfig text for auto-var-init

From: Greg Kroah-Hartman
Date: Mon Oct 24 2022 - 09:06:12 EST


From: Kees Cook <keescook@xxxxxxxxxxxx>

commit dcb7c0b9461c2a30f6616262736daac6f01ecb09 upstream.

Clarify the details around the automatic variable initialization modes
available. Specifically this details the values used for pattern init
and expands on the rationale for zero init safety. Additionally makes
zero init the default when available.

Cc: glider@xxxxxxxxxx
Cc: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: linux-security-module@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Cc: clang-built-linux@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@xxxxxxxxxxxx>
Acked-by: Gustavo A. R. Silva <gustavoars@xxxxxxxxxx>
Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@xxxxxxxxxx>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
---
security/Kconfig.hardening | 52 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------------
1 file changed, 32 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)

--- a/security/Kconfig.hardening
+++ b/security/Kconfig.hardening
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ choice
prompt "Initialize kernel stack variables at function entry"
default GCC_PLUGIN_STRUCTLEAK_BYREF_ALL if COMPILE_TEST && GCC_PLUGINS
default INIT_STACK_ALL_PATTERN if COMPILE_TEST && CC_HAS_AUTO_VAR_INIT_PATTERN
+ default INIT_STACK_ALL_ZERO if CC_HAS_AUTO_VAR_INIT_PATTERN
default INIT_STACK_NONE
help
This option enables initialization of stack variables at
@@ -39,11 +40,11 @@ choice
syscalls.

This chooses the level of coverage over classes of potentially
- uninitialized variables. The selected class will be
+ uninitialized variables. The selected class of variable will be
initialized before use in a function.

config INIT_STACK_NONE
- bool "no automatic initialization (weakest)"
+ bool "no automatic stack variable initialization (weakest)"
help
Disable automatic stack variable initialization.
This leaves the kernel vulnerable to the standard
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ choice
and is disallowed.

config GCC_PLUGIN_STRUCTLEAK_BYREF_ALL
- bool "zero-init anything passed by reference (very strong)"
+ bool "zero-init everything passed by reference (very strong)"
depends on GCC_PLUGINS
depends on !(KASAN && KASAN_STACK=1)
select GCC_PLUGIN_STRUCTLEAK
@@ -91,33 +92,44 @@ choice
of uninitialized stack variable exploits and information
exposures.

+ As a side-effect, this keeps a lot of variables on the
+ stack that can otherwise be optimized out, so combining
+ this with CONFIG_KASAN_STACK can lead to a stack overflow
+ and is disallowed.
+
config INIT_STACK_ALL_PATTERN
- bool "0xAA-init everything on the stack (strongest)"
+ bool "pattern-init everything (strongest)"
depends on CC_HAS_AUTO_VAR_INIT_PATTERN
help
- Initializes everything on the stack with a 0xAA
- pattern. This is intended to eliminate all classes
- of uninitialized stack variable exploits and information
- exposures, even variables that were warned to have been
- left uninitialized.
+ Initializes everything on the stack (including padding)
+ with a specific debug value. This is intended to eliminate
+ all classes of uninitialized stack variable exploits and
+ information exposures, even variables that were warned about
+ having been left uninitialized.

Pattern initialization is known to provoke many existing bugs
related to uninitialized locals, e.g. pointers receive
- non-NULL values, buffer sizes and indices are very big.
+ non-NULL values, buffer sizes and indices are very big. The
+ pattern is situation-specific; Clang on 64-bit uses 0xAA
+ repeating for all types and padding except float and double
+ which use 0xFF repeating (-NaN). Clang on 32-bit uses 0xFF
+ repeating for all types and padding.

config INIT_STACK_ALL_ZERO
- bool "zero-init everything on the stack (strongest and safest)"
+ bool "zero-init everything (strongest and safest)"
depends on CC_HAS_AUTO_VAR_INIT_ZERO
help
- Initializes everything on the stack with a zero
- value. This is intended to eliminate all classes
- of uninitialized stack variable exploits and information
- exposures, even variables that were warned to have been
- left uninitialized.
-
- Zero initialization provides safe defaults for strings,
- pointers, indices and sizes, and is therefore
- more suitable as a security mitigation measure.
+ Initializes everything on the stack (including padding)
+ with a zero value. This is intended to eliminate all
+ classes of uninitialized stack variable exploits and
+ information exposures, even variables that were warned
+ about having been left uninitialized.
+
+ Zero initialization provides safe defaults for strings
+ (immediately NUL-terminated), pointers (NULL), indices
+ (index 0), and sizes (0 length), so it is therefore more
+ suitable as a production security mitigation than pattern
+ initialization.

endchoice