+ /*
+ * For FDT-based systems and ACPI IORT/VIOT, drivers register IOMMU
+ * instances with non-NULL fwnodes, and client devices should have been
+ * identified with a fwspec by this point. For Intel/AMD/s390/PAMU we
+ * can assume a single active driver with global ops, and so grab those
+ * from any registered instance, cheekily co-opting the same mechanism.
+ */
+ fwspec = dev_iommu_fwspec_get(dev);
+ if (fwspec && fwspec->ops)
+ ops = fwspec->ops;
+ else
+ ops = iommu_ops_from_fwnode(NULL);