[PATCH v4 6/9] ext4: Fix best extent lstart adjustment logic in ext4_mb_new_inode_pa()

[Ojaswin Mujoo]

When the length of best extent found is less than the length of goal extent
we need to make sure that the best extent atleast covers the start of the
original request. This is done by adjusting the ac_b_ex.fe_logical (logical
start) of the extent.

While doing so, the current logic sometimes results in the best extent's logical
range overflowing the goal extent. Since this best extent is later added to the
inode preallocation list, we have a possibility of introducing overlapping
preallocations. This is discussed in detail here [1].

To fix this, replace the existing logic with the below logic for adjusting best
extent as it keeps fragmentation in check while ensuring logical range of best
extent doesn't overflow out of goal extent:

1. Check if best extent can be kept at end of goal range and still cover
   original start.
2. Else, check if best extent can be kept at start of goal range and still cover
   original start.
3. Else, keep the best extent at start of original request.

Also, add a few extra BUG_ONs that might help catch errors faster.

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/r/Y+OGkVvzPN0RMv0O@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Signed-off-by: Ojaswin Mujoo <ojaswin@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
---
 fs/ext4/mballoc.c | 49 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------------
 1 file changed, 31 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/ext4/mballoc.c b/fs/ext4/mballoc.c
index fdb9d0a8f35d..ba9d26e2f2aa 100644
--- a/fs/ext4/mballoc.c
+++ b/fs/ext4/mballoc.c
@@ -4330,6 +4330,7 @@ static void ext4_mb_use_inode_pa(struct ext4_allocation_context *ac,
 	BUG_ON(start < pa->pa_pstart);
 	BUG_ON(end > pa->pa_pstart + EXT4_C2B(sbi, pa->pa_len));
 	BUG_ON(pa->pa_free < len);
+	BUG_ON(ac->ac_b_ex.fe_len <= 0);
 	pa->pa_free -= len;
 
 	mb_debug(ac->ac_sb, "use %llu/%d from inode pa %p\n", start, len, pa);
@@ -4668,10 +4669,8 @@ ext4_mb_new_inode_pa(struct ext4_allocation_context *ac)
 	pa = ac->ac_pa;
 
 	if (ac->ac_b_ex.fe_len < ac->ac_g_ex.fe_len) {
-		int winl;
-		int wins;
-		int win;
-		int offs;
+		int new_bex_start;
+		int new_bex_end;
 
 		/* we can't allocate as much as normalizer wants.
 		 * so, found space must get proper lstart
@@ -4679,26 +4678,40 @@ ext4_mb_new_inode_pa(struct ext4_allocation_context *ac)
 		BUG_ON(ac->ac_g_ex.fe_logical > ac->ac_o_ex.fe_logical);
 		BUG_ON(ac->ac_g_ex.fe_len < ac->ac_o_ex.fe_len);
 
-		/* we're limited by original request in that
-		 * logical block must be covered any way
-		 * winl is window we can move our chunk within */
-		winl = ac->ac_o_ex.fe_logical - ac->ac_g_ex.fe_logical;
+		/*
+		 * Use the below logic for adjusting best extent as it keeps
+		 * fragmentation in check while ensuring logical range of best
+		 * extent doesn't overflow out of goal extent:
+		 *
+		 * 1. Check if best ex can be kept at end of goal and still
+		 *    cover original start
+		 * 2. Else, check if best ex can be kept at start of goal and
+		 *    still cover original start
+		 * 3. Else, keep the best ex at start of original request.
+		 */
+		new_bex_end = ac->ac_g_ex.fe_logical +
+			EXT4_C2B(sbi, ac->ac_g_ex.fe_len);
+		new_bex_start = new_bex_end - EXT4_C2B(sbi, ac->ac_b_ex.fe_len);
+		if (ac->ac_o_ex.fe_logical >= new_bex_start)
+				goto adjust_bex;
 
-		/* also, we should cover whole original request */
-		wins = EXT4_C2B(sbi, ac->ac_b_ex.fe_len - ac->ac_o_ex.fe_len);
+		new_bex_start = ac->ac_g_ex.fe_logical;
+		new_bex_end =
+			new_bex_start + EXT4_C2B(sbi, ac->ac_b_ex.fe_len);
+		if (ac->ac_o_ex.fe_logical < new_bex_end)
+			goto adjust_bex;
 
-		/* the smallest one defines real window */
-		win = min(winl, wins);
+		new_bex_start = ac->ac_o_ex.fe_logical;
+		new_bex_end =
+			new_bex_start + EXT4_C2B(sbi, ac->ac_b_ex.fe_len);
 
-		offs = ac->ac_o_ex.fe_logical %
-			EXT4_C2B(sbi, ac->ac_b_ex.fe_len);
-		if (offs && offs < win)
-			win = offs;
+adjust_bex:
+		ac->ac_b_ex.fe_logical = new_bex_start;
 
-		ac->ac_b_ex.fe_logical = ac->ac_o_ex.fe_logical -
-			EXT4_NUM_B2C(sbi, win);
 		BUG_ON(ac->ac_o_ex.fe_logical < ac->ac_b_ex.fe_logical);
 		BUG_ON(ac->ac_o_ex.fe_len > ac->ac_b_ex.fe_len);
+		BUG_ON(new_bex_end > (ac->ac_g_ex.fe_logical +
+				      EXT4_C2B(sbi, ac->ac_g_ex.fe_len)));
 	}
 
 	/* preallocation can change ac_b_ex, thus we store actually
-- 
2.31.1