Re: [PATCH v6 15/20] kbuild: implement CONFIG_TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS without recursion

From: Masahiro Yamada
Date: Sun May 28 2023 - 03:40:50 EST

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In reply to: Nick Desaulniers: "Re: [PATCH v6 15/20] kbuild: implement CONFIG_TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS without recursion"
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On Fri, May 26, 2023 at 3:15 AM Nick Desaulniers
<ndesaulniers@xxxxxxxxxx> wrote:
>
> On Sun, May 21, 2023 at 9:05 AM Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@xxxxxxxxxx> wrote:
> >
> > When CONFIG_TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS is enabled, Kbuild recursively traverses
> > the directory tree to determine which EXPORT_SYMBOL to trim. If an
> > EXPORT_SYMBOL turns out to be unused by anyone, Kbuild begins the
> > second traverse, where some source files are recompiled with their
> > EXPORT_SYMBOL() tuned into a no-op.
> >
> > Linus stated negative opinions about this slowness in commits:
> >
> > - 5cf0fd591f2e ("Kbuild: disable TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS option")
> > - a555bdd0c58c ("Kbuild: enable TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS again, with some guarding")
> >
> > We can do this better now. The final data structures of EXPORT_SYMBOL
> > are generated by the modpost stage, so modpost can selectively emit
> > KSYMTAB entries that are really used by modules.
> >
> > Commit f73edc8951b2 ("kbuild: unify two modpost invocations") is another
> > ground-work to do this in a one-pass algorithm. With the list of modules,
> > modpost sets sym->used if it is used by a module. modpost emits KSYMTAB
> > only for symbols with sym->used==true.
> >
> > BTW, Nicolas explained why the trimming was implemented with recursion:
> >
> > https://lore.kernel.org/all/2o2rpn97-79nq-p7s2-nq5-8p83391473r@xxxxxxxxxxx/
> >
> > Actually, we never achieved that level of optimization where the chain
> > reaction of trimming comes into play because:
> >
> > - CONFIG_LTO_CLANG cannot remove any unused symbols
> > - CONFIG_LD_DEAD_CODE_DATA_ELIMINATION is enabled only for vmlinux,
> > but not modules
> >
> > If deeper trimming is required, we need to revisit this, but I guess
> > that is unlikely to happen.
>
> I think this patch removes the only 2 references to
> scripts/gen_autoksyms.sh in the tree. Can or should that be removed as
> well?

Good catch.
That script is no longer needed.
I will remove it too.

> The rest of the patch LGTM.
>
> >
> > Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@xxxxxxxxxx>
> > ---
> >
> > Changes in v5:
> > - Clean up more
> >
> > .gitignore | 1 -
> > Makefile | 19 +---------
> > include/linux/export.h | 65 +++++----------------------------
> > scripts/Makefile.build | 7 ----
> > scripts/Makefile.modpost | 7 ++++
> > scripts/adjust_autoksyms.sh | 73 -------------------------------------
> > scripts/basic/fixdep.c | 3 +-
> > scripts/gen_ksymdeps.sh | 30 ---------------
> > scripts/mod/modpost.c | 54 ++++++++++++++++++++++++---
> > scripts/remove-stale-files | 2 +
> > 10 files changed, 70 insertions(+), 191 deletions(-)
> > delete mode 100755 scripts/adjust_autoksyms.sh
> > delete mode 100755 scripts/gen_ksymdeps.sh
> >
> > diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
> > index 7f86e0837909..172e3874adfd 100644
> > --- a/.gitignore
> > +++ b/.gitignore
> > @@ -112,7 +112,6 @@ modules.order
> > #
> > /include/config/
> > /include/generated/
> > -/include/ksym/
> > /arch/*/include/generated/
> >
> > # stgit generated dirs
> > diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
> > index f836936fb4d8..ffc2c9b632fd 100644
> > --- a/Makefile
> > +++ b/Makefile
> > @@ -1193,28 +1193,13 @@ endif
> > export KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS
> > export KBUILD_LDS := arch/$(SRCARCH)/kernel/vmlinux.lds
> >
> > -# Recurse until adjust_autoksyms.sh is satisfied
> > -PHONY += autoksyms_recursive
> > ifdef CONFIG_TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS
> > # For the kernel to actually contain only the needed exported symbols,
> > # we have to build modules as well to determine what those symbols are.
> > # (this can be evaluated only once include/config/auto.conf has been included)
> > KBUILD_MODULES := 1
> > -
> > -autoksyms_recursive: $(build-dir) modules.order
> > - $(Q)$(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/adjust_autoksyms.sh \
> > - "$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/Makefile autoksyms_recursive"
> > endif
> >
> > -autoksyms_h := $(if $(CONFIG_TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS), include/generated/autoksyms.h)
> > -
> > -quiet_cmd_autoksyms_h = GEN $@
> > - cmd_autoksyms_h = mkdir -p $(dir $@); \
> > - $(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/gen_autoksyms.sh $@
> > -
> > -$(autoksyms_h):
> > - $(call cmd,autoksyms_h)
> > -
> > # '$(AR) mPi' needs 'T' to workaround the bug of llvm-ar <= 14
> > quiet_cmd_ar_vmlinux.a = AR $@
> > cmd_ar_vmlinux.a = \
> > @@ -1223,7 +1208,7 @@ quiet_cmd_ar_vmlinux.a = AR $@
> > $(AR) mPiT $$($(AR) t $@ | sed -n 1p) $@ $$($(AR) t $@ | grep -F -f $(srctree)/scripts/head-object-list.txt)
> >
> > targets += vmlinux.a
> > -vmlinux.a: $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS) scripts/head-object-list.txt autoksyms_recursive FORCE
> > +vmlinux.a: $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS) scripts/head-object-list.txt FORCE
> > $(call if_changed,ar_vmlinux.a)
> >
> > PHONY += vmlinux_o
> > @@ -1279,7 +1264,7 @@ scripts: scripts_basic scripts_dtc
> > PHONY += prepare archprepare
> >
> > archprepare: outputmakefile archheaders archscripts scripts include/config/kernel.release \
> > - asm-generic $(version_h) $(autoksyms_h) include/generated/utsrelease.h \
> > + asm-generic $(version_h) include/generated/utsrelease.h \
> > include/generated/compile.h include/generated/autoconf.h remove-stale-files
> >
> > prepare0: archprepare
> > diff --git a/include/linux/export.h b/include/linux/export.h
> > index 32461a01608c..9bf081ff9903 100644
> > --- a/include/linux/export.h
> > +++ b/include/linux/export.h
> > @@ -37,30 +37,13 @@ extern struct module __this_module;
> > #define __EXPORT_SYMBOL_REF(sym) .balign 4; .long sym
> > #endif
> >
> > -#define ____EXPORT_SYMBOL(sym, license, ns) \
> > +#define ___EXPORT_SYMBOL(sym, license, ns) \
> > .section ".export_symbol","a" ; \
> > __export_symbol_##license##_##sym: ; \
> > .asciz ns ; \
> > __EXPORT_SYMBOL_REF(sym) ; \
> > .previous
> >
> > -#ifdef __GENKSYMS__
> > -
> > -#define ___EXPORT_SYMBOL(sym, sec, ns) __GENKSYMS_EXPORT_SYMBOL(sym)
> > -
> > -#elif defined(__ASSEMBLY__)
> > -
> > -#define ___EXPORT_SYMBOL(sym, license, ns) \
> > - ____EXPORT_SYMBOL(sym, license, ns)
> > -
> > -#else
> > -
> > -#define ___EXPORT_SYMBOL(sym, license, ns) \
> > - __ADDRESSABLE(sym) \
> > - asm(__stringify(____EXPORT_SYMBOL(sym, license, ns)))
> > -
> > -#endif
> > -
> > #if !defined(CONFIG_MODULES) || defined(__DISABLE_EXPORTS)
> >
> > /*
> > @@ -70,50 +53,20 @@ extern struct module __this_module;
> > */
> > #define __EXPORT_SYMBOL(sym, sec, ns)
> >
> > -#elif defined(CONFIG_TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS)
> > +#elif defined(__GENKSYMS__)
> >
> > -#include <generated/autoksyms.h>
> > +#define __EXPORT_SYMBOL(sym, sec, ns) __GENKSYMS_EXPORT_SYMBOL(sym)
> >
> > -/*
> > - * For fine grained build dependencies, we want to tell the build system
> > - * about each possible exported symbol even if they're not actually exported.
> > - * We use a symbol pattern __ksym_marker_<symbol> that the build system filters
> > - * from the $(NM) output (see scripts/gen_ksymdeps.sh). These symbols are
> > - * discarded in the final link stage.
> > - */
> > +#elif defined(__ASSEMBLY__)
> >
> > -#ifdef __ASSEMBLY__
> > -
> > -#define __ksym_marker(sym) \
> > - .section ".discard.ksym","a" ; \
> > -__ksym_marker_##sym: ; \
> > - .previous
> > +#define __EXPORT_SYMBOL(sym, license, ns) \
> > + ___EXPORT_SYMBOL(sym, license, ns)
> >
> > #else
> >
> > -#define __ksym_marker(sym) \
> > - static int __ksym_marker_##sym[0] __section(".discard.ksym") __used
> > -
> > -#endif
> > -
> > -#define __EXPORT_SYMBOL(sym, sec, ns) \
> > - __ksym_marker(sym); \
> > - __cond_export_sym(sym, sec, ns, __is_defined(__KSYM_##sym))
> > -#define __cond_export_sym(sym, sec, ns, conf) \
> > - ___cond_export_sym(sym, sec, ns, conf)
> > -#define ___cond_export_sym(sym, sec, ns, enabled) \
> > - __cond_export_sym_##enabled(sym, sec, ns)
> > -#define __cond_export_sym_1(sym, sec, ns) ___EXPORT_SYMBOL(sym, sec, ns)
> > -
> > -#ifdef __GENKSYMS__
> > -#define __cond_export_sym_0(sym, sec, ns) __GENKSYMS_EXPORT_SYMBOL(sym)
> > -#else
> > -#define __cond_export_sym_0(sym, sec, ns) /* nothing */
> > -#endif
> > -
> > -#else
> > -
> > -#define __EXPORT_SYMBOL(sym, sec, ns) ___EXPORT_SYMBOL(sym, sec, ns)
> > +#define __EXPORT_SYMBOL(sym, license, ns) \
> > + __ADDRESSABLE(sym) \
> > + asm(__stringify(___EXPORT_SYMBOL(sym, license, ns)))
> >
> > #endif /* CONFIG_MODULES */
> >
> > diff --git a/scripts/Makefile.build b/scripts/Makefile.build
> > index bd4123795299..8154bd962eea 100644
> > --- a/scripts/Makefile.build
> > +++ b/scripts/Makefile.build
> > @@ -215,18 +215,12 @@ is-standard-object = $(if $(filter-out y%, $(OBJECT_FILES_NON_STANDARD_$(basetar
> >
> > $(obj)/%.o: objtool-enabled = $(if $(is-standard-object),$(if $(delay-objtool),$(is-single-obj-m),y))
> >
> > -ifdef CONFIG_TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS
> > -cmd_gen_ksymdeps = \
> > - $(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/scripts/gen_ksymdeps.sh $@ >> $(dot-target).cmd
> > -endif
> > -
> > ifneq ($(findstring 1, $(KBUILD_EXTRA_WARN)),)
> > cmd_warn_shared_object = $(if $(word 2, $(modname-multi)),$(warning $(kbuild-file): $*.o is added to multiple modules: $(modname-multi)))
> > endif
> >
> > define rule_cc_o_c
> > $(call cmd_and_fixdep,cc_o_c)
> > - $(call cmd,gen_ksymdeps)
> > $(call cmd,checksrc)
> > $(call cmd,checkdoc)
> > $(call cmd,gen_objtooldep)
> > @@ -237,7 +231,6 @@ endef
> >
> > define rule_as_o_S
> > $(call cmd_and_fixdep,as_o_S)
> > - $(call cmd,gen_ksymdeps)
> > $(call cmd,gen_objtooldep)
> > $(call cmd,gen_symversions_S)
> > $(call cmd,warn_shared_object)
> > diff --git a/scripts/Makefile.modpost b/scripts/Makefile.modpost
> > index 0980c58d8afc..1e0b47cbabd9 100644
> > --- a/scripts/Makefile.modpost
> > +++ b/scripts/Makefile.modpost
> > @@ -90,6 +90,13 @@ targets += .vmlinux.objs
> > .vmlinux.objs: vmlinux.a $(KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS) FORCE
> > $(call if_changed,vmlinux_objs)
> >
> > +ifdef CONFIG_TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS
> > +ksym-wl := $(CONFIG_UNUSED_KSYMS_WHITELIST)
> > +ksym-wl := $(if $(filter-out /%, $(ksym-wl)),$(srctree)/)$(ksym-wl)
> > +modpost-args += -t $(addprefix -W, $(ksym-wl))
> > +modpost-deps += $(ksym-wl)
> > +endif
> > +
> > ifeq ($(wildcard vmlinux.o),)
> > missing-input := vmlinux.o
> > output-symdump := modules-only.symvers
> > diff --git a/scripts/adjust_autoksyms.sh b/scripts/adjust_autoksyms.sh
> > deleted file mode 100755
> > index f1b5ac818411..000000000000
> > --- a/scripts/adjust_autoksyms.sh
> > +++ /dev/null
> > @@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
> > -#!/bin/sh
> > -# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
> > -
> > -# Script to update include/generated/autoksyms.h and dependency files
> > -#
> > -# Copyright: (C) 2016 Linaro Limited
> > -# Created by: Nicolas Pitre, January 2016
> > -#
> > -
> > -# Update the include/generated/autoksyms.h file.
> > -#
> > -# For each symbol being added or removed, the corresponding dependency
> > -# file's timestamp is updated to force a rebuild of the affected source
> > -# file. All arguments passed to this script are assumed to be a command
> > -# to be exec'd to trigger a rebuild of those files.
> > -
> > -set -e
> > -
> > -cur_ksyms_file="include/generated/autoksyms.h"
> > -new_ksyms_file="include/generated/autoksyms.h.tmpnew"
> > -
> > -info() {
> > - if [ "$quiet" != "silent_" ]; then
> > - printf " %-7s %s\n" "$1" "$2"
> > - fi
> > -}
> > -
> > -info "CHK" "$cur_ksyms_file"
> > -
> > -# Use "make V=1" to debug this script.
> > -case "$KBUILD_VERBOSE" in
> > -*1*)
> > - set -x
> > - ;;
> > -esac
> > -
> > -# Generate a new symbol list file
> > -$CONFIG_SHELL $srctree/scripts/gen_autoksyms.sh --modorder "$new_ksyms_file"
> > -
> > -# Extract changes between old and new list and touch corresponding
> > -# dependency files.
> > -changed=$(
> > -count=0
> > -sort "$cur_ksyms_file" "$new_ksyms_file" | uniq -u |
> > -sed -n 's/^#define __KSYM_$.*$ 1/\1/p' |
> > -while read sympath; do
> > - if [ -z "$sympath" ]; then continue; fi
> > - depfile="include/ksym/${sympath}"
> > - mkdir -p "$(dirname "$depfile")"
> > - touch "$depfile"
> > - # Filesystems with coarse time precision may create timestamps
> > - # equal to the one from a file that was very recently built and that
> > - # needs to be rebuild. Let's guard against that by making sure our
> > - # dep files are always newer than the first file we created here.
> > - while [ ! "$depfile" -nt "$new_ksyms_file" ]; do
> > - touch "$depfile"
> > - done
> > - echo $((count += 1))
> > -done | tail -1 )
> > -changed=${changed:-0}
> > -
> > -if [ $changed -gt 0 ]; then
> > - # Replace the old list with tne new one
> > - old=$(grep -c "^#define __KSYM_" "$cur_ksyms_file" || true)
> > - new=$(grep -c "^#define __KSYM_" "$new_ksyms_file" || true)
> > - info "KSYMS" "symbols: before=$old, after=$new, changed=$changed"
> > - info "UPD" "$cur_ksyms_file"
> > - mv -f "$new_ksyms_file" "$cur_ksyms_file"
> > - # Then trigger a rebuild of affected source files
> > - exec $@
> > -else
> > - rm -f "$new_ksyms_file"
> > -fi
> > diff --git a/scripts/basic/fixdep.c b/scripts/basic/fixdep.c
> > index fa562806c2be..84b6efa849f4 100644
> > --- a/scripts/basic/fixdep.c
> > +++ b/scripts/basic/fixdep.c
> > @@ -246,8 +246,7 @@ static void *read_file(const char *filename)
> > /* Ignore certain dependencies */
> > static int is_ignored_file(const char *s, int len)
> > {
> > - return str_ends_with(s, len, "include/generated/autoconf.h") ||
> > - str_ends_with(s, len, "include/generated/autoksyms.h");
> > + return str_ends_with(s, len, "include/generated/autoconf.h");
> > }
> >
> > /* Do not parse these files */
> > diff --git a/scripts/gen_ksymdeps.sh b/scripts/gen_ksymdeps.sh
> > deleted file mode 100755
> > index 8ee533f33659..000000000000
> > --- a/scripts/gen_ksymdeps.sh
> > +++ /dev/null
> > @@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
> > -#!/bin/sh
> > -# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> > -
> > -set -e
> > -
> > -# List of exported symbols
> > -#
> > -# If the object has no symbol, $NM warns 'no symbols'.
> > -# Suppress the stderr.
> > -# TODO:
> > -# Use -q instead of 2>/dev/null when we upgrade the minimum version of
> > -# binutils to 2.37, llvm to 13.0.0.
> > -ksyms=$($NM $1 2>/dev/null | sed -n 's/.*__ksym_marker_$.*$/\1/p')
> > -
> > -if [ -z "$ksyms" ]; then
> > - exit 0
> > -fi
> > -
> > -echo
> > -echo "ksymdeps_$1 := \\"
> > -
> > -for s in $ksyms
> > -do
> > - printf ' $(wildcard include/ksym/%s) \\\n' "$s"
> > -done
> > -
> > -echo
> > -echo "$1: \$(ksymdeps_$1)"
> > -echo
> > -echo "\$(ksymdeps_$1):"
> > diff --git a/scripts/mod/modpost.c b/scripts/mod/modpost.c
> > index f14fe9301ae6..516323c3910a 100644
> > --- a/scripts/mod/modpost.c
> > +++ b/scripts/mod/modpost.c
> > @@ -35,6 +35,9 @@ static bool warn_unresolved;
> >
> > static int sec_mismatch_count;
> > static bool sec_mismatch_warn_only = true;
> > +/* Trim EXPORT_SYMBOLs that are unused by in-tree modules */
> > +static bool trim_unused_exports;
> > +
> > /* ignore missing files */
> > static bool ignore_missing_files;
> > /* If set to 1, only warn (instead of error) about missing ns imports */
> > @@ -217,6 +220,7 @@ struct symbol {
> > bool weak;
> > bool is_func;
> > bool is_gpl_only; /* exported by EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL */
> > + bool used; /* there exists a user of this symbol */
> > char name[];
> > };
> >
> > @@ -1772,6 +1776,7 @@ static void check_exports(struct module *mod)
> > continue;
> > }
> >
> > + exp->used = true;
> > s->module = exp->module;
> > s->crc_valid = exp->crc_valid;
> > s->crc = exp->crc;
> > @@ -1795,6 +1800,23 @@ static void check_exports(struct module *mod)
> > }
> > }
> >
> > +static void handle_white_list_exports(const char *white_list)
> > +{
> > + char *buf, *p, *name;
> > +
> > + buf = read_text_file(white_list);
> > + p = buf;
> > +
> > + while ((name = strsep(&p, "\n"))) {
> > + struct symbol *sym = find_symbol(name);
> > +
> > + if (sym)
> > + sym->used = true;
> > + }
> > +
> > + free(buf);
> > +}
> > +
> > static void check_modname_len(struct module *mod)
> > {
> > const char *mod_name;
> > @@ -1865,10 +1887,14 @@ static void add_exported_symbols(struct buffer *buf, struct module *mod)
> >
> > /* generate struct for exported symbols */
> > buf_printf(buf, "\n");
> > - list_for_each_entry(sym, &mod->exported_symbols, list)
> > + list_for_each_entry(sym, &mod->exported_symbols, list) {
> > + if (trim_unused_exports && !sym->used)
> > + continue;
> > +
> > buf_printf(buf, "KSYMTAB_%s(%s, \"%s\", \"%s\");\n",
> > sym->is_func ? "FUNC" : "DATA", sym->name,
> > sym->is_gpl_only ? "_gpl" : "", sym->namespace);
> > + }
> >
> > if (!modversions)
> > return;
> > @@ -1876,6 +1902,9 @@ static void add_exported_symbols(struct buffer *buf, struct module *mod)
> > /* record CRCs for exported symbols */
> > buf_printf(buf, "\n");
> > list_for_each_entry(sym, &mod->exported_symbols, list) {
> > + if (trim_unused_exports && !sym->used)
> > + continue;
> > +
> > if (!sym->crc_valid)
> > warn("EXPORT symbol \"%s\" [%s%s] version generation failed, symbol will not be versioned.\n"
> > "Is \"%s\" prototyped in <asm/asm-prototypes.h>?\n",
> > @@ -2039,9 +2068,6 @@ static void write_mod_c_file(struct module *mod)
> > char fname[PATH_MAX];
> > int ret;
> >
> > - check_modname_len(mod);
> > - check_exports(mod);
> > -
> > add_header(&buf, mod);
> > add_exported_symbols(&buf, mod);
> > add_versions(&buf, mod);
> > @@ -2175,12 +2201,13 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
> > {
> > struct module *mod;
> > char *missing_namespace_deps = NULL;
> > + char *unused_exports_white_list = NULL;
> > char *dump_write = NULL, *files_source = NULL;
> > int opt;
> > LIST_HEAD(dump_lists);
> > struct dump_list *dl, *dl2;
> >
> > - while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "ei:mnT:o:awENd:")) != -1) {
> > + while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "ei:mntT:tW:o:awENd:")) != -1) {
> > switch (opt) {
> > case 'e':
> > external_module = true;
> > @@ -2205,6 +2232,12 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
> > case 'T':
> > files_source = optarg;
> > break;
> > + case 't':
> > + trim_unused_exports = true;
> > + break;
> > + case 'W':
> > + unused_exports_white_list = optarg;
> > + break;
> > case 'w':
> > warn_unresolved = true;
> > break;
> > @@ -2234,6 +2267,17 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
> > if (files_source)
> > read_symbols_from_files(files_source);
> >
> > + list_for_each_entry(mod, &modules, list) {
> > + if (mod->from_dump || mod->is_vmlinux)
> > + continue;
> > +
> > + check_modname_len(mod);
> > + check_exports(mod);
> > + }
> > +
> > + if (unused_exports_white_list)
> > + handle_white_list_exports(unused_exports_white_list);
> > +
> > list_for_each_entry(mod, &modules, list) {
> > if (mod->from_dump)
> > continue;
> > diff --git a/scripts/remove-stale-files b/scripts/remove-stale-files
> > index 7f432900671a..8502a17d47df 100755
> > --- a/scripts/remove-stale-files
> > +++ b/scripts/remove-stale-files
> > @@ -33,3 +33,5 @@ rm -f rust/target.json
> > rm -f scripts/bin2c
> >
> > rm -f .scmversion
> > +
> > +rm -rf include/ksym
> > --
> > 2.39.2
> >
>
>
> --
> Thanks,
> ~Nick Desaulniers

--
Best Regards
Masahiro Yamada

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