Re: [PATCH v28 2/6] fs/proc/task_mmu: Implement IOCTL to get and optionally clear info about PTEs

[Michał Mirosław]

On Wed, 9 Aug 2023 at 08:16, Muhammad Usama Anjum
<usama.anjum@xxxxxxxxxxxxx> wrote:
> This IOCTL, PAGEMAP_SCAN on pagemap file can be used to get and/or clear
> the info about page table entries. The following operations are supported
> in this ioctl:
> - Get the information if the pages have Async Write-Protection enabled
>   (``PAGE_IS_WPALLOWED``), have been written to (``PAGE_IS_WRITTEN``), file
>   mapped (``PAGE_IS_FILE``), present (``PAGE_IS_PRESENT``), swapped
>   (``PAGE_IS_SWAPPED``) or page has pfn zero (``PAGE_IS_PFNZERO``).
> - Find pages which have been written to and/or write protect
>   (atomic ``PM_SCAN_WP_MATCHING + PM_SCAN_CHECK_WPASYNC``) the pages
>   atomically. The (``PM_SCAN_WP_MATCHING``) is used to WP the matched
>   pages. The (``PM_SCAN_CHECK_WPASYNC``) aborts the operation if
>   non-Async-Write-Protected pages are found. Get is automatically performed
>   if output buffer is specified.
>
> This IOCTL can be extended to get information about more PTE bits. The
> entire address range passed by user [start, end) is scanned until either
> the user provided buffer is full or max_pages have been found.
>
> Reviewed-by: Andrei Vagin <avagin@xxxxxxxxx>
> Reviewed-by: Michał Mirosław <mirq-linux@xxxxxxxxxxxx>

Still applies, thanks! Please find some mostly-polishing comments below.

> Signed-off-by: Michał Mirosław <mirq-linux@xxxxxxxxxxxx>
> Signed-off-by: Muhammad Usama Anjum <usama.anjum@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>

> ---
> Changes in v28:
> - Fix walk_end one last time after doing through testing
>
> Changes in v27:
> - Add PAGE_IS_HUGE

It seems to be missing from the commitmsg, though. But maybe listing
all the flags there is redundant, since a doc is coming anyway and the
values are listed in the .h?

[...]
> --- a/fs/proc/task_mmu.c
> +++ b/fs/proc/task_mmu.c
[...]
> +#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
> +static unsigned long pagemap_thp_category(pmd_t pmd)
> +{
> +       unsigned long categories = PAGE_IS_HUGE;
> +
> +       if (pmd_present(pmd)) {
> +               categories |= PAGE_IS_PRESENT;
> +               if (!pmd_uffd_wp(pmd))
> +                       categories |= PAGE_IS_WRITTEN;
> +               if (is_zero_pfn(pmd_pfn(pmd)))
> +                       categories |= PAGE_IS_PFNZERO;
> +       } else if (is_swap_pmd(pmd)) {
> +               categories |= PAGE_IS_SWAPPED;
> +               if (!pmd_swp_uffd_wp(pmd))
> +                       categories |= PAGE_IS_WRITTEN;
> +       }
> +
> +       return categories;
> +}

I guess THPs can't be file-backed currently, but can we somehow mark
this assumption so it can be easily found if the capability arrives?

> +#endif /* CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE */
> +
> +#ifdef CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE
> +static unsigned long pagemap_hugetlb_category(pte_t pte)
> +{
> +       unsigned long categories = PAGE_IS_HUGE;
> +
> +       if (pte_present(pte)) {
> +               categories |= PAGE_IS_PRESENT;
> +               if (!huge_pte_uffd_wp(pte))
> +                       categories |= PAGE_IS_WRITTEN;
> +               if (!PageAnon(pte_page(pte)))
> +                       categories |= PAGE_IS_FILE;
> +               if (is_zero_pfn(pte_pfn(pte)))
> +                       categories |= PAGE_IS_PFNZERO;
> +       } else if (is_swap_pte(pte)) {
> +               categories |= PAGE_IS_SWAPPED;
> +               if (!pte_swp_uffd_wp_any(pte))
> +                       categories |= PAGE_IS_WRITTEN;
> +       }

BTW, can a HugeTLB page be file-backed and swapped out?

> +static void pagemap_scan_backout_range(struct pagemap_scan_private *p,
> +                                      unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
> +                                      unsigned long walk_end_addr)
> +{
> +       struct page_region *cur_buf = &p->cur_buf;
> +
> +       if (cur_buf->start != addr)
> +               cur_buf->end = addr;
> +       else
> +               cur_buf->start = cur_buf->end = 0;
> +
> +       p->walk_end_addr = walk_end_addr;
> +       p->found_pages -= (end - addr) / PAGE_SIZE;
> +}

When would `walk_end_addr` be different from `end`? Maybe it would be
easier to understand if the `p->walk_end_addr` update was pushed to
the callers? (Actually: the one that wants to change it.)

> +static int pagemap_scan_output(unsigned long categories,
> +                              struct pagemap_scan_private *p,
> +                              unsigned long addr, unsigned long *end)
> +{
> +       unsigned long n_pages, total_pages;
> +       int ret = 0;
> +
> +       if (!p->vec_buf)
> +               return 0;
> +
> +       categories &= p->arg.return_mask;
> +
> +       n_pages = (*end - addr) / PAGE_SIZE;
> +       if (check_add_overflow(p->found_pages, n_pages, &total_pages) || //TODO
> +           total_pages > p->arg.max_pages) {

Re: TODO: Is there anything left to change here?

> +               size_t n_too_much = total_pages - p->arg.max_pages;
> +               *end -= n_too_much * PAGE_SIZE;
> +               n_pages -= n_too_much;
> +               ret = -ENOSPC;
> +       }
[...]

> +static int pagemap_scan_thp_entry(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long start,
> +                                 unsigned long end, struct mm_walk *walk)
> +{
> +#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
> +       struct pagemap_scan_private *p = walk->private;
> +       struct vm_area_struct *vma = walk->vma;
> +       unsigned long categories;
> +       spinlock_t *ptl;
> +       int ret = 0;
> +
> +       ptl = pmd_trans_huge_lock(pmd, vma);
> +       if (!ptl)
> +               return -ENOENT;
> +
> +       categories = p->cur_vma_category | pagemap_thp_category(*pmd);
> +
> +       if (!pagemap_scan_is_interesting_page(categories, p))
> +               goto out_unlock;
> +
> +       ret = pagemap_scan_output(categories, p, start, &end);
> +       if (start == end)
> +               goto out_unlock;
> +
> +       if (~p->arg.flags & PM_SCAN_WP_MATCHING)
> +               goto out_unlock;
> +       if (~categories & PAGE_IS_WRITTEN)
> +               goto out_unlock;
> +
> +       /*
> +        * Break huge page into small pages if the WP operation
> +        * need to be performed is on a portion of the huge page.

"needs to be performed on ..."

> +        */
> +       if (end != start + HPAGE_SIZE) {
> +               spin_unlock(ptl);
> +               split_huge_pmd(vma, pmd, start);
> +               pagemap_scan_backout_range(p, start, end, 0);
> +               /* Indicate to caller for processing these as normal pages */

Nit: "Report as if there was no THP." ?

> +static int pagemap_scan_pmd_entry(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long start,
> +                                 unsigned long end, struct mm_walk *walk)
> +{
> +       struct pagemap_scan_private *p = walk->private;
> +       struct vm_area_struct *vma = walk->vma;
> +       pte_t *pte, *start_pte;
> +       unsigned long addr;
> +       bool flush = false;
> +       spinlock_t *ptl;
> +       int ret;
> +
> +       arch_enter_lazy_mmu_mode();
> +
> +       ret = pagemap_scan_thp_entry(pmd, start, end, walk);
> +       if (ret != -ENOENT) {
> +               arch_leave_lazy_mmu_mode();
> +               return ret;
> +       }
> +
> +       ret = 0;
> +       start_pte = pte = pte_offset_map_lock(vma->vm_mm, pmd, start, &ptl);
> +       if (!pte) {
> +               arch_leave_lazy_mmu_mode();
> +               walk->action = ACTION_AGAIN;
> +               return 0;
> +       }
> +
> +       for (addr = start; addr != end; pte++, addr += PAGE_SIZE) {
> +               unsigned long categories = p->cur_vma_category |
> +                                          pagemap_page_category(p, vma, addr, ptep_get(pte));
> +               unsigned long next = addr + PAGE_SIZE;
> +
> +               if (!pagemap_scan_is_interesting_page(categories, p))
> +                       continue;
> +
> +               ret = pagemap_scan_output(categories, p, addr, &next);
> +               if (next == addr)
> +                       break;
> +
> +               if (~p->arg.flags & PM_SCAN_WP_MATCHING)
> +                       continue;
> +               if (~categories & PAGE_IS_WRITTEN)
> +                       continue;
> +
> +               make_uffd_wp_pte(vma, addr, pte);
> +               if (!flush) {
> +                       start = addr;
> +                       flush = true;
> +               }

A quick improvement:

/* instead of `flush` declaration */ unsigned long flush_end = 0;

if (!flush_end)
  start = addr;
flush_end = next;

> +       }
> +
> +       if (flush)
> +               flush_tlb_range(vma, start, addr);

And here:
if (flush_end)
  flush_tlb_range(vma, start, flush_end);

> +       pte_unmap_unlock(start_pte, ptl);
> +       arch_leave_lazy_mmu_mode();
> +
> +       cond_resched();
> +       return ret;
> +}

[...]
> +static long do_pagemap_scan(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long uarg)
> +{
> +       struct mmu_notifier_range range;
> +       struct pagemap_scan_private p;
> +       unsigned long walk_start;
> +       size_t n_ranges_out = 0;
> +       int ret;
> +
> +       memset(&p, 0, sizeof(p));
> +       ret = pagemap_scan_get_args(&p.arg, uarg);
> +       if (ret)
> +               return ret;
> +
> +       p.masks_of_interest = MASKS_OF_INTEREST(p.arg);

Please inline the macro as here is the only use of it.

[...]
> +       walk_start = p.arg.start;
> +       for (; walk_start < p.arg.end; walk_start = p.arg.walk_end) {

Nit: the initialization statement can now be part of the for().

> +               int n_out;
> +
> +               if (fatal_signal_pending(current)) {
> +                       ret = -EINTR;
> +                       break;
> +               }
> +
> +               ret = mmap_read_lock_killable(mm);
> +               if (ret)
> +                       break;
> +               ret = walk_page_range(mm, walk_start, p.arg.end,
> +                                     &pagemap_scan_ops, &p);
> +               mmap_read_unlock(mm);
> +
> +               n_out = pagemap_scan_flush_buffer(&p);
> +               if (n_out < 0)
> +                       ret = n_out;
> +               else
> +                       n_ranges_out += n_out;
> +
> +               if (!ret)
> +                       p.walk_end_addr = p.arg.end;
> +
> +               if (ret != -ENOSPC || p.arg.vec_len - 1 == 0 ||
> +                   p.found_pages == p.arg.max_pages)
> +                       break;

The second condition is equivalent to `p.arg.vec_len == 1`, but why is
that an ending condition? Isn't the last entry enough to gather one
more range? (The walk could have returned -ENOSPC due to buffer full
and after flushing it could continue with the last free entry.)

[...]
> --- a/include/linux/hugetlb.h
> +++ b/include/linux/hugetlb.h
> @@ -259,6 +259,7 @@ long hugetlb_change_protection(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
>                 unsigned long cp_flags);
>
>  bool is_hugetlb_entry_migration(pte_t pte);
> +bool is_hugetlb_entry_hwpoisoned(pte_t pte);
>  void hugetlb_unshare_all_pmds(struct vm_area_struct *vma);
>
>  #else /* !CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE */
> diff --git a/include/uapi/linux/fs.h b/include/uapi/linux/fs.h
> index b7b56871029c5..1c9d38af1015e 100644
> --- a/include/uapi/linux/fs.h
> +++ b/include/uapi/linux/fs.h
> @@ -305,4 +305,63 @@ typedef int __bitwise __kernel_rwf_t;
>  #define RWF_SUPPORTED  (RWF_HIPRI | RWF_DSYNC | RWF_SYNC | RWF_NOWAIT |\
>                          RWF_APPEND)
>
> +/* Pagemap ioctl */
> +#define PAGEMAP_SCAN   _IOWR('f', 16, struct pm_scan_arg)
> +
> +/* Bits are set in flags of the page_region and masks in pm_scan_args */

"Bitmasks provided in pm_scan_args masks and reported in
page_region.categories."

> +#define PAGE_IS_WPALLOWED      (1 << 0)
> +#define PAGE_IS_WRITTEN                (1 << 1)
> +#define PAGE_IS_FILE           (1 << 2)
> +#define PAGE_IS_PRESENT                (1 << 3)
> +#define PAGE_IS_SWAPPED                (1 << 4)
> +#define PAGE_IS_PFNZERO                (1 << 5)
> +#define PAGE_IS_HUGE           (1 << 6)
> +
> +/*
> + * struct page_region - Page region with flags
> + * @start:     Start of the region
> + * @end:       End of the region (exclusive)
> + * @categories:        PAGE_IS_* category bitmask for the region
> + */
> +struct page_region {
> +       __u64 start;
> +       __u64 end;
> +       __u64 categories;
> +};
> +
> +/* Flags for PAGEMAP_SCAN ioctl */
> +#define PM_SCAN_WP_MATCHING    (1 << 0)        /* Write protect the pages matched. */
> +#define PM_SCAN_CHECK_WPASYNC  (1 << 1)        /* Abort the scan when a non-WP-enabled page is found. */
> +
> +/*
> + * struct pm_scan_arg - Pagemap ioctl argument
> + * @size:              Size of the structure
> + * @flags:             Flags for the IOCTL
> + * @start:             Starting address of the region
> + * @end:               Ending address of the region
> + * @walk_end           Address where the scan stopped (written by kernel).
> + *                     walk_end == end informs that the scan completed on entire range.

Can we ensure this holds also for the tagged pointers?

> + * @vec:               Address of page_region struct array for output
> + * @vec_len:           Length of the page_region struct array
> + * @max_pages:         Optional limit for number of returned pages (0 = disabled)
> + * @category_inverted: PAGE_IS_* categories which values match if 0 instead of 1
> + * @category_mask:     Skip pages for which any category doesn't match
> + * @category_anyof_mask: Skip pages for which no category matches
> + * @return_mask:       PAGE_IS_* categories that are to be reported in `page_region`s returned
> + */
[...]

Best Regards
Michał Mirosław