Re: [PATCH v3 3/3] x86/hyperv: Make encrypted/decrypted changes safe for load_unaligned_zeropad()

[Kuppuswamy Sathyanarayanan]

On 1/5/2024 10:30 AM, mhkelley58@xxxxxxxxx wrote:
> From: Michael Kelley <mhklinux@xxxxxxxxxxx>
> 
> In a CoCo VM, when transitioning memory from encrypted to decrypted, or
> vice versa, the caller of set_memory_encrypted() or set_memory_decrypted()
> is responsible for ensuring the memory isn't in use and isn't referenced
> while the transition is in progress.  The transition has multiple steps,
> and the memory is in an inconsistent state until all steps are complete.
> A reference while the state is inconsistent could result in an exception
> that can't be cleanly fixed up.
> 
> However, the kernel load_unaligned_zeropad() mechanism could cause a stray
> reference that can't be prevented by the caller of set_memory_encrypted()
> or set_memory_decrypted(), so there's specific code to handle this case.
> But a CoCo VM running on Hyper-V may be configured to run with a paravisor,
> with the #VC or #VE exception routed to the paravisor. There's no
> architectural way to forward the exceptions back to the guest kernel, and
> in such a case, the load_unaligned_zeropad() specific code doesn't work.
> 
> To avoid this problem, mark pages as "not present" while a transition
> is in progress. If load_unaligned_zeropad() causes a stray reference, a
> normal page fault is generated instead of #VC or #VE, and the
> page-fault-based fixup handlers for load_unaligned_zeropad() resolve the
> reference. When the encrypted/decrypted transition is complete, mark the
> pages as "present" again.

Change looks good to me. But I am wondering why are adding it part of prepare
and finish callbacks instead of directly in set_memory_encrypted() function.

Reviewed-by: Kuppuswamy Sathyanarayanan <sathyanarayanan.kuppuswamy@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>


> 
> Signed-off-by: Michael Kelley <mhklinux@xxxxxxxxxxx>
> ---
>  arch/x86/hyperv/ivm.c | 49 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---
>  1 file changed, 46 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/arch/x86/hyperv/ivm.c b/arch/x86/hyperv/ivm.c
> index 8ba18635e338..5ad39256a5d2 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/hyperv/ivm.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/hyperv/ivm.c
> @@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
>  #include <asm/io.h>
>  #include <asm/coco.h>
>  #include <asm/mem_encrypt.h>
> +#include <asm/set_memory.h>
>  #include <asm/mshyperv.h>
>  #include <asm/hypervisor.h>
>  #include <asm/mtrr.h>
> @@ -502,6 +503,31 @@ static int hv_mark_gpa_visibility(u16 count, const u64 pfn[],
>  		return -EFAULT;
>  }
>  
> +/*
> + * When transitioning memory between encrypted and decrypted, the caller
> + * of set_memory_encrypted() or set_memory_decrypted() is responsible for
> + * ensuring that the memory isn't in use and isn't referenced while the
> + * transition is in progress.  The transition has multiple steps, and the
> + * memory is in an inconsistent state until all steps are complete. A
> + * reference while the state is inconsistent could result in an exception
> + * that can't be cleanly fixed up.
> + *
> + * But the Linux kernel load_unaligned_zeropad() mechanism could cause a
> + * stray reference that can't be prevented by the caller, so Linux has
> + * specific code to handle this case. But when the #VC and #VE exceptions
> + * routed to a paravisor, the specific code doesn't work. To avoid this
> + * problem, mark the pages as "not present" while the transition is in
> + * progress. If load_unaligned_zeropad() causes a stray reference, a normal
> + * page fault is generated instead of #VC or #VE, and the page-fault-based
> + * handlers for load_unaligned_zeropad() resolve the reference.  When the
> + * transition is complete, hv_vtom_set_host_visibility() marks the pages
> + * as "present" again.
> + */
> +static bool hv_vtom_clear_present(unsigned long kbuffer, int pagecount, bool enc)
> +{
> +	return !set_memory_np(kbuffer, pagecount);
> +}
> +
>  /*
>   * hv_vtom_set_host_visibility - Set specified memory visible to host.
>   *
> @@ -521,7 +547,7 @@ static bool hv_vtom_set_host_visibility(unsigned long kbuffer, int pagecount, bo
>  
>  	pfn_array = kmalloc(HV_HYP_PAGE_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
>  	if (!pfn_array)
> -		return false;
> +		goto err_set_memory_p;
>  
>  	for (i = 0, pfn = 0; i < pagecount; i++) {
>  		/*
> @@ -545,14 +571,30 @@ static bool hv_vtom_set_host_visibility(unsigned long kbuffer, int pagecount, bo
>  		}
>  	}
>  
> - err_free_pfn_array:
> +err_free_pfn_array:
>  	kfree(pfn_array);
> +
> +err_set_memory_p:
> +	/*
> +	 * Set the PTE PRESENT bits again to revert what hv_vtom_clear_present()
> +	 * did. Do this even if there is an error earlier in this function in
> +	 * order to avoid leaving the memory range in a "broken" state. Setting
> +	 * the PRESENT bits shouldn't fail, but return an error if it does.
> +	 */
> +	if (set_memory_p(kbuffer, pagecount))
> +		result = false;
> +
>  	return result;
>  }
>  
>  static bool hv_vtom_tlb_flush_required(bool private)
>  {
> -	return true;
> +	/*
> +	 * Since hv_vtom_clear_present() marks the PTEs as "not present"
> +	 * and flushes the TLB, they can't be in the TLB. That makes the
> +	 * flush controlled by this function redundant, so return "false".
> +	 */
> +	return false;
>  }
>  
>  static bool hv_vtom_cache_flush_required(void)
> @@ -615,6 +657,7 @@ void __init hv_vtom_init(void)
>  	x86_platform.hyper.is_private_mmio = hv_is_private_mmio;
>  	x86_platform.guest.enc_cache_flush_required = hv_vtom_cache_flush_required;
>  	x86_platform.guest.enc_tlb_flush_required = hv_vtom_tlb_flush_required;
> +	x86_platform.guest.enc_status_change_prepare = hv_vtom_clear_present;
>  	x86_platform.guest.enc_status_change_finish = hv_vtom_set_host_visibility;
>  
>  	/* Set WB as the default cache mode. */

-- 
Sathyanarayanan Kuppuswamy
Linux Kernel Developer