+ /*
+ * If the ATS invalidation target device is gone this moment (surprise
+ * removed, died, no response) don't try this request again. this
+ * request will not get valid result anymore. but the request was
+ * already submitted to hardware and we predict to get a ITE in
+ * followed batch of request, if so, it will get handled then.
+ */
+ if (target_pdev && !pci_device_is_present(target_pdev))
+ return -EINVAL;