[PATCH V4 3/4] KVM: x86: Add a capability to configure bus frequency for APIC timer

From: Reinette Chatre
Date: Thu Mar 21 2024 - 12:47:09 EST

From: Isaku Yamahata <isaku.yamahata@xxxxxxxxx>

Add KVM_CAP_X86_APIC_BUS_FREQUENCY capability to configure the APIC
bus clock frequency for APIC timer emulation.
Allow KVM_ENABLE_CAPABILITY(KVM_CAP_X86_APIC_BUS_FREQUENCY) to set the
frequency in nanoseconds. When using this capability, the user space
VMM should configure CPUID leaf 0x15 to advertise the frequency.

Vishal reported that the TDX guest kernel expects a 25MHz APIC bus
frequency but ends up getting interrupts at a significantly higher rate.

The TDX architecture hard-codes the core crystal clock frequency to
25MHz and mandates exposing it via CPUID leaf 0x15. The TDX architecture
does not allow the VMM to override the value.

In addition, per Intel SDM:
"The APIC timer frequency will be the processor’s bus clock or core
crystal clock frequency (when TSC/core crystal clock ratio is
enumerated in CPUID leaf 0x15) divided by the value specified in
the divide configuration register."

The resulting 25MHz APIC bus frequency conflicts with the KVM hardcoded
APIC bus frequency of 1GHz.

The KVM doesn't enumerate CPUID leaf 0x15 to the guest unless the user
space VMM sets it using KVM_SET_CPUID. If the CPUID leaf 0x15 is
enumerated, the guest kernel uses it as the APIC bus frequency. If not,
the guest kernel measures the frequency based on other known timers like
the ACPI timer or the legacy PIT. As reported by Vishal the TDX guest
kernel expects a 25MHz timer frequency but gets timer interrupt more
frequently due to the 1GHz frequency used by KVM.

To ensure that the guest doesn't have a conflicting view of the APIC bus
frequency, allow the userspace to tell KVM to use the same frequency that
TDX mandates instead of the default 1Ghz.

There are several options to address this:
1. Make the KVM able to configure APIC bus frequency (this series).
Pro: It resembles the existing hardware. The recent Intel CPUs
adapts 25MHz.
Con: Require the VMM to emulate the APIC timer at 25MHz.
2. Make the TDX architecture enumerate CPUID leaf 0x15 to configurable
frequency or not enumerate it.
Pro: Any APIC bus frequency is allowed.
Con: Deviates from TDX architecture.
3. Make the TDX guest kernel use 1GHz when it's running on KVM.
Con: The kernel ignores CPUID leaf 0x15.
4. Change CPUID leaf 0x15 under TDX to report the crystal clock frequency
as 1 GHz.
Pro: This has been the virtual APIC frequency for KVM guests for 13
years.
Pro: This requires changing only one hard-coded constant in TDX.
Con: It doesn't work with other VMMs as TDX isn't specific to KVM.
Con: Core crystal clock frequency is also used to calculate TSC
frequency.
Con: If it is configured to value different from hardware, it will
break the correctness of INTEL-PT Mini Time Count (MTC) packets
in TDs.

Reported-by: Vishal Annapurve <vannapurve@xxxxxxxxxx>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20231006011255.4163884-1-vannapurve@xxxxxxxxxx/
Signed-off-by: Isaku Yamahata <isaku.yamahata@xxxxxxxxx>
Co-developed-by: Reinette Chatre <reinette.chatre@xxxxxxxxx>
Signed-off-by: Reinette Chatre <reinette.chatre@xxxxxxxxx>
---

Changes v4:
- Rework implementation following Sean's guidance in:
https://lore.kernel.org/all/ZdjzIgS6EAeCsUue@xxxxxxxxxx/
- Reword con #2 to acknowledge feedback. (Sean)
- Add the "con" information from Xiaoyao during earlier review of v2.
- Rework changelog to address comments related to "bus clock" vs
"core crystal clock" frequency. (Xiaoyao)
- Drop snippet about impact on TSC deadline timer emulation. (Maxim)
- Drop Maxim Levitsky's "Reviewed-by" tag due to many changes to patch
since tag received.
- Switch "Subject:" to match custom "KVM: X86:" -> "KVM: x86:"

Changes v3:
- Added reviewed-by Maxim Levitsky.
- Minor update of the commit message.

Changes v2:
- Add check if vcpu isn't created.
- Add check if lapic chip is in-kernel emulation.
- Fix build error for i386.
- Add document to api.rst.
- Typo in the commit message.

Documentation/virt/kvm/api.rst | 17 +++++++++++++++++
arch/x86/kvm/x86.c | 27 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
include/uapi/linux/kvm.h | 1 +
3 files changed, 45 insertions(+)

diff --git a/Documentation/virt/kvm/api.rst b/Documentation/virt/kvm/api.rst
index 0b5a33ee71ee..20080fe4b8ee 100644
--- a/Documentation/virt/kvm/api.rst
+++ b/Documentation/virt/kvm/api.rst
@@ -8063,6 +8063,23 @@ error/annotated fault.

See KVM_EXIT_MEMORY_FAULT for more information.

+7.35 KVM_CAP_X86_APIC_BUS_FREQUENCY
+-----------------------------------
+
+:Architectures: x86
+:Target: VM
+:Parameters: args[0] is the desired APIC bus clock rate, in nanoseconds
+:Returns: 0 on success, -EINVAL if args[0] contains an invalid value for the
+ frequency or if any vCPUs have been created, -ENXIO if a virtual
+ local APIC has not been created using KVM_CREATE_IRQCHIP.
+
+This capability sets VM's APIC bus clock frequency, used by KVM's in-kernel
+virtual APIC when emulating APIC timers. KVM's default value can be retrieved
+by KVM_CHECK_EXTENSION.
+
+Note: Userspace is responsible for correctly configuring CPUID 0x15, a.k.a. the
+core crystal clock frequency, if a non-zero CPUID 0x15 is exposed to the guest.
+
8. Other capabilities.
======================

diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c b/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c
index 23f25799c760..bf52c0ca7a56 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c
@@ -4713,6 +4713,9 @@ int kvm_vm_ioctl_check_extension(struct kvm *kvm, long ext)
case KVM_CAP_MEMORY_FAULT_INFO:
r = 1;
break;
+ case KVM_CAP_X86_APIC_BUS_FREQUENCY:
+ r = APIC_BUS_CYCLE_NS_DEFAULT;
+ break;
case KVM_CAP_EXIT_HYPERCALL:
r = KVM_EXIT_HYPERCALL_VALID_MASK;
break;
@@ -6726,6 +6729,30 @@ int kvm_vm_ioctl_enable_cap(struct kvm *kvm,
}
mutex_unlock(&kvm->lock);
break;
+ case KVM_CAP_X86_APIC_BUS_FREQUENCY: {
+ u64 bus_cycle_ns = cap->args[0];
+ u64 unused;
+
+ r = -EINVAL;
+ /*
+ * Guard against overflow in tmict_to_ns(). 128 is the highest
+ * divide value that can be programmed in APIC_TDCR.
+ */
+ if (!bus_cycle_ns ||
+ check_mul_overflow((u64)U32_MAX * 128, bus_cycle_ns, &unused))
+ break;
+
+ r = 0;
+ mutex_lock(&kvm->lock);
+ if (!irqchip_in_kernel(kvm))
+ r = -ENXIO;
+ else if (kvm->created_vcpus)
+ r = -EINVAL;
+ else
+ kvm->arch.apic_bus_cycle_ns = bus_cycle_ns;
+ mutex_unlock(&kvm->lock);
+ break;
+ }
default:
r = -EINVAL;
break;
diff --git a/include/uapi/linux/kvm.h b/include/uapi/linux/kvm.h
index 2190adbe3002..49da7ec97bd5 100644
--- a/include/uapi/linux/kvm.h
+++ b/include/uapi/linux/kvm.h
@@ -917,6 +917,7 @@ struct kvm_enable_cap {
#define KVM_CAP_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTES 233
#define KVM_CAP_GUEST_MEMFD 234
#define KVM_CAP_VM_TYPES 235
+#define KVM_CAP_X86_APIC_BUS_FREQUENCY 236

struct kvm_irq_routing_irqchip {
__u32 irqchip;
--
2.34.1