Re: [PATCH v20 2/5] ring-buffer: Introducing ring-buffer mapping functions

From: David Hildenbrand
Date: Mon Apr 22 2024 - 14:27:33 EST

On 22.04.24 20:20, Vincent Donnefort wrote:
Hi David,

Thanks for having a look, very much appreciated!

On Mon, Apr 22, 2024 at 11:27:11AM +0200, David Hildenbrand wrote:
On 19.04.24 20:25, David Hildenbrand wrote:
On 06.04.24 19:36, Vincent Donnefort wrote:
In preparation for allowing the user-space to map a ring-buffer, add
a set of mapping functions:

ring_buffer_{map,unmap}()

And controls on the ring-buffer:

ring_buffer_map_get_reader() /* swap reader and head */

Mapping the ring-buffer also involves:

A unique ID for each subbuf of the ring-buffer, currently they are
only identified through their in-kernel VA.

A meta-page, where are stored ring-buffer statistics and a
description for the current reader

The linear mapping exposes the meta-page, and each subbuf of the
ring-buffer, ordered following their unique ID, assigned during the
first mapping.

Once mapped, no subbuf can get in or out of the ring-buffer: the buffer
size will remain unmodified and the splice enabling functions will in
reality simply memcpy the data instead of swapping subbufs.

CC: <linux-mm@xxxxxxxxx>
Signed-off-by: Vincent Donnefort <vdonnefort@xxxxxxxxxx>

diff --git a/include/linux/ring_buffer.h b/include/linux/ring_buffer.h
index dc5ae4e96aee..96d2140b471e 100644
--- a/include/linux/ring_buffer.h
+++ b/include/linux/ring_buffer.h
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>
+#include <uapi/linux/trace_mmap.h>
+
struct trace_buffer;
struct ring_buffer_iter;
@@ -223,4 +225,8 @@ int trace_rb_cpu_prepare(unsigned int cpu, struct hlist_node *node);
#define trace_rb_cpu_prepare NULL
#endif
+int ring_buffer_map(struct trace_buffer *buffer, int cpu,
+ struct vm_area_struct *vma);
+int ring_buffer_unmap(struct trace_buffer *buffer, int cpu);
+int ring_buffer_map_get_reader(struct trace_buffer *buffer, int cpu);
#endif /* _LINUX_RING_BUFFER_H */
diff --git a/include/uapi/linux/trace_mmap.h b/include/uapi/linux/trace_mmap.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ffcd8dfcaa4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/uapi/linux/trace_mmap.h
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+#ifndef _TRACE_MMAP_H_
+#define _TRACE_MMAP_H_
+
+#include <linux/types.h>
+
+/**
+ * struct trace_buffer_meta - Ring-buffer Meta-page description
+ * @meta_page_size: Size of this meta-page.
+ * @meta_struct_len: Size of this structure.
+ * @subbuf_size: Size of each sub-buffer.
+ * @nr_subbufs: Number of subbfs in the ring-buffer, including the reader.
+ * @reader.lost_events: Number of events lost at the time of the reader swap.
+ * @reader.id: subbuf ID of the current reader. ID range [0 : @nr_subbufs - 1]
+ * @reader.read: Number of bytes read on the reader subbuf.
+ * @flags: Placeholder for now, 0 until new features are supported.
+ * @entries: Number of entries in the ring-buffer.
+ * @overrun: Number of entries lost in the ring-buffer.
+ * @read: Number of entries that have been read.
+ * @Reserved1: Reserved for future use.
+ * @Reserved2: Reserved for future use.
+ */
+struct trace_buffer_meta {
+ __u32 meta_page_size;
+ __u32 meta_struct_len;
+
+ __u32 subbuf_size;
+ __u32 nr_subbufs;
+
+ struct {
+ __u64 lost_events;
+ __u32 id;
+ __u32 read;
+ } reader;
+
+ __u64 flags;
+
+ __u64 entries;
+ __u64 overrun;
+ __u64 read;
+
+ __u64 Reserved1;
+ __u64 Reserved2;
+};
+
+#endif /* _TRACE_MMAP_H_ */
diff --git a/kernel/trace/ring_buffer.c b/kernel/trace/ring_buffer.c
index cc9ebe593571..793ecc454039 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/ring_buffer.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/ring_buffer.c
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
#include <linux/ring_buffer.h>
#include <linux/trace_clock.h>
#include <linux/sched/clock.h>
+#include <linux/cacheflush.h>
#include <linux/trace_seq.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/irq_work.h>
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@
#include <linux/list.h>
#include <linux/cpu.h>
#include <linux/oom.h>
+#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <asm/local64.h>
#include <asm/local.h>
@@ -338,6 +340,7 @@ struct buffer_page {
local_t entries; /* entries on this page */
unsigned long real_end; /* real end of data */
unsigned order; /* order of the page */
+ u32 id; /* ID for external mapping */
struct buffer_data_page *page; /* Actual data page */
};
@@ -484,6 +487,12 @@ struct ring_buffer_per_cpu {
u64 read_stamp;
/* pages removed since last reset */
unsigned long pages_removed;
+
+ unsigned int mapped;
+ struct mutex mapping_lock;
+ unsigned long *subbuf_ids; /* ID to subbuf VA */
+ struct trace_buffer_meta *meta_page;
+
/* ring buffer pages to update, > 0 to add, < 0 to remove */
long nr_pages_to_update;
struct list_head new_pages; /* new pages to add */
@@ -1599,6 +1608,7 @@ rb_allocate_cpu_buffer(struct trace_buffer *buffer, long nr_pages, int cpu)
init_irq_work(&cpu_buffer->irq_work.work, rb_wake_up_waiters);
init_waitqueue_head(&cpu_buffer->irq_work.waiters);
init_waitqueue_head(&cpu_buffer->irq_work.full_waiters);
+ mutex_init(&cpu_buffer->mapping_lock);
bpage = kzalloc_node(ALIGN(sizeof(*bpage), cache_line_size()),
GFP_KERNEL, cpu_to_node(cpu));
@@ -1789,8 +1799,6 @@ bool ring_buffer_time_stamp_abs(struct trace_buffer *buffer)
return buffer->time_stamp_abs;
}
-static void rb_reset_cpu(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer);
-
static inline unsigned long rb_page_entries(struct buffer_page *bpage)
{
return local_read(&bpage->entries) & RB_WRITE_MASK;
@@ -5211,6 +5219,22 @@ static void rb_clear_buffer_page(struct buffer_page *page)
page->read = 0;
}
+static void rb_update_meta_page(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer)
+{
+ struct trace_buffer_meta *meta = cpu_buffer->meta_page;
+
+ meta->reader.read = cpu_buffer->reader_page->read;
+ meta->reader.id = cpu_buffer->reader_page->id;
+ meta->reader.lost_events = cpu_buffer->lost_events;
+
+ meta->entries = local_read(&cpu_buffer->entries);
+ meta->overrun = local_read(&cpu_buffer->overrun);
+ meta->read = cpu_buffer->read;
+
+ /* Some archs do not have data cache coherency between kernel and user-space */
+ flush_dcache_folio(virt_to_folio(cpu_buffer->meta_page));
+}
+
static void
rb_reset_cpu(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer)
{
@@ -5255,6 +5279,9 @@ rb_reset_cpu(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer)
cpu_buffer->lost_events = 0;
cpu_buffer->last_overrun = 0;
+ if (cpu_buffer->mapped)
+ rb_update_meta_page(cpu_buffer);
+
rb_head_page_activate(cpu_buffer);
cpu_buffer->pages_removed = 0;
}
@@ -5469,6 +5496,12 @@ int ring_buffer_swap_cpu(struct trace_buffer *buffer_a,
cpu_buffer_a = buffer_a->buffers[cpu];
cpu_buffer_b = buffer_b->buffers[cpu];
+ /* It's up to the callers to not try to swap mapped buffers */
+ if (WARN_ON_ONCE(cpu_buffer_a->mapped || cpu_buffer_b->mapped)) {
+ ret = -EBUSY;
+ goto out;
+ }
+
/* At least make sure the two buffers are somewhat the same */
if (cpu_buffer_a->nr_pages != cpu_buffer_b->nr_pages)
goto out;
@@ -5733,7 +5766,8 @@ int ring_buffer_read_page(struct trace_buffer *buffer,
* Otherwise, we can simply swap the page with the one passed in.
*/
if (read || (len < (commit - read)) ||
- cpu_buffer->reader_page == cpu_buffer->commit_page) {
+ cpu_buffer->reader_page == cpu_buffer->commit_page ||
+ cpu_buffer->mapped) {
struct buffer_data_page *rpage = cpu_buffer->reader_page->page;
unsigned int rpos = read;
unsigned int pos = 0;
@@ -5956,6 +5990,11 @@ int ring_buffer_subbuf_order_set(struct trace_buffer *buffer, int order)
cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];
+ if (cpu_buffer->mapped) {
+ err = -EBUSY;
+ goto error;
+ }
+
/* Update the number of pages to match the new size */
nr_pages = old_size * buffer->buffers[cpu]->nr_pages;
nr_pages = DIV_ROUND_UP(nr_pages, buffer->subbuf_size);
@@ -6057,6 +6096,358 @@ int ring_buffer_subbuf_order_set(struct trace_buffer *buffer, int order)
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ring_buffer_subbuf_order_set);
+static int rb_alloc_meta_page(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer)
+{
+ struct page *page;
+
+ if (cpu_buffer->meta_page)
+ return 0;
+
+ page = alloc_page(GFP_USER | __GFP_ZERO);
+ if (!page)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ cpu_buffer->meta_page = page_to_virt(page);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static void rb_free_meta_page(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer)
+{
+ unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)cpu_buffer->meta_page;
+
+ free_page(addr);
+ cpu_buffer->meta_page = NULL;
+}
+
+static void rb_setup_ids_meta_page(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
+ unsigned long *subbuf_ids)
+{
+ struct trace_buffer_meta *meta = cpu_buffer->meta_page;
+ unsigned int nr_subbufs = cpu_buffer->nr_pages + 1;
+ struct buffer_page *first_subbuf, *subbuf;
+ int id = 0;
+
+ subbuf_ids[id] = (unsigned long)cpu_buffer->reader_page->page;
+ cpu_buffer->reader_page->id = id++;
+
+ first_subbuf = subbuf = rb_set_head_page(cpu_buffer);
+ do {
+ if (WARN_ON(id >= nr_subbufs))
+ break;
+
+ subbuf_ids[id] = (unsigned long)subbuf->page;
+ subbuf->id = id;
+
+ rb_inc_page(&subbuf);
+ id++;
+ } while (subbuf != first_subbuf);
+
+ /* install subbuf ID to kern VA translation */
+ cpu_buffer->subbuf_ids = subbuf_ids;
+
+ /* __rb_map_vma() pads the meta-page to align it with the sub-buffers */
+ meta->meta_page_size = PAGE_SIZE << cpu_buffer->buffer->subbuf_order;
+ meta->meta_struct_len = sizeof(*meta);
+ meta->nr_subbufs = nr_subbufs;
+ meta->subbuf_size = cpu_buffer->buffer->subbuf_size + BUF_PAGE_HDR_SIZE;
+
+ rb_update_meta_page(cpu_buffer);
+}
+
+static struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *
+rb_get_mapped_buffer(struct trace_buffer *buffer, int cpu)
+{
+ struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer;
+
+ if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, buffer->cpumask))
+ return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
+
+ cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu];
+
+ mutex_lock(&cpu_buffer->mapping_lock);
+
+ if (!cpu_buffer->mapped) {
+ mutex_unlock(&cpu_buffer->mapping_lock);
+ return ERR_PTR(-ENODEV);
+ }
+
+ return cpu_buffer;
+}
+
+static void rb_put_mapped_buffer(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer)
+{
+ mutex_unlock(&cpu_buffer->mapping_lock);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Fast-path for rb_buffer_(un)map(). Called whenever the meta-page doesn't need
+ * to be set-up or torn-down.
+ */
+static int __rb_inc_dec_mapped(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
+ bool inc)
+{
+ unsigned long flags;
+
+ lockdep_assert_held(&cpu_buffer->mapping_lock);
+
+ if (inc && cpu_buffer->mapped == UINT_MAX)
+ return -EBUSY;
+
+ if (WARN_ON(!inc && cpu_buffer->mapped == 0))
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ mutex_lock(&cpu_buffer->buffer->mutex);
+ raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock, flags);
+
+ if (inc)
+ cpu_buffer->mapped++;
+ else
+ cpu_buffer->mapped--;
+
+ raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cpu_buffer->reader_lock, flags);
+ mutex_unlock(&cpu_buffer->buffer->mutex);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+#define subbuf_page(off, start) \
+ virt_to_page((void *)((start) + ((off) << PAGE_SHIFT)))
+
+#define foreach_subbuf_page(sub_order, start, page) \
+ page = subbuf_page(0, (start)); \
+ for (int __off = 0; __off < (1 << (sub_order)); \
+ __off++, page = subbuf_page(__off, (start)))
+
+/*
+ * +--------------+ pgoff == 0
+ * | meta page |
+ * +--------------+ pgoff == 1
+ * | 000000000 |
+ * +--------------+ pgoff == (1 << subbuf_order)
+ * | subbuffer 0 |
+ * | |
+ * +--------------+ pgoff == (2 * (1 << subbuf_order))
+ * | subbuffer 1 |
+ * | |
+ * ...
+ */
+static int __rb_map_vma(struct ring_buffer_per_cpu *cpu_buffer,
+ struct vm_area_struct *vma)
+{
+ unsigned long nr_subbufs, nr_pages, vma_pages, pgoff = vma->vm_pgoff;
+ unsigned int subbuf_pages, subbuf_order;
+ struct page **pages;
+ int p = 0, s = 0;
+ int err;
+
+ lockdep_assert_held(&cpu_buffer->mapping_lock);
+
+ subbuf_order = cpu_buffer->buffer->subbuf_order;
+ subbuf_pages = 1 << subbuf_order;
+
+ if (subbuf_order && pgoff % subbuf_pages)
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ nr_subbufs = cpu_buffer->nr_pages + 1;
+ nr_pages = ((nr_subbufs + 1) << subbuf_order) - pgoff;
+
+ vma_pages = (vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+ if (!vma_pages || vma_pages > nr_pages)
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ nr_pages = vma_pages;
+
+ pages = kcalloc(nr_pages, sizeof(*pages), GFP_KERNEL);
+ if (!pages)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ if (!pgoff) {
+ unsigned long meta_page_padding;
+
+ pages[p++] = virt_to_page(cpu_buffer->meta_page);
+
+ /*
+ * Pad with the zero-page to align the meta-page with the
+ * sub-buffers.
+ */
+ meta_page_padding = subbuf_pages - 1;
+ while (meta_page_padding-- && p < nr_pages)
+ pages[p++] = ZERO_PAGE(0);

Using the shared zeropage in a MAP_SHARED mapping that is neither VM_IO
nor VM_PFNMAP can be problematic. So we really need patch #3 logic to
use VM_PFNMAP.

It would be cleaner/more obvious if these VMA flag setting would reside

tracing_buffers_mmap() sets both VM_IO and VM_PFNMAP. But, yeah as vma is
already passed to ring_buffer_map(). The flags could be set here as this
function is what sets the requirements really.

here, if possible.

+ } else {
+ /* Skip the meta-page */
+ pgoff -= subbuf_pages;
+
+ s += pgoff / subbuf_pages;
+ }
+
+ while (s < nr_subbufs && p < nr_pages) {
+ struct page *page;
+
+ foreach_subbuf_page(subbuf_order, cpu_buffer->subbuf_ids[s], page) {
+ if (p >= nr_pages)
+ break;
+
+ pages[p++] = page;
+ }
+ s++;
+ }
+
+ err = vm_insert_pages(vma, vma->vm_start, pages, &nr_pages);

I think Linus suggested it ("avoid all the sub-page ref-counts entirely
by using VM_PFNMAP, and use vm_insert_pages()"), but ...
vm_insert_pages() will:
* Mess with mapcounts
* Mess with refcounts

See
insert_pages()->insert_page_in_batch_locked()->insert_page_into_pte_locked().

So we'll mess with the mapcount and refcount of the shared zeropage ...
hmmmm

If I am not wrong, vm_normal_page() would not return the shared zeropage
in case we don't have CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_PTE_SPECIAL ... so
unmap()->...->zap_present_ptes() would not decrement the refcount and we
could overflow it. ... we also shouldn't ever mess with the mapcount of
the shared zeropage in the first place.

vm_insert_page() is clearer on that: "This allows drivers to insert
individual pages they've allocated into a user vma". You didn't allocate
the shared zeropage.

I'm wondering if we even expect VM_MIXEDMAP and VM_PFNMAP to be set at
the same time? vm_insert_pages() would BUG_ON in case VM_PFNMAP is
already set and it would set VM_MIXEDMAP ... similarly
vmf_insert_pfn_prot() would not be happy about that at all ...

BUG_ON((vma->vm_flags & (VM_PFNMAP|VM_MIXEDMAP)) ==
(VM_PFNMAP|VM_MIXEDMAP));

... remap_pfn_range() is used by io_uring_mmap for a similar purpose.
But it only supports a single PFN range at a time and requires the
caller to handle refcounting of pages.

It's getting late in Germany, so I might be missing something; but using
the shared zeropage here might be a problem.


I was just about to write code to cleanly support vm_insert_pages() to
consume zeropages ... when I started to wonder about something else:

Alternatively, we could at the moment allocate a meta-page of the same size than
the subbufs? (of course the downside is to waste a bit of memory)

Supporting the shared zeropage should be possible. We just have to be careful that no other code can accidentially set it writable. I'll have to further think about that (not just your user, but making it sane to use by new code as well).

So far, we primarily only have shared zeropages in the MAP_PRIVATE mappings. Dax is a corner case where we have them in MAP_SHARED mappings. PFNMAP would not be problematic, but MIXEDMAP is. (again, I am not 100% sure about combining both ...)

I'll further think about that one, and try crafting a reasonable patch.

Could we start with no shared zeropage and implement that as an optimization on top?




+ if (vma->vm_flags & VM_WRITE || vma->vm_flags & VM_EXEC ||
+ !(vma->vm_flags & VM_MAYSHARE))
+ return -EPERM;
+

You disallow writable mappings. But what about using mprotect() afterwards
to allow for write permissions?

Likely you'd want to remove VM_MAYWRITE from the flags, otherwise mprotect()
might alter succeed.

The vm_flags_mod below is clearing VM_MAYWRITE already. Isn't it enough?

Oh, maybe I missed that!

--
Cheers,

David / dhildenb