Re: [PATCH 09/21] KVM: TDX: Retry seamcall when TDX_OPERAND_BUSY with operand SEPT

From: Yan Zhao
Date: Thu Oct 10 2024 - 22:08:35 EST

On Thu, Oct 10, 2024 at 10:33:30AM -0700, Sean Christopherson wrote:
> On Thu, Oct 10, 2024, Yan Zhao wrote:
> > On Tue, Oct 08, 2024 at 07:51:13AM -0700, Sean Christopherson wrote:
> > > On Wed, Sep 25, 2024, Yan Zhao wrote:
> > > > On Sat, Sep 14, 2024 at 05:27:32PM +0800, Yan Zhao wrote:
> > > > > On Fri, Sep 13, 2024 at 10:23:00AM -0700, Sean Christopherson wrote:
> > > > > > On Fri, Sep 13, 2024, Yan Zhao wrote:
> > > > > > > This is a lock status report of TDX module for current SEAMCALL retry issue
> > > > > > > based on code in TDX module public repo https://github.com/intel/tdx-module.git
> > > > > > > branch TDX_1.5.05.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > TL;DR:
> > > > > > > - tdh_mem_track() can contend with tdh_vp_enter().
> > > > > > > - tdh_vp_enter() contends with tdh_mem*() when 0-stepping is suspected.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > The zero-step logic seems to be the most problematic. E.g. if KVM is trying to
> > > > > > install a page on behalf of two vCPUs, and KVM resumes the guest if it encounters
> > > > > > a FROZEN_SPTE when building the non-leaf SPTEs, then one of the vCPUs could
> > > > > > trigger the zero-step mitigation if the vCPU that "wins" and gets delayed for
> > > > > > whatever reason.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Since FROZEN_SPTE is essentially bit-spinlock with a reaaaaaly slow slow-path,
> > > > > > what if instead of resuming the guest if a page fault hits FROZEN_SPTE, KVM retries
> > > > > > the fault "locally", i.e. _without_ redoing tdh_vp_enter() to see if the vCPU still
> > > > > > hits the fault?
> > > > > >
> > > > > > For non-TDX, resuming the guest and letting the vCPU retry the instruction is
> > > > > > desirable because in many cases, the winning task will install a valid mapping
> > > > > > before KVM can re-run the vCPU, i.e. the fault will be fixed before the
> > > > > > instruction is re-executed. In the happy case, that provides optimal performance
> > > > > > as KVM doesn't introduce any extra delay/latency.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > But for TDX, the math is different as the cost of a re-hitting a fault is much,
> > > > > > much higher, especially in light of the zero-step issues.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > E.g. if the TDP MMU returns a unique error code for the frozen case, and
> > > > > > kvm_mmu_page_fault() is modified to return the raw return code instead of '1',
> > > > > > then the TDX EPT violation path can safely retry locally, similar to the do-while
> > > > > > loop in kvm_tdp_map_page().
> > > > > >
> > > > > > The only part I don't like about this idea is having two "retry" return values,
> > > > > > which creates the potential for bugs due to checking one but not the other.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Hmm, that could be avoided by passing a bool pointer as an out-param to communicate
> > > > > > to the TDX S-EPT fault handler that the SPTE is frozen. I think I like that
> > > > > > option better even though the out-param is a bit gross, because it makes it more
> > > > > > obvious that the "frozen_spte" is a special case that doesn't need attention for
> > > > > > most paths.
> > > > > Good idea.
> > > > > But could we extend it a bit more to allow TDX's EPT violation handler to also
> > > > > retry directly when tdh_mem_sept_add()/tdh_mem_page_aug() returns BUSY?
> > > > I'm asking this because merely avoiding invoking tdh_vp_enter() in vCPUs seeing
> > > > FROZEN_SPTE might not be enough to prevent zero step mitigation.
> > >
> > > The goal isn't to make it completely impossible for zero-step to fire, it's to
> > > make it so that _if_ zero-step fires, KVM can report the error to userspace without
> > > having to retry, because KVM _knows_ that advancing past the zero-step isn't
> > > something KVM can solve.
> > >
> > > : I'm not worried about any performance hit with zero-step, I'm worried about KVM
> > > : not being able to differentiate between a KVM bug and guest interference. The
> > > : goal with a local retry is to make it so that KVM _never_ triggers zero-step,
> > > : unless there is a bug somewhere. At that point, if zero-step fires, KVM can
> > > ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
> > > : report the error to userspace instead of trying to suppress guest activity, and
> > > : potentially from other KVM tasks too.
> > >
> > > In other words, for the selftest you crafted, KVM reporting an error to userspace
> > > due to zero-step would be working as intended.
> > Hmm, but the selftest is an example to show that 6 continuous EPT violations on
> > the same GPA could trigger zero-step.
> >
> > For an extremely unlucky vCPU, is it still possible to fire zero step when
> > nothing is wrong both in KVM and QEMU?
> > e.g.
> >
> > 1st: "fault->is_private != kvm_mem_is_private(kvm, fault->gfn)" is found.
> > 2nd-6th: try_cmpxchg64() fails on each level SPTEs (5 levels in total)
>
> Very technically, this shouldn't be possible. The only way for there to be
> contention on the leaf SPTE is if some other KVM task installed a SPTE, i.e. the
> 6th attempt should succeed, even if the faulting vCPU wasn't the one to create
> the SPTE.
Hmm, the 7th EPT violation could still occur if the vCPU that sees failure of
"try_cmpxchg64()" returns to guest faster than the one that successfully
installs the SPTE.

>
> That said, a few thoughts:
>
> 1. Where did we end up on the idea of requiring userspace to pre-fault memory?
I didn't follow this question.
Do you want to disallow userspace to pre-fault memory after TD finalization
or do you want to suggest userspace to do it?

>
> 2. The zero-step logic really should have a slightly more conservative threshold.
> I have a hard time believing that e.g. 10 attempts would create a side channel,
> but 6 attempts is "fine".
Don't know where the value 6 comes. :)
We may need to ask.

> 3. This would be a good reason to implement a local retry in kvm_tdp_mmu_map().
> Yes, I'm being somewhat hypocritical since I'm so against retrying for the
> S-EPT case, but my objection to retrying for S-EPT is that it _should_ be easy
> for KVM to guarantee success.
It's reasonable.

But TDX code still needs to retry for the RET_PF_RETRY_FROZEN without
re-entering guest.

Would it be good for TDX code to retry whenever it sees RET_PF_RETRY or
RET_PF_RETRY_FOZEN?
We can have tdx_sept_link_private_spt()/tdx_sept_set_private_spte() to return
-EBUSY on contention.


>
> E.g. for #3, the below (compile tested only) patch should make it impossible for
> the S-EPT case to fail, as dirty logging isn't (yet) supported and mirror SPTEs
> should never trigger A/D assists, i.e. retry should always succeed.
>
> ---
> arch/x86/kvm/mmu/tdp_mmu.c | 47 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
> 1 file changed, 40 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/tdp_mmu.c b/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/tdp_mmu.c
> index 3b996c1fdaab..e47573a652a9 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/tdp_mmu.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/kvm/mmu/tdp_mmu.c
> @@ -1097,6 +1097,18 @@ static int tdp_mmu_link_sp(struct kvm *kvm, struct tdp_iter *iter,
> static int tdp_mmu_split_huge_page(struct kvm *kvm, struct tdp_iter *iter,
> struct kvm_mmu_page *sp, bool shared);
>
> +static struct kvm_mmu_page *tdp_mmu_realloc_sp(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
> + struct kvm_mmu_page *sp)
> +{
> + if (!sp)
> + return tdp_mmu_alloc_sp(vcpu);
> +
> + memset(sp, 0, sizeof(*sp));
> + memset64(sp->spt, vcpu->arch.mmu_shadow_page_cache.init_value,
> + PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(u64));
> + return sp;
> +}
> +
> /*
> * Handle a TDP page fault (NPT/EPT violation/misconfiguration) by installing
> * page tables and SPTEs to translate the faulting guest physical address.
> @@ -1104,9 +1116,9 @@ static int tdp_mmu_split_huge_page(struct kvm *kvm, struct tdp_iter *iter,
> int kvm_tdp_mmu_map(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_page_fault *fault)
> {
> struct kvm_mmu *mmu = vcpu->arch.mmu;
> + struct kvm_mmu_page *sp = NULL;
> struct kvm *kvm = vcpu->kvm;
> struct tdp_iter iter;
> - struct kvm_mmu_page *sp;
> int ret = RET_PF_RETRY;
>
> kvm_mmu_hugepage_adjust(vcpu, fault);
> @@ -1116,8 +1128,16 @@ int kvm_tdp_mmu_map(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_page_fault *fault)
> rcu_read_lock();
>
> tdp_mmu_for_each_pte(iter, mmu, fault->gfn, fault->gfn + 1) {
> - int r;
> -
> + /*
> + * Somewhat arbitrarily allow two local retries, e.g. to play
> + * nice with the extremely unlikely case that KVM encounters a
> + * huge SPTE an Access-assist _and_ a subsequent Dirty-assist.
> + * Retrying is inexpensive, but if KVM fails to install a SPTE
> + * three times, then a fourth attempt is likely futile and it's
> + * time to back off.
> + */
> + int r, retry_locally = 2;
> +again:
> if (fault->nx_huge_page_workaround_enabled)
> disallowed_hugepage_adjust(fault, iter.old_spte, iter.level);
>
> @@ -1140,7 +1160,7 @@ int kvm_tdp_mmu_map(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_page_fault *fault)
> * The SPTE is either non-present or points to a huge page that
> * needs to be split.
> */
> - sp = tdp_mmu_alloc_sp(vcpu);
> + sp = tdp_mmu_realloc_sp(vcpu, sp);
> tdp_mmu_init_child_sp(sp, &iter);
>
> sp->nx_huge_page_disallowed = fault->huge_page_disallowed;
> @@ -1151,11 +1171,16 @@ int kvm_tdp_mmu_map(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_page_fault *fault)
> r = tdp_mmu_link_sp(kvm, &iter, sp, true);
>
> /*
> - * Force the guest to retry if installing an upper level SPTE
> - * failed, e.g. because a different task modified the SPTE.
> + * If installing an upper level SPTE failed, retry the walk
> + * locally before forcing the guest to retry. If the SPTE was
> + * modified by a different task, odds are very good the new
> + * SPTE is usable as-is. And if the SPTE was modified by the
> + * CPU, e.g. to set A/D bits, then unless KVM gets *extremely*
> + * unlucky, the CMPXCHG should succeed the second time around.
> */
> if (r) {
> - tdp_mmu_free_sp(sp);
> + if (retry_locally--)
> + goto again;
> goto retry;
> }
>
> @@ -1166,6 +1191,7 @@ int kvm_tdp_mmu_map(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_page_fault *fault)
> track_possible_nx_huge_page(kvm, sp);
> spin_unlock(&kvm->arch.tdp_mmu_pages_lock);
> }
> + sp = NULL;
> }
>
> /*
> @@ -1180,6 +1206,13 @@ int kvm_tdp_mmu_map(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_page_fault *fault)
>
> retry:
> rcu_read_unlock();
> +
> + /*
> + * Free the previously allocated MMU page if KVM retried locally and
> + * ended up not using said page.
> + */
> + if (sp)
> + tdp_mmu_free_sp(sp);
> return ret;
> }
>
>
> base-commit: 8cf0b93919e13d1e8d4466eb4080a4c4d9d66d7b
> --
>