Re: [RFC PATCH v1 01/57] mm: Add macros ahead of supporting boot-time page size selection

From: Ryan Roberts
Date: Mon Oct 14 2024 - 10:09:04 EST

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In reply to: Pingfan Liu: "Re: [RFC PATCH v1 01/57] mm: Add macros ahead of supporting boot-time page size selection"
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On 14/10/2024 14:54, Pingfan Liu wrote:
> Hello Ryan,
>
> On Mon, Oct 14, 2024 at 11:58:08AM +0100, Ryan Roberts wrote:
>> arm64 can support multiple base page sizes. Instead of selecting a page
>> size at compile time, as is done today, we will make it possible to
>> select the desired page size on the command line.
>>
>> In this case PAGE_SHIFT and it's derivatives, PAGE_SIZE and PAGE_MASK
>> (as well as a number of other macros related to or derived from
>> PAGE_SHIFT, but I'm not worrying about those yet), are no longer
>> compile-time constants. So the code base needs to cope with that.
>>
>> As a first step, introduce MIN and MAX variants of these macros, which
>> express the range of possible page sizes. These are always compile-time
>> constants and can be used in many places where PAGE_[SHIFT|SIZE|MASK]
>> were previously used where a compile-time constant is required.
>> (Subsequent patches will do that conversion work). When the arch/build
>> doesn't support boot-time page size selection, the MIN and MAX variants
>> are equal and everything resolves as it did previously.
>>
>
> MIN and MAX appear to construct a boundary, but it may be not enough.
> Please see the following comment inline.
>
>> Additionally, introduce DEFINE_GLOBAL_PAGE_SIZE_VAR[_CONST]() which wrap
>> global variable defintions so that for boot-time page size selection
>> builds, the variable being wrapped is initialized at boot-time, instead
>> of compile-time. This is done by defining a function to do the
>> assignment, which has the "constructor" attribute. Constructor is
>> preferred over initcall, because when compiling a module, the module is
>> limited to a single initcall but constructors are unlimited. For
>> built-in code, constructors are now called earlier to guarrantee that
>> the variables are initialized by the time they are used. Any arch that
>> wants to enable boot-time page size selection will need to select
>> CONFIG_CONSTRUCTORS.
>>
>> These new macros need to be available anywhere PAGE_SHIFT and friends
>> are available. Those are defined via asm/page.h (although some arches
>> have a sub-include that defines them). Unfortunately there is no
>> reliable asm-generic header we can easily piggy-back on, so let's define
>> a new one, pgtable-geometry.h, which we include near where each arch
>> defines PAGE_SHIFT. Ugh.
>>
>> -------
>>
>> Most of the problems that need to be solved over the next few patches
>> fall into these broad categories, which are all solved with the help of
>> these new macros:
>>
>> 1. Assignment of values derived from PAGE_SIZE in global variables
>>
>> For boot-time page size builds, we must defer the initialization of
>> these variables until boot-time, when the page size is known. See
>> DEFINE_GLOBAL_PAGE_SIZE_VAR[_CONST]() as described above.
>>
>> 2. Define static storage in units related to PAGE_SIZE
>>
>> This static storage will be defined according to PAGE_SIZE_MAX.
>>
>> 3. Define size of struct so that it is related to PAGE_SIZE
>>
>> The struct often contains an array that is sized to fill the page. In
>> this case, use a flexible array with dynamic allocation. In other
>> cases, the struct fits exactly over a page, which is a header (e.g.
>> swap file header). In this case, remove the padding, and manually
>> determine the struct pointer within the page.
>>
>
> About two years ago, I tried to do similar thing in your series, but ran
> into problem at this point, or maybe not exactly as the point you list
> here. I consider this as the most challenged part.
>
> The scenario is
> struct X {
> a[size_a];
> b[size_b];
> c;
> };
>
> Where size_a = f(PAGE_SHIFT), size_b=g(PAGE_SHIFT). One of f() and g()
> is proportional to PAGE_SHIFT, the other is inversely proportional.
>
> How can you fix the reference of X.a and X.b?

If you need to allocate static memory, then in this scenario, assuming f() is
proportional and g() is inversely-proportional, then I guess you need
size_a=f(PAGE_SIZE_MAX) and size_b=g(PAGE_SIZE_MIN). Or if you can allocate the
memory dynamically, then make a and b pointers to dynamically allocated buffers.

Is there a specific place in the source where this pattern is used today? It
might be easier to discuss in the context of the code if so.

Thanks,
Ryan

>
> Thanks,
>
> Pingfan
>
>
>> 4. BUILD_BUG_ON() with values derived from PAGE_SIZE
>>
>> In most cases, we can change these to compare againt the appropriate
>> limit (either MIN or MAX). In other cases, we must change these to
>> run-time BUG_ON().
>>
>> 5. Ensure page alignment of static data structures
>>
>> Align instead to PAGE_SIZE_MAX.
>>
>> 6. #ifdeffery based on PAGE_SIZE
>>
>> Often these can be changed to c code constructs. e.g. a macro that
>> returns a different value depending on page size can be changed to use
>> the ternary operator and the compiler will dead code strip it for the
>> compile-time constant case and runtime evaluate it for the non-const
>> case. Or #if/#else/#endif within a function can be converted to c
>> if/else blocks, which are also dead code stripped for the const case.
>> Sometimes we can change the c-preprocessor logic to use the
>> appropriate MIN/MAX limit.
>>
>> Signed-off-by: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@xxxxxxx>
>> ---
>>
>> ***NOTE***
>> Any confused maintainers may want to read the cover note here for context:
>> https://lore.kernel.org/all/20241014105514.3206191-1-ryan.roberts@xxxxxxx/
>>
>> arch/alpha/include/asm/page.h | 1 +
>> arch/arc/include/asm/page.h | 1 +
>> arch/arm/include/asm/page.h | 1 +
>> arch/arm64/include/asm/page-def.h | 2 +
>> arch/csky/include/asm/page.h | 3 ++
>> arch/hexagon/include/asm/page.h | 2 +
>> arch/loongarch/include/asm/page.h | 2 +
>> arch/m68k/include/asm/page.h | 1 +
>> arch/microblaze/include/asm/page.h | 1 +
>> arch/mips/include/asm/page.h | 1 +
>> arch/nios2/include/asm/page.h | 2 +
>> arch/openrisc/include/asm/page.h | 1 +
>> arch/parisc/include/asm/page.h | 1 +
>> arch/powerpc/include/asm/page.h | 2 +
>> arch/riscv/include/asm/page.h | 1 +
>> arch/s390/include/asm/page.h | 1 +
>> arch/sh/include/asm/page.h | 1 +
>> arch/sparc/include/asm/page.h | 3 ++
>> arch/um/include/asm/page.h | 2 +
>> arch/x86/include/asm/page_types.h | 2 +
>> arch/xtensa/include/asm/page.h | 1 +
>> include/asm-generic/pgtable-geometry.h | 71 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>> init/main.c | 5 +-
>> 23 files changed, 107 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
>> create mode 100644 include/asm-generic/pgtable-geometry.h
>>
>> diff --git a/arch/alpha/include/asm/page.h b/arch/alpha/include/asm/page.h
>> index 70419e6be1a35..d0096fb5521b8 100644
>> --- a/arch/alpha/include/asm/page.h
>> +++ b/arch/alpha/include/asm/page.h
>> @@ -88,5 +88,6 @@ typedef struct page *pgtable_t;
>>
>> #include <asm-generic/memory_model.h>
>> #include <asm-generic/getorder.h>
>> +#include <asm-generic/pgtable-geometry.h>
>>
>> #endif /* _ALPHA_PAGE_H */
>> diff --git a/arch/arc/include/asm/page.h b/arch/arc/include/asm/page.h
>> index def0dfb95b436..8d56549db7a33 100644
>> --- a/arch/arc/include/asm/page.h
>> +++ b/arch/arc/include/asm/page.h
>> @@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
>> #define __ASM_ARC_PAGE_H
>>
>> #include <uapi/asm/page.h>
>> +#include <asm-generic/pgtable-geometry.h>
>>
>> #ifdef CONFIG_ARC_HAS_PAE40
>>
>> diff --git a/arch/arm/include/asm/page.h b/arch/arm/include/asm/page.h
>> index 62af9f7f9e963..417aa8533c718 100644
>> --- a/arch/arm/include/asm/page.h
>> +++ b/arch/arm/include/asm/page.h
>> @@ -191,5 +191,6 @@ extern int pfn_valid(unsigned long);
>>
>> #include <asm-generic/getorder.h>
>> #include <asm-generic/memory_model.h>
>> +#include <asm-generic/pgtable-geometry.h>
>>
>> #endif
>> diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/page-def.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/page-def.h
>> index 792e9fe881dcf..d69971cf49cd2 100644
>> --- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/page-def.h
>> +++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/page-def.h
>> @@ -15,4 +15,6 @@
>> #define PAGE_SIZE (_AC(1, UL) << PAGE_SHIFT)
>> #define PAGE_MASK (~(PAGE_SIZE-1))
>>
>> +#include <asm-generic/pgtable-geometry.h>
>> +
>> #endif /* __ASM_PAGE_DEF_H */
>> diff --git a/arch/csky/include/asm/page.h b/arch/csky/include/asm/page.h
>> index 0ca6c408c07f2..95173d57adc8b 100644
>> --- a/arch/csky/include/asm/page.h
>> +++ b/arch/csky/include/asm/page.h
>> @@ -92,4 +92,7 @@ static inline unsigned long virt_to_pfn(const void *kaddr)
>> #include <asm-generic/getorder.h>
>>
>> #endif /* !__ASSEMBLY__ */
>> +
>> +#include <asm-generic/pgtable-geometry.h>
>> +
>> #endif /* __ASM_CSKY_PAGE_H */
>> diff --git a/arch/hexagon/include/asm/page.h b/arch/hexagon/include/asm/page.h
>> index 8a6af57274c2d..ba7ad5231695f 100644
>> --- a/arch/hexagon/include/asm/page.h
>> +++ b/arch/hexagon/include/asm/page.h
>> @@ -139,4 +139,6 @@ static inline unsigned long virt_to_pfn(const void *kaddr)
>> #endif /* ifdef __ASSEMBLY__ */
>> #endif /* ifdef __KERNEL__ */
>>
>> +#include <asm-generic/pgtable-geometry.h>
>> +
>> #endif
>> diff --git a/arch/loongarch/include/asm/page.h b/arch/loongarch/include/asm/page.h
>> index e85df33f11c77..9862e8fb047a6 100644
>> --- a/arch/loongarch/include/asm/page.h
>> +++ b/arch/loongarch/include/asm/page.h
>> @@ -123,4 +123,6 @@ extern int __virt_addr_valid(volatile void *kaddr);
>>
>> #endif /* !__ASSEMBLY__ */
>>
>> +#include <asm-generic/pgtable-geometry.h>
>> +
>> #endif /* _ASM_PAGE_H */
>> diff --git a/arch/m68k/include/asm/page.h b/arch/m68k/include/asm/page.h
>> index 8cfb84b499751..4df4681b02194 100644
>> --- a/arch/m68k/include/asm/page.h
>> +++ b/arch/m68k/include/asm/page.h
>> @@ -60,5 +60,6 @@ extern unsigned long _ramend;
>>
>> #include <asm-generic/getorder.h>
>> #include <asm-generic/memory_model.h>
>> +#include <asm-generic/pgtable-geometry.h>
>>
>> #endif /* _M68K_PAGE_H */
>> diff --git a/arch/microblaze/include/asm/page.h b/arch/microblaze/include/asm/page.h
>> index 8810f4f1c3b02..abc23c3d743bd 100644
>> --- a/arch/microblaze/include/asm/page.h
>> +++ b/arch/microblaze/include/asm/page.h
>> @@ -142,5 +142,6 @@ static inline const void *pfn_to_virt(unsigned long pfn)
>>
>> #include <asm-generic/memory_model.h>
>> #include <asm-generic/getorder.h>
>> +#include <asm-generic/pgtable-geometry.h>
>>
>> #endif /* _ASM_MICROBLAZE_PAGE_H */
>> diff --git a/arch/mips/include/asm/page.h b/arch/mips/include/asm/page.h
>> index 4609cb0326cf3..3d91021538f02 100644
>> --- a/arch/mips/include/asm/page.h
>> +++ b/arch/mips/include/asm/page.h
>> @@ -227,5 +227,6 @@ static inline unsigned long kaslr_offset(void)
>>
>> #include <asm-generic/memory_model.h>
>> #include <asm-generic/getorder.h>
>> +#include <asm-generic/pgtable-geometry.h>
>>
>> #endif /* _ASM_PAGE_H */
>> diff --git a/arch/nios2/include/asm/page.h b/arch/nios2/include/asm/page.h
>> index 0722f88e63cc7..2e5f93beb42b7 100644
>> --- a/arch/nios2/include/asm/page.h
>> +++ b/arch/nios2/include/asm/page.h
>> @@ -97,4 +97,6 @@ extern struct page *mem_map;
>>
>> #endif /* !__ASSEMBLY__ */
>>
>> +#include <asm-generic/pgtable-geometry.h>
>> +
>> #endif /* _ASM_NIOS2_PAGE_H */
>> diff --git a/arch/openrisc/include/asm/page.h b/arch/openrisc/include/asm/page.h
>> index 1d5913f67c312..a0da2a9842241 100644
>> --- a/arch/openrisc/include/asm/page.h
>> +++ b/arch/openrisc/include/asm/page.h
>> @@ -88,5 +88,6 @@ static inline unsigned long virt_to_pfn(const void *kaddr)
>>
>> #include <asm-generic/memory_model.h>
>> #include <asm-generic/getorder.h>
>> +#include <asm-generic/pgtable-geometry.h>
>>
>> #endif /* __ASM_OPENRISC_PAGE_H */
>> diff --git a/arch/parisc/include/asm/page.h b/arch/parisc/include/asm/page.h
>> index 4bea2e95798f0..2a75496237c09 100644
>> --- a/arch/parisc/include/asm/page.h
>> +++ b/arch/parisc/include/asm/page.h
>> @@ -173,6 +173,7 @@ extern int npmem_ranges;
>>
>> #include <asm-generic/memory_model.h>
>> #include <asm-generic/getorder.h>
>> +#include <asm-generic/pgtable-geometry.h>
>> #include <asm/pdc.h>
>>
>> #define PAGE0 ((struct zeropage *)absolute_pointer(__PAGE_OFFSET))
>> diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/page.h b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/page.h
>> index 83d0a4fc5f755..4601c115b6485 100644
>> --- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/page.h
>> +++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/page.h
>> @@ -300,4 +300,6 @@ static inline unsigned long kaslr_offset(void)
>> #include <asm-generic/memory_model.h>
>> #endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */
>>
>> +#include <asm-generic/pgtable-geometry.h>
>> +
>> #endif /* _ASM_POWERPC_PAGE_H */
>> diff --git a/arch/riscv/include/asm/page.h b/arch/riscv/include/asm/page.h
>> index 7ede2111c5917..e5af7579e45bf 100644
>> --- a/arch/riscv/include/asm/page.h
>> +++ b/arch/riscv/include/asm/page.h
>> @@ -204,5 +204,6 @@ static __always_inline void *pfn_to_kaddr(unsigned long pfn)
>>
>> #include <asm-generic/memory_model.h>
>> #include <asm-generic/getorder.h>
>> +#include <asm-generic/pgtable-geometry.h>
>>
>> #endif /* _ASM_RISCV_PAGE_H */
>> diff --git a/arch/s390/include/asm/page.h b/arch/s390/include/asm/page.h
>> index 16e4caa931f1f..42157e7690a77 100644
>> --- a/arch/s390/include/asm/page.h
>> +++ b/arch/s390/include/asm/page.h
>> @@ -275,6 +275,7 @@ static inline unsigned long virt_to_pfn(const void *kaddr)
>>
>> #include <asm-generic/memory_model.h>
>> #include <asm-generic/getorder.h>
>> +#include <asm-generic/pgtable-geometry.h>
>>
>> #define AMODE31_SIZE (3 * PAGE_SIZE)
>>
>> diff --git a/arch/sh/include/asm/page.h b/arch/sh/include/asm/page.h
>> index f780b467e75d7..09533d46ef033 100644
>> --- a/arch/sh/include/asm/page.h
>> +++ b/arch/sh/include/asm/page.h
>> @@ -162,5 +162,6 @@ typedef struct page *pgtable_t;
>>
>> #include <asm-generic/memory_model.h>
>> #include <asm-generic/getorder.h>
>> +#include <asm-generic/pgtable-geometry.h>
>>
>> #endif /* __ASM_SH_PAGE_H */
>> diff --git a/arch/sparc/include/asm/page.h b/arch/sparc/include/asm/page.h
>> index 5e44cdf2a8f2b..4327fe2bfa010 100644
>> --- a/arch/sparc/include/asm/page.h
>> +++ b/arch/sparc/include/asm/page.h
>> @@ -9,4 +9,7 @@
>> #else
>> #include <asm/page_32.h>
>> #endif
>> +
>> +#include <asm-generic/pgtable-geometry.h>
>> +
>> #endif
>> diff --git a/arch/um/include/asm/page.h b/arch/um/include/asm/page.h
>> index 9ef9a8aedfa66..f26011808f514 100644
>> --- a/arch/um/include/asm/page.h
>> +++ b/arch/um/include/asm/page.h
>> @@ -119,4 +119,6 @@ extern unsigned long uml_physmem;
>> #define __HAVE_ARCH_GATE_AREA 1
>> #endif
>>
>> +#include <asm-generic/pgtable-geometry.h>
>> +
>> #endif /* __UM_PAGE_H */
>> diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/page_types.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/page_types.h
>> index 52f1b4ff0cc16..6d2381342047f 100644
>> --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/page_types.h
>> +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/page_types.h
>> @@ -71,4 +71,6 @@ extern void initmem_init(void);
>>
>> #endif /* !__ASSEMBLY__ */
>>
>> +#include <asm-generic/pgtable-geometry.h>
>> +
>> #endif /* _ASM_X86_PAGE_DEFS_H */
>> diff --git a/arch/xtensa/include/asm/page.h b/arch/xtensa/include/asm/page.h
>> index 4db56ef052d22..86952cb32af23 100644
>> --- a/arch/xtensa/include/asm/page.h
>> +++ b/arch/xtensa/include/asm/page.h
>> @@ -200,4 +200,5 @@ static inline unsigned long ___pa(unsigned long va)
>> #endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */
>>
>> #include <asm-generic/memory_model.h>
>> +#include <asm-generic/pgtable-geometry.h>
>> #endif /* _XTENSA_PAGE_H */
>> diff --git a/include/asm-generic/pgtable-geometry.h b/include/asm-generic/pgtable-geometry.h
>> new file mode 100644
>> index 0000000000000..358e729a6ac37
>> --- /dev/null
>> +++ b/include/asm-generic/pgtable-geometry.h
>> @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
>> +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
>> +#ifndef ASM_GENERIC_PGTABLE_GEOMETRY_H
>> +#define ASM_GENERIC_PGTABLE_GEOMETRY_H
>> +
>> +#if defined(PAGE_SHIFT_MAX) && defined(PAGE_SIZE_MAX) && defined(PAGE_MASK_MAX) && \
>> + defined(PAGE_SHIFT_MIN) && defined(PAGE_SIZE_MIN) && defined(PAGE_MASK_MIN)
>> +/* Arch supports boot-time page size selection. */
>> +#elif defined(PAGE_SHIFT_MAX) || defined(PAGE_SIZE_MAX) || defined(PAGE_MASK_MAX) || \
>> + defined(PAGE_SHIFT_MIN) || defined(PAGE_SIZE_MIN) || defined(PAGE_MASK_MIN)
>> +#error Arch must define all or none of the boot-time page size macros
>> +#else
>> +/* Arch does not support boot-time page size selection. */
>> +#define PAGE_SHIFT_MIN PAGE_SHIFT
>> +#define PAGE_SIZE_MIN PAGE_SIZE
>> +#define PAGE_MASK_MIN PAGE_MASK
>> +#define PAGE_SHIFT_MAX PAGE_SHIFT
>> +#define PAGE_SIZE_MAX PAGE_SIZE
>> +#define PAGE_MASK_MAX PAGE_MASK
>> +#endif
>> +
>> +/*
>> + * Define a global variable (scalar or struct), whose value is derived from
>> + * PAGE_SIZE and friends. When PAGE_SIZE is a compile-time constant, the global
>> + * variable is simply defined with the static value. When PAGE_SIZE is
>> + * determined at boot-time, a pure initcall is registered and run during boot to
>> + * initialize the variable.
>> + *
>> + * @type: Unqualified type. Do not include "const"; implied by macro variant.
>> + * @name: Variable name.
>> + * @...: Initialization value. May be scalar or initializer.
>> + *
>> + * "static" is declared by placing "static" before the macro.
>> + *
>> + * Example:
>> + *
>> + * struct my_struct {
>> + * int a;
>> + * char b;
>> + * };
>> + *
>> + * static DEFINE_GLOBAL_PAGE_SIZE_VAR(struct my_struct, my_variable, {
>> + * .a = 10,
>> + * .b = 'e',
>> + * });
>> + */
>> +#if PAGE_SIZE_MIN != PAGE_SIZE_MAX
>> +#define __DEFINE_GLOBAL_PAGE_SIZE_VAR(type, name, attrib, ...) \
>> + type name attrib; \
>> + static int __init __attribute__((constructor)) __##name##_init(void) \
>> + { \
>> + name = (type)__VA_ARGS__; \
>> + return 0; \
>> + }
>> +
>> +#define DEFINE_GLOBAL_PAGE_SIZE_VAR(type, name, ...) \
>> + __DEFINE_GLOBAL_PAGE_SIZE_VAR(type, name, , __VA_ARGS__)
>> +
>> +#define DEFINE_GLOBAL_PAGE_SIZE_VAR_CONST(type, name, ...) \
>> + __DEFINE_GLOBAL_PAGE_SIZE_VAR(type, name, __ro_after_init, __VA_ARGS__)
>> +#else /* PAGE_SIZE_MIN == PAGE_SIZE_MAX */
>> +#define __DEFINE_GLOBAL_PAGE_SIZE_VAR(type, name, attrib, ...) \
>> + type name attrib = __VA_ARGS__; \
>> +
>> +#define DEFINE_GLOBAL_PAGE_SIZE_VAR(type, name, ...) \
>> + __DEFINE_GLOBAL_PAGE_SIZE_VAR(type, name, , __VA_ARGS__)
>> +
>> +#define DEFINE_GLOBAL_PAGE_SIZE_VAR_CONST(type, name, ...) \
>> + __DEFINE_GLOBAL_PAGE_SIZE_VAR(const type, name, , __VA_ARGS__)
>> +#endif
>> +
>> +#endif /* ASM_GENERIC_PGTABLE_GEOMETRY_H */
>> diff --git a/init/main.c b/init/main.c
>> index 206acdde51f5a..ba1515eb20b9d 100644
>> --- a/init/main.c
>> +++ b/init/main.c
>> @@ -899,6 +899,8 @@ static void __init early_numa_node_init(void)
>> #endif
>> }
>>
>> +static __init void do_ctors(void);
>> +
>> asmlinkage __visible __init __no_sanitize_address __noreturn __no_stack_protector
>> void start_kernel(void)
>> {
>> @@ -910,6 +912,8 @@ void start_kernel(void)
>> debug_objects_early_init();
>> init_vmlinux_build_id();
>>
>> + do_ctors();
>> +
>> cgroup_init_early();
>>
>> local_irq_disable();
>> @@ -1360,7 +1364,6 @@ static void __init do_basic_setup(void)
>> cpuset_init_smp();
>> driver_init();
>> init_irq_proc();
>> - do_ctors();
>> do_initcalls();
>> }
>>
>> --
>> 2.43.0
>>
>

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