Re: [PATCH v3] watchdog: Add driver for Gunyah Watchdog
From: Guenter Roeck
Date: Tue Oct 28 2025 - 12:06:16 EST
On 10/28/25 02:35, Hrishabh Rajput via B4 Relay wrote:
From: Hrishabh Rajput <hrishabh.rajput@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
On Qualcomm SoCs running under the Gunyah hypervisor, access to watchdog
through MMIO is not available on all platforms. Depending on the
hypervisor configuration, the watchdog is either fully emulated or
exposed via ARM's SMC Calling Conventions (SMCCC) through the Vendor
Specific Hypervisor Service Calls space.
When Gunyah is not present or Gunyah emulates MMIO-based watchdog, we
expect Qualcomm watchdog or ARM SBSA watchdog device to be present in
the devicetree. If we detect either of the device nodes, we don't
proceed ahead. Otherwise, we go ahead and invoke GUNYAH_WDT_STATUS SMC
to initiate the discovery of the SMC-based watchdog.
Add driver to support the SMC-based watchdog provided by the Gunyah
Hypervisor. module_exit() is intentionally not implemented as this
driver is intended to be a persistent module.
Signed-off-by: Hrishabh Rajput <hrishabh.rajput@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
---
Gunyah is a Type-I hypervisor which was introduced in the patch series
[1]. It is an open source hypervisor. The source repo is available at
[2].
The Gunyah Hypervisor doesn't allow its Virtual Machines to directly
access the MMIO watchdog. It either provides the fully emulated MMIO
based watchdog interface or the SMC-based watchdog interface depending
on the hypervisor configuration.
The SMC-based watchdog follows ARM's SMC Calling Convention (SMCCC)
version 1.1 and uses Vendor Specific Hypervisor Service Calls space.
This patch series adds support for the SMC-based watchdog interface
provided by the Gunyah Hypervisor.
This series is tested on SM8750 platform.
[1]
https://lore.kernel.org/all/20240222-gunyah-v17-0-1e9da6763d38@xxxxxxxxxxx/
[2]
https://github.com/quic/gunyah-hypervisor
---
Changes in v3:
- Move back to platform driver model. In module init, determine if we're
running on a Qualcomm device and there is no supported memory-mapped
watchdog present. Then proceed to register platform device and driver
for SMC-based Gunyah watchdog.
- To determine if we're running on a Qualcomm device we're checking the
presence of "qcom,smem" compatible devicetree node. As an alternative,
we also tried using socinfo for the same purpose. When both
gunyah_wdt and socinfo drivers were made built-in, it couldn't be
ensured that the socinfo driver probed successfully before gunyah_wdt
init was called. Hence, we resorted to the devicetree node approach.
- Limit the errors listed in gunyah_error to the ones that can be
produced by the driver.
- Link to v2: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20251006-gunyah_watchdog-v2-1-b99d41d45450@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Changes in v2:
- Move away from platform driver model since the devicetree overlay does
not happen by default.
See https://lore.kernel.org/all/91002189-9d9e-48a2-8424-c42705fed3f8@xxxxxxxxxxx/
- Only when MMIO-based watchdog device is absent in the devicetree,
proceed to detect SMC-based watchdog using GUNYAH_WDT_STATUS SMC and
initialize if SMC returns success.
- Implement pm notifiers as gunyah_wdt is no longer a platform driver so
dev_pm_ops cannot be used.
- Pretimeout IRQ is no longer supported.
- Remove struct gunyah_wdt since it is not required.
- Move the contents of gunyah_errno.h to gunyah_wdt.c.
- Link to v1: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250903-gunyah_watchdog-v1-0-3ae690530e4b@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
---
MAINTAINERS | 1 +
drivers/watchdog/Kconfig | 14 ++
drivers/watchdog/Makefile | 1 +
drivers/watchdog/gunyah_wdt.c | 291 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
4 files changed, 307 insertions(+)
diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
index c0b444e5fd5a..56dbd0d3e31b 100644
--- a/MAINTAINERS
+++ b/MAINTAINERS
@@ -3083,6 +3083,7 @@ F: arch/arm64/boot/dts/qcom/
F: drivers/bus/qcom*
F: drivers/firmware/qcom/
F: drivers/soc/qcom/
+F: drivers/watchdog/gunyah_wdt.c
F: include/dt-bindings/arm/qcom,ids.h
F: include/dt-bindings/firmware/qcom,scm.h
F: include/dt-bindings/soc/qcom*
diff --git a/drivers/watchdog/Kconfig b/drivers/watchdog/Kconfig
index 0c25b2ed44eb..f0dee04b3650 100644
--- a/drivers/watchdog/Kconfig
+++ b/drivers/watchdog/Kconfig
@@ -2343,4 +2343,18 @@ config KEEMBAY_WATCHDOG
To compile this driver as a module, choose M here: the
module will be called keembay_wdt.
+config GUNYAH_WATCHDOG
+ tristate "Qualcomm Gunyah Watchdog"
+ depends on ARCH_QCOM || COMPILE_TEST
+ depends on HAVE_ARM_SMCCC
+ depends on OF
+ select WATCHDOG_CORE
+ help
+ Say Y here to include support for watchdog timer provided by the
+ Gunyah hypervisor. The driver uses ARM SMC Calling Convention (SMCCC)
+ to interact with Gunyah Watchdog.
+
+ To compile this driver as a module, choose M here: the
+ module will be called gunyah_wdt.
+
endif # WATCHDOG
diff --git a/drivers/watchdog/Makefile b/drivers/watchdog/Makefile
index bbd4d62d2cc3..308379782bc3 100644
--- a/drivers/watchdog/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/watchdog/Makefile
@@ -102,6 +102,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_MSC313E_WATCHDOG) += msc313e_wdt.o
obj-$(CONFIG_APPLE_WATCHDOG) += apple_wdt.o
obj-$(CONFIG_SUNPLUS_WATCHDOG) += sunplus_wdt.o
obj-$(CONFIG_MARVELL_GTI_WDT) += marvell_gti_wdt.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_GUNYAH_WATCHDOG) += gunyah_wdt.o
# X86 (i386 + ia64 + x86_64) Architecture
obj-$(CONFIG_ACQUIRE_WDT) += acquirewdt.o
diff --git a/drivers/watchdog/gunyah_wdt.c b/drivers/watchdog/gunyah_wdt.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a165aff5be37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/watchdog/gunyah_wdt.c
@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/arm-smccc.h>
+#include <linux/delay.h>
+#include <linux/errno.h>
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/of.h>
+#include <linux/platform_device.h>
+#include <linux/watchdog.h>
+
+#define GUNYAH_WDT_DRV_NAME "gunyah-wdt"
+
+#define GUNYAH_WDT_SMCCC_CALL_VAL(func_id) \
+ ARM_SMCCC_CALL_VAL(ARM_SMCCC_FAST_CALL, ARM_SMCCC_SMC_32,\
+ ARM_SMCCC_OWNER_VENDOR_HYP, func_id)
+
+/* SMCCC function IDs for watchdog operations */
+#define GUNYAH_WDT_CONTROL GUNYAH_WDT_SMCCC_CALL_VAL(0x0005)
+#define GUNYAH_WDT_STATUS GUNYAH_WDT_SMCCC_CALL_VAL(0x0006)
+#define GUNYAH_WDT_PING GUNYAH_WDT_SMCCC_CALL_VAL(0x0007)
+#define GUNYAH_WDT_SET_TIME GUNYAH_WDT_SMCCC_CALL_VAL(0x0008)
+
+/*
+ * Control values for GUNYAH_WDT_CONTROL.
+ * Bit 0 is used to enable or disable the watchdog. If this bit is set,
+ * then the watchdog is enabled and vice versa.
+ * Bit 1 should always be set to 1 as this bit is reserved in Gunyah and
+ * it's expected to be 1.
+ */
+#define WDT_CTRL_ENABLE (BIT(1) | BIT(0))
+#define WDT_CTRL_DISABLE BIT(1)
+
+enum gunyah_error {
+ GUNYAH_ERROR_OK = 0,
+ GUNYAH_ERROR_UNIMPLEMENTED = -1,
+ GUNYAH_ERROR_ARG_INVAL = 1,
+};
+
+static struct platform_device *gunyah_wdt_dev;
+
+/**
+ * gunyah_error_remap() - Remap Gunyah hypervisor errors into a Linux error code
+ * @gunyah_error: Gunyah hypercall return value
+ */
+static inline int gunyah_error_remap(enum gunyah_error gunyah_error)
+{
+ switch (gunyah_error) {
+ case GUNYAH_ERROR_OK:
+ return 0;
+ case GUNYAH_ERROR_UNIMPLEMENTED:
+ return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+ default:
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+}
+
+static int gunyah_wdt_call(unsigned long func_id, unsigned long arg1,
+ unsigned long arg2, struct arm_smccc_res *res)
+{
+ arm_smccc_1_1_smc(func_id, arg1, arg2, res);
+ return gunyah_error_remap(res->a0);
+}
+
+static int gunyah_wdt_start(struct watchdog_device *wdd)
+{
+ struct arm_smccc_res res;
+ unsigned int timeout_ms;
+ struct device *dev = wdd->parent;
+ int ret;
+
+ ret = gunyah_wdt_call(GUNYAH_WDT_CONTROL, WDT_CTRL_DISABLE, 0, &res);
+ if (ret && watchdog_active(wdd)) {
+ dev_err(dev, "%s: Failed to stop gunyah wdt %d\n", __func__, ret);
+ return ret;
+ }
+
+ timeout_ms = wdd->timeout * 1000;
+ ret = gunyah_wdt_call(GUNYAH_WDT_SET_TIME,
+ timeout_ms, timeout_ms, &res);
+ if (ret) {
+ dev_err(dev, "%s: Failed to set timeout for gunyah wdt %d\n",
+ __func__, ret);
+ return ret;
+ }
+
+ ret = gunyah_wdt_call(GUNYAH_WDT_CONTROL, WDT_CTRL_ENABLE, 0, &res);
+ if (ret)
+ dev_err(dev, "%s: Failed to start gunyah wdt %d\n", __func__, ret);
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+static int gunyah_wdt_stop(struct watchdog_device *wdd)
+{
+ struct arm_smccc_res res;
+
+ return gunyah_wdt_call(GUNYAH_WDT_CONTROL, WDT_CTRL_DISABLE, 0, &res);
+}
+
+static int gunyah_wdt_ping(struct watchdog_device *wdd)
+{
+ struct arm_smccc_res res;
+
+ return gunyah_wdt_call(GUNYAH_WDT_PING, 0, 0, &res);
+}
+
+static int gunyah_wdt_set_timeout(struct watchdog_device *wdd,
+ unsigned int timeout_sec)
+{
+ wdd->timeout = timeout_sec;
+
+ if (watchdog_active(wdd))
+ return gunyah_wdt_start(wdd);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static unsigned int gunyah_wdt_get_timeleft(struct watchdog_device *wdd)
+{
+ struct arm_smccc_res res;
+ unsigned int seconds_since_last_ping;
+ int ret;
+
+ ret = gunyah_wdt_call(GUNYAH_WDT_STATUS, 0, 0, &res);
+ if (ret)
+ return 0;
+
+ seconds_since_last_ping = res.a2 / 1000;
+ if (seconds_since_last_ping > wdd->timeout)
+ return 0;
+
+ return wdd->timeout - seconds_since_last_ping;
+}
+
+static int gunyah_wdt_restart(struct watchdog_device *wdd,
+ unsigned long action, void *data)
+{
+ struct arm_smccc_res res;
+
+ /* Set timeout to 1ms and send a ping */
+ gunyah_wdt_call(GUNYAH_WDT_CONTROL, WDT_CTRL_ENABLE, 0, &res);
+ gunyah_wdt_call(GUNYAH_WDT_SET_TIME, 1, 1, &res);
+ gunyah_wdt_call(GUNYAH_WDT_PING, 0, 0, &res);
+
+ /* Wait to make sure reset occurs */
+ mdelay(100);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static const struct watchdog_info gunyah_wdt_info = {
+ .identity = "Gunyah Watchdog",
+ .firmware_version = 0,
+ .options = WDIOF_SETTIMEOUT
+ | WDIOF_KEEPALIVEPING
+ | WDIOF_MAGICCLOSE,
+};
+
+static const struct watchdog_ops gunyah_wdt_ops = {
+ .owner = THIS_MODULE,
+ .start = gunyah_wdt_start,
+ .stop = gunyah_wdt_stop,
+ .ping = gunyah_wdt_ping,
+ .set_timeout = gunyah_wdt_set_timeout,
+ .get_timeleft = gunyah_wdt_get_timeleft,
+ .restart = gunyah_wdt_restart
+};
+
+static int gunyah_wdt_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
+{
+ struct watchdog_device *wdd;
+ struct device *dev = &pdev->dev;
+ int ret;
+
+ wdd = devm_kzalloc(dev, sizeof(*wdd), GFP_KERNEL);
+ if (!wdd)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ wdd->info = &gunyah_wdt_info;
+ wdd->ops = &gunyah_wdt_ops;
+ wdd->parent = dev;
+
+ /*
+ * Although Gunyah expects 16-bit unsigned int values as timeout values
+ * in milliseconds, values above 0x8000 are reserved. This limits the
+ * max timeout value to 32 seconds.
+ */
+ wdd->max_timeout = 32; /* seconds */
+ wdd->min_timeout = 1; /* seconds */
+ wdd->timeout = wdd->max_timeout;
+
+ gunyah_wdt_stop(wdd);
+ platform_set_drvdata(pdev, wdd);
+ watchdog_set_restart_priority(wdd, 0);
+
+ ret = devm_watchdog_register_device(dev, wdd);
+ if (ret) {
+ dev_err(dev, "Failed to register watchdog device: %d\n", ret);
+ return ret;
+ }
+
+ dev_dbg(dev, "Gunyah watchdog registered\n");
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int __maybe_unused gunyah_wdt_suspend(struct device *dev)
+{
+ struct watchdog_device *wdd = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
+
+ if (watchdog_active(wdd))
+ gunyah_wdt_stop(wdd);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int __maybe_unused gunyah_wdt_resume(struct device *dev)
+{
+ struct watchdog_device *wdd = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
+
+ if (watchdog_active(wdd))
+ gunyah_wdt_start(wdd);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static DEFINE_SIMPLE_DEV_PM_OPS(gunyah_wdt_pm_ops, gunyah_wdt_suspend, gunyah_wdt_resume);
+
+static struct platform_driver gunyah_wdt_driver = {
+ .probe = gunyah_wdt_probe,
+ .driver = {
+ .name = GUNYAH_WDT_DRV_NAME,
+ .pm = pm_sleep_ptr(&gunyah_wdt_pm_ops),
+ },
+};
+
+static int __init gunyah_wdt_init(void)
+{
+ struct arm_smccc_res res;
+ struct device_node *np;
+ int ret;
+
+ /* Check if we're running on a Qualcomm device */
+ np = of_find_compatible_node(NULL, NULL, "qcom,smem");
+ if (!np)
+ return -ENODEV;
+ of_node_put(np);
+
+ /*
+ * When Gunyah is not present or Gunyah is emulating a memory-mapped
+ * watchdog, either of Qualcomm watchdog or ARM SBSA watchdog will be
+ * present. Skip initialization of SMC-based Gunyah watchdog if that is
+ * the case.
+ */
+ np = of_find_compatible_node(NULL, NULL, "qcom,kpss-wdt");
+ if (np) {
+ of_node_put(np);
+ return -ENODEV;
+ }
+
+ np = of_find_compatible_node(NULL, NULL, "arm,sbsa-gwdt");
+ if (np) {
+ of_node_put(np);
+ return -ENODEV;
+ }
+
+ ret = gunyah_wdt_call(GUNYAH_WDT_STATUS, 0, 0, &res);
+ if (ret)
+ return -ENODEV;
+
+ ret = platform_driver_register(&gunyah_wdt_driver);
+ if (ret)
+ return ret;
+
+ gunyah_wdt_dev = platform_device_register_simple(GUNYAH_WDT_DRV_NAME,
+ -1, NULL, 0);
I did not follow the discussion around this, so I may be missing something.
If so, apologies.
This is a highly unusual approach. What is the point of not instantiating
the watchdog device through devicetree and doing it in the init function
instead ? There should be a devicetree node which instantiates the device;
it should never be instantiated from the init function unless there _is_
no devicetree, which is obviously not the case here.
Every other driver which supports devicetree has an .of_match_table
which triggers device instantiation. If the Gunyah watchdog can for
some reason not use that approach, its devicetree description should
be fixed. Instantiating the device from its init function because its
devicetree description is bad or missing is just wrong. It is even more
wrong to try to contact the hardware or embedded controller to figure out
if the device is there. This can have all kinds of negative impact on other
hardware.
Guenter