Re: [PATCH 00/16] mm: remove is_swap_[pte, pmd]() + non-swap entries, introduce leaf entries

[Lorenzo Stoakes]

On Wed, Nov 05, 2025 at 02:41:40AM +0000, Wei Yang wrote:
> On Mon, Nov 03, 2025 at 12:31:41PM +0000, Lorenzo Stoakes wrote:
> >There's an established convention in the kernel that we treat leaf page
> >tables (so far at the PTE, PMD level) as containing 'swap entries' should
> >they be neither empty (i.e. p**_none() evaluating true) nor present
> >(i.e. p**_present() evaluating true).
> >
> >However, at the same time we also have helper predicates - is_swap_pte(),
> >is_swap_pmd() - which are inconsistently used.
> >
> >This is problematic, as it is logical to assume that should somebody wish
> >to operate upon a page table swap entry they should first check to see if
> >it is in fact one.
> >
> >It also implies that perhaps, in future, we might introduce a non-present,
> >none page table entry that is not a swap entry.
> >
> >This series resolves this issue by systematically eliminating all use of
> >the is_swap_pte() and is swap_pmd() predicates so we retain only the
> >convention that should a leaf page table entry be neither none nor present
> >it is a swap entry.
> >
> >We also have the further issue that 'swap entry' is unfortunately a really
> >rather overloaded term and in fact refers to both entries for swap and for
> >other information such as migration entries, page table markers, and device
> >private entries.
> >
> >We therefore have the rather 'unique' concept of a 'non-swap' swap entry.
> >
> >This series therefore introduces the concept of 'leaf entries' to eliminate
> >this confusion.
> >
> >A leaf entry in this sense is any page table entry which is non-present,
> >and represented by the leaf_entry_t type.
> >
> >This includes 'none' or empty entries, which are simply represented by an
> >zero leaf entry value.
> >
> >In order to maintain compatibility as we transition the kernel to this new
> >type, we simply typedef swp_entry_t to leaf_entry_t.
> >
> >We introduce a number of predicates and helpers to interact with leaf
> >entries in include/linux/leafops.h which, as it imports swapops.h, can be
> >treated as a drop-in replacement for swapops.h wherever leaf entry helpers
> >are used.
> >
> >Since leafent_from_[pte, pmd]() treats present entries as they were
> >empty/none leaf entries, this allows for a great deal of simplification of
> >code throughout the code base, which this series utilises a great deal.
> >
> >We additionally change from swap entry to leaf entry handling where it
> >makes sense to and eliminate functions from swapops.h where leaf entries
> >obviate the need for the functions.
> >
>
> Hi, Lorenzo
>
> Thanks for the effort on cleanup this, which helps me clearing the confusing
> on checking swap entry.

Thank you :) much appreciated!

Hope it's useful, my ultimate initial aim was to address my own confusion and
frustration (stemming out of a debate about use of the is_swap_pte() predicate
on a review), I'm glad that via review and also thinking 'hmm we should address
this also' etc. this his developed into something that hopefully makes life
easier for everybody!

>
>
> --
> Wei Yang
> Help you, Help me

Cheers, Lorenzo