[PATCH] mm, shmem: prevent infinite loop on truncate race

[Kairui Song]

When truncating a large swap entry, shmem_free_swap() returns 0 when the
entry's index doesn't match the given index due to lookup alignment. The
failure fallback path checks if the entry crosses the end border and
aborts when it happens, so truncate won't erase an unexpected entry or
range. But one scenario was ignored.

When `index` points to the middle of a large swap entry, and the large
swap entry doesn't go across the end border, find_get_entries() will
return that large swap entry as the first item in the batch with
`indices[0]` equal to `index`. The entry's base index will be smaller
than `indices[0]`, so shmem_free_swap() will fail and return 0 due to
the "base < index" check. The code will then call shmem_confirm_swap(),
get the order, check if it crosses the END boundary (which it doesn't),
and retry with the same index.

The next iteration will find the same entry again at the same index with
same indices, leading to an infinite loop.

Fix this by retrying with a round-down index, and abort if the index is
smaller than the truncate range.

Reported-by: Chris Mason <clm@xxxxxxxx>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20260128130336.727049-1-clm@xxxxxxxx/
Fixes: 809bc86517cc ("mm: shmem: support large folio swap out")
Fixes: 8a1968bd997f ("mm/shmem, swap: fix race of truncate and swap entry split")
Signed-off-by: Kairui Song <kasong@xxxxxxxxxxx>
---
 mm/shmem.c | 23 ++++++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mm/shmem.c b/mm/shmem.c
index b9ddd38621a0..fe3719eb5a3c 100644
--- a/mm/shmem.c
+++ b/mm/shmem.c
@@ -1211,17 +1211,22 @@ static void shmem_undo_range(struct inode *inode, loff_t lstart, uoff_t lend,
 				swaps_freed = shmem_free_swap(mapping, indices[i],
 							      end - 1, folio);
 				if (!swaps_freed) {
-					/*
-					 * If found a large swap entry cross the end border,
-					 * skip it as the truncate_inode_partial_folio above
-					 * should have at least zerod its content once.
-					 */
+					pgoff_t base = indices[i];
+
 					order = shmem_confirm_swap(mapping, indices[i],
 								   radix_to_swp_entry(folio));
-					if (order > 0 && indices[i] + (1 << order) > end)
-						continue;
-					/* Swap was replaced by page: retry */
-					index = indices[i];
+					/*
+					 * If found a large swap entry cross the end or start
+					 * border, skip it as the truncate_inode_partial_folio
+					 * above should have at least zerod its content once.
+					 */
+					if (order > 0) {
+						base = round_down(base, 1 << order);
+						if (base < start || base + (1 << order) > end)
+							continue;
+					}
+					/* Swap was replaced by page or extended, retry */
+					index = base;
 					break;
 				}
 				nr_swaps_freed += swaps_freed;
-- 
2.52.0

And I think we really should simplify the whole truncate loop.