[PATCH v4 1/2] arm64: Optimize __READ_ONCE() with CONFIG_LTO=y

[Marco Elver]

Rework arm64 LTO __READ_ONCE() to improve code generation as follows:

1. Replace _Generic-based __unqual_scalar_typeof() with more complete
   __rwonce_typeof_unqual(). This strips qualifiers from all types, not
   just integer types, which is required to be able to assign (must be
   non-const) to __u.__val in the non-atomic case (required for #2).

One subtle point here is that non-integer types of __val could be const
or volatile within the union with the old __unqual_scalar_typeof(), if
the passed variable is const or volatile. This would then result in a
forced load from the stack if __u.__val is volatile; in the case of
const, it does look odd if the underlying storage changes, but the
compiler is told said member is "const" -- it smells like UB.

2. Eliminate the atomic flag and ternary conditional expression. Move
   the fallback volatile load into the default case of the switch,
   ensuring __u is unconditionally initialized across all paths.
   The statement expression now unconditionally returns __u.__val.

This refactoring appears to help the compiler improve (or fix) code
generation.

With a defconfig + LTO + debug options builds, we observe different
codegen for the following functions:

	btrfs_reclaim_sweep (708 -> 1032 bytes)
	btrfs_sinfo_bg_reclaim_threshold_store (200 -> 204 bytes)
	check_mem_access (3652 -> 3692 bytes) [inlined bpf_map_is_rdonly]
	console_flush_all (1268 -> 1264 bytes)
	console_lock_spinning_disable_and_check (180 -> 176 bytes)
	igb_add_filter (640 -> 636 bytes)
	igb_config_tx_modes (2404 -> 2400 bytes)
	kvm_vcpu_on_spin (480 -> 476 bytes)
	map_freeze (376 -> 380 bytes)
	netlink_bind (1664 -> 1656 bytes)
	nmi_cpu_backtrace (404 -> 400 bytes)
	set_rps_cpu (516 -> 520 bytes)
	swap_cluster_readahead (944 -> 932 bytes)
	tcp_accecn_third_ack (328 -> 336 bytes)
	tcp_create_openreq_child (1764 -> 1772 bytes)
	tcp_data_queue (5784 -> 5892 bytes)
	tcp_ecn_rcv_synack (620 -> 628 bytes)
	xen_manage_runstate_time (944 -> 896 bytes)
	xen_steal_clock (340 -> 296 bytes)

Increase of some functions are due to more aggressive inlining due to
better codegen (in this build, e.g. bpf_map_is_rdonly is no longer
present due to being inlined completely).

NOTE: The return-value-of-function-drops-qualifiers hack was first
suggested by Al Viro in [1], which notes some of its limitations which
make it unsuitable for a general __unqual_scalar_typeof() replacement.
Notably, array types are not supported, and GCC 8.1-8.3 still fail. Why
should we use it here? READ_ONCE() does not support reading whole
arrays, and the GCC version problem only affects 3 minor releases of a
very ancient still-supported GCC version; not only that, this arm64
READ_ONCE() version is currently only activated by LTO builds, which
to-date are *only supported by Clang*!

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260111182010.GH3634291@ZenIV/ [1]
Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@xxxxxxxxxx>
---
v4:
* Use the return-value-of-function-drops-qualifiers hack to paint the
  bikeshed.

v3:
* Comment.

v2:
* Add __rwonce_typeof_unqual() as fallback for old compilers.
---
 arch/arm64/include/asm/rwonce.h | 18 ++++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/rwonce.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/rwonce.h
index fc0fb42b0b64..9fd24cef3376 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/rwonce.h
+++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/rwonce.h
@@ -19,6 +19,17 @@
 		"ldapr"	#sfx "\t" #regs,				\
 	ARM64_HAS_LDAPR)
 
+/*
+ * Replace this with typeof_unqual() when minimum compiler versions are
+ * increased to GCC 14 and Clang 19. For the time being, we need this
+ * workaround, which relies on function return values dropping qualifiers.
+ */
+#define __rwonce_typeof_unqual(x) typeof(({				\
+	__diag_push()							\
+	__diag_ignore_all("-Wignored-qualifiers", "")			\
+	((typeof(x)(*)(void))0)();					\
+	__diag_pop() }))
+
 /*
  * When building with LTO, there is an increased risk of the compiler
  * converting an address dependency headed by a READ_ONCE() invocation
@@ -32,8 +43,7 @@
 #define __READ_ONCE(x)							\
 ({									\
 	typeof(&(x)) __x = &(x);					\
-	int atomic = 1;							\
-	union { __unqual_scalar_typeof(*__x) __val; char __c[1]; } __u;	\
+	union { __rwonce_typeof_unqual(*__x) __val; char __c[1]; } __u;	\
 	switch (sizeof(x)) {						\
 	case 1:								\
 		asm volatile(__LOAD_RCPC(b, %w0, %1)			\
@@ -56,9 +66,9 @@
 			: "Q" (*__x) : "memory");			\
 		break;							\
 	default:							\
-		atomic = 0;						\
+		__u.__val = *(volatile typeof(*__x) *)__x;		\
 	}								\
-	atomic ? (typeof(*__x))__u.__val : (*(volatile typeof(*__x) *)__x);\
+	__u.__val;							\
 })
 
 #endif	/* !BUILD_VDSO */
-- 
2.53.0.335.g19a08e0c02-goog