[RFC PATCH v4 08/27] mm/ksm: skip KSM for managed-memory folios

From: Gregory Price

Date: Sun Feb 22 2026 - 03:52:36 EST


Private node folios should not participate in KSM merging by default.
The driver manages the memory lifecycle and KSM's page sharing can
interfere with driver operations.

Extend the existing zone_device checks in get_mergeable_page and
ksm_next_page_pmd_entry to cover private node folios as well.

Signed-off-by: Gregory Price <gourry@xxxxxxxxxx>
---
mm/ksm.c | 9 ++++++---
1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mm/ksm.c b/mm/ksm.c
index 2d89a7c8b4eb..c48e95a6fff9 100644
--- a/mm/ksm.c
+++ b/mm/ksm.c
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
#include <linux/oom.h>
#include <linux/numa.h>
#include <linux/pagewalk.h>
+#include <linux/node_private.h>

#include <asm/tlbflush.h>
#include "internal.h"
@@ -808,7 +809,7 @@ static struct page *get_mergeable_page(struct ksm_rmap_item *rmap_item)

folio = folio_walk_start(&fw, vma, addr, 0);
if (folio) {
- if (!folio_is_zone_device(folio) &&
+ if (!folio_is_private_managed(folio) &&
folio_test_anon(folio)) {
folio_get(folio);
page = fw.page;
@@ -2521,7 +2522,8 @@ static int ksm_next_page_pmd_entry(pmd_t *pmdp, unsigned long addr, unsigned lon
goto not_found_unlock;
folio = page_folio(page);

- if (folio_is_zone_device(folio) || !folio_test_anon(folio))
+ if (unlikely(folio_is_private_managed(folio)) ||
+ !folio_test_anon(folio))
goto not_found_unlock;

page += ((addr & (PMD_SIZE - 1)) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
@@ -2545,7 +2547,8 @@ static int ksm_next_page_pmd_entry(pmd_t *pmdp, unsigned long addr, unsigned lon
continue;
folio = page_folio(page);

- if (folio_is_zone_device(folio) || !folio_test_anon(folio))
+ if (unlikely(folio_is_private_managed(folio)) ||
+ !folio_test_anon(folio))
continue;
goto found_unlock;
}
--
2.53.0