Re: [PATCH v2] x86/hyperv: Use __naked attribute to fix stackless C function

[Andrew Cooper]

On 27/02/2026 10:40 pm, Ard Biesheuvel wrote:
> hv_crash_c_entry() is a C function that is entered without a stack,
> and this is only allowed for functions that have the __naked attribute,
> which informs the compiler that it must not emit the usual prologue and
> epilogue or emit any other kind of instrumentation that relies on a
> stack frame.
>
> So split up the function, and set the __naked attribute on the initial
> part that sets up the stack, GDT, IDT and other pieces that are needed
> for ordinary C execution. Given that function calls are not permitted
> either, use the existing long return coded in an asm() block to call the
> second part of the function, which is an ordinary function that is
> permitted to call other functions as usual.
>
> Cc: Mukesh Rathor <mrathor@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
> Cc: Wei Liu <wei.liu@xxxxxxxxxx>
> Cc: Uros Bizjak <ubizjak@xxxxxxxxx>
> Cc: Andrew Cooper <andrew.cooper3@xxxxxxxxxx>
> Cc: linux-hyperv@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
> Fixes: 94212d34618c ("x86/hyperv: Implement hypervisor RAM collection into vmcore")
> Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@xxxxxxxxxx>
> ---
> v2: apply some asm tweaks suggested by Uros and Andrew

Looking better.  FWIW, Reviewed-by: Andrew Cooper
<andrew.cooper3@xxxxxxxxxx> (asm parts, not hv parts).

Two minor suggestions, probably left to the maintainers digression.

> diff --git a/arch/x86/hyperv/hv_crash.c b/arch/x86/hyperv/hv_crash.c
> index 92da1b4f2e73..1c0965eb346e 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/hyperv/hv_crash.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/hyperv/hv_crash.c
> @@ -125,6 +123,25 @@ static noinline void hv_crash_clear_kernpt(void)
>  	native_p4d_clear(p4d);
>  }
>  
> +
> +static void __noreturn hv_crash_handle(void)
> +{
> +	hv_crash_restore_tss();
> +	hv_crash_clear_kernpt();
> +
> +	/* we are now fully in devirtualized normal kernel mode */
> +	__crash_kexec(NULL);
> +
> +	hv_panic_timeout_reboot();
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * __naked functions do not permit function calls, not even to __always_inline
> + * functions that only contain asm() blocks themselves. So use a macro instead.
> + */
> +#define hv_wrmsr(msr, val) \
> +	asm("wrmsr" :: "c"(msr), "a"((u32)val), "d"((u32)(val >> 32)) : "memory")

How about naming it hv_crash_wrmsr()?

It's important that this wrapper is not reused elsewhere.  Elsewhere
should use the regular MSR accessors.

> +
>  /*
>   * This is the C entry point from the asm glue code after the disable hypercall.
>   * We enter here in IA32-e long mode, ie, full 64bit mode running on kernel
> @@ -133,49 +150,35 @@ static noinline void hv_crash_clear_kernpt(void)
>   * available. We restore kernel GDT, and rest of the context, and continue
>   * to kexec.
>   */
> -static asmlinkage void __noreturn hv_crash_c_entry(void)
> +static void __naked hv_crash_c_entry(void)
>  {
> -	struct hv_crash_ctxt *ctxt = &hv_crash_ctxt;
> -
>  	/* first thing, restore kernel gdt */
> -	native_load_gdt(&ctxt->gdtr);
> +	asm volatile("lgdt %0" : : "m" (hv_crash_ctxt.gdtr));
>  
> -	asm volatile("movw %%ax, %%ss" : : "a"(ctxt->ss));
> -	asm volatile("movq %0, %%rsp" : : "m"(ctxt->rsp));
> +	asm volatile("movw %0, %%ss" : : "m"(hv_crash_ctxt.ss));
> +	asm volatile("movq %0, %%rsp" : : "m"(hv_crash_ctxt.rsp));
>  
> -	asm volatile("movw %%ax, %%ds" : : "a"(ctxt->ds));
> -	asm volatile("movw %%ax, %%es" : : "a"(ctxt->es));
> -	asm volatile("movw %%ax, %%fs" : : "a"(ctxt->fs));
> -	asm volatile("movw %%ax, %%gs" : : "a"(ctxt->gs));
> +	asm volatile("movw %0, %%ds" : : "m"(hv_crash_ctxt.ds));
> +	asm volatile("movw %0, %%es" : : "m"(hv_crash_ctxt.es));
> +	asm volatile("movw %0, %%fs" : : "m"(hv_crash_ctxt.fs));
> +	asm volatile("movw %0, %%gs" : : "m"(hv_crash_ctxt.gs));
>  
> -	native_wrmsrq(MSR_IA32_CR_PAT, ctxt->pat);
> -	asm volatile("movq %0, %%cr0" : : "r"(ctxt->cr0));
> +	hv_wrmsr(MSR_IA32_CR_PAT, hv_crash_ctxt.pat);
> +	asm volatile("movq %0, %%cr0" : : "r"(hv_crash_ctxt.cr0));
>  
> -	asm volatile("movq %0, %%cr8" : : "r"(ctxt->cr8));
> -	asm volatile("movq %0, %%cr4" : : "r"(ctxt->cr4));
> -	asm volatile("movq %0, %%cr2" : : "r"(ctxt->cr4));
> +	asm volatile("movq %0, %%cr8" : : "r"(hv_crash_ctxt.cr8));
> +	asm volatile("movq %0, %%cr4" : : "r"(hv_crash_ctxt.cr4));
> +	asm volatile("movq %0, %%cr2" : : "r"(hv_crash_ctxt.cr4));
>  
> -	native_load_idt(&ctxt->idtr);
> -	native_wrmsrq(MSR_GS_BASE, ctxt->gsbase);
> -	native_wrmsrq(MSR_EFER, ctxt->efer);
> +	asm volatile("lidt %0" : : "m" (hv_crash_ctxt.idtr));
> +	hv_wrmsr(MSR_GS_BASE, hv_crash_ctxt.gsbase);
> +	hv_wrmsr(MSR_EFER, hv_crash_ctxt.efer);
>  
>  	/* restore the original kernel CS now via far return */
> -	asm volatile("movzwq %0, %%rax\n\t"
> -		     "pushq %%rax\n\t"
> -		     "pushq $1f\n\t"
> -		     "lretq\n\t"
> -		     "1:nop\n\t" : : "m"(ctxt->cs) : "rax");
> -
> -	/* We are in asmlinkage without stack frame, hence make C function
> -	 * calls which will buy stack frames.
> -	 */
> -	hv_crash_restore_tss();
> -	hv_crash_clear_kernpt();
> -
> -	/* we are now fully in devirtualized normal kernel mode */
> -	__crash_kexec(NULL);
> -
> -	hv_panic_timeout_reboot();
> +	asm volatile("pushq %q0\n\t"
> +		     "pushq %q1\n\t"
> +		     "lretq"
> +		     :: "r"(hv_crash_ctxt.cs), "r"(hv_crash_handle));
>  }
>  /* Tell gcc we are using lretq long jump in the above function intentionally */
>  STACK_FRAME_NON_STANDARD(hv_crash_c_entry);

How about fixing the comment to say objtool?  It's not GCC which cares.

~Andrew