[PATCH v3] Bluetooth: fix UAF in l2cap_sock_cleanup_listen() vs l2cap_conn_del()
From: Safa Karakuş
Date: Sat May 16 2026 - 05:22:10 EST
bt_accept_dequeue() unlinks a not-yet-accepted child from the parent
accept queue and release_sock()s it before returning, so the returned
sk has no caller reference and is unlocked.
l2cap_sock_cleanup_listen() walks these children on listening-socket
close. A concurrent HCI disconnect drives hci_rx_work ->
l2cap_conn_del() which runs l2cap_chan_del() + l2cap_sock_kill() and
frees the child sk and its l2cap_chan; cleanup_listen() then uses both:
BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in l2cap_sock_kill
l2cap_sock_kill / l2cap_sock_cleanup_listen / __x64_sys_close
Freed by: l2cap_conn_del -> l2cap_sock_close_cb -> l2cap_sock_kill
CVE-2025-39860 only serialised the two userspace threads racing
bt_accept_dequeue() (cleanup_listen() under lock_sock() in
l2cap_sock_release()); it does not cover l2cap_conn_del() from
hci_rx_work, so this still reproduces on v7.0-rc5.
Take the reference at the source: bt_accept_dequeue() does sock_hold()
while sk is still locked, before release_sock(); callers sock_put().
cleanup_listen() pins the chan with l2cap_chan_hold_unless_zero() under
a brief child sk lock (serialising vs l2cap_sock_teardown_cb()), drops
it before l2cap_chan_lock(), and skips a duplicate l2cap_sock_kill() on
SOCK_DEAD. conn->lock is not taken here: cleanup_listen() runs under
the parent sk lock and that would invert
conn->lock -> chan->lock -> sk_lock (lockdep).
KASAN/SMP: 12 use-after-free per run before, 0 and no lockdep over
1400+ raced iterations after.
Fixes: 15f02b910562 ("Bluetooth: L2CAP: Add initial code for Enhanced Credit Based Mode")
Cc: stable@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Signed-off-by: Safa Karakuş <safa.karakus@xxxxxxxxxxxx>
---
Hi Luiz,
v3 - addresses the sashiko findings on v1. An interim approach using
conn->lock closed the UAF but hit a lockdep inversion, so this pins the
chan via a brief child sk lock instead.
Changes since v2:
- Take the ref inside bt_accept_dequeue() (v1/v2 added sock_hold()
after it, racing the free); also fix the chan lifetime; no
conn->lock (lockdep). Reproduced on v7.0-rc5 post CVE-2025-39860:
12 UAF/run -> 0.
Changes since v1: consistent From/Signed-off-by.
net/bluetooth/af_bluetooth.c | 10 +++++++
net/bluetooth/iso.c | 9 ++++++-
net/bluetooth/l2cap_sock.c | 51 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----
net/bluetooth/rfcomm/sock.c | 9 ++++++-
net/bluetooth/sco.c | 9 ++++++-
5 files changed, 78 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)
diff --git a/net/bluetooth/af_bluetooth.c b/net/bluetooth/af_bluetooth.c
index 2b94e2077..10eafe7c1 100644
--- a/net/bluetooth/af_bluetooth.c
+++ b/net/bluetooth/af_bluetooth.c
@@ -309,6 +309,16 @@ struct sock *bt_accept_dequeue(struct sock *parent, struct socket *newsock)
if (newsock)
sock_graft(sk, newsock);
+ /* Hand the caller a reference taken while sk is still
+ * locked. bt_accept_unlink() just dropped the
+ * accept-queue reference; without this hold a
+ * concurrent teardown (e.g. l2cap_conn_del() ->
+ * l2cap_sock_kill()) could free sk between
+ * release_sock() and the caller using it. Every
+ * caller drops this with sock_put() when done.
+ */
+ sock_hold(sk);
+
release_sock(sk);
return sk;
}
diff --git a/net/bluetooth/iso.c b/net/bluetooth/iso.c
index be145e273..94732563d 100644
--- a/net/bluetooth/iso.c
+++ b/net/bluetooth/iso.c
@@ -759,6 +759,8 @@ static void iso_sock_cleanup_listen(struct sock *parent)
while ((sk = bt_accept_dequeue(parent, NULL))) {
iso_sock_close(sk);
iso_sock_kill(sk);
+ /* Drop the reference handed back by bt_accept_dequeue(). */
+ sock_put(sk);
}
/* If listening socket has a hcon, properly disconnect it */
@@ -1364,8 +1366,13 @@ static int iso_sock_accept(struct socket *sock, struct socket *newsock,
}
ch = bt_accept_dequeue(sk, newsock);
- if (ch)
+ if (ch) {
+ /* Drop the bridging ref from bt_accept_dequeue();
+ * the grafted socket keeps ch alive from here.
+ */
+ sock_put(ch);
break;
+ }
if (!timeo) {
err = -EAGAIN;
diff --git a/net/bluetooth/l2cap_sock.c b/net/bluetooth/l2cap_sock.c
index 71e8c1b45..61f2b20a7 100644
--- a/net/bluetooth/l2cap_sock.c
+++ b/net/bluetooth/l2cap_sock.c
@@ -349,8 +349,13 @@ static int l2cap_sock_accept(struct socket *sock, struct socket *newsock,
}
nsk = bt_accept_dequeue(sk, newsock);
- if (nsk)
+ if (nsk) {
+ /* Drop the bridging ref from bt_accept_dequeue();
+ * the grafted socket keeps nsk alive from here.
+ */
+ sock_put(nsk);
break;
+ }
if (!timeo) {
err = -EAGAIN;
@@ -1475,22 +1480,54 @@ static void l2cap_sock_cleanup_listen(struct sock *parent)
BT_DBG("parent %p state %s", parent,
state_to_string(parent->sk_state));
- /* Close not yet accepted channels */
+ /* Close not yet accepted channels.
+ *
+ * bt_accept_dequeue() now returns sk with an extra reference held
+ * (taken while sk was still locked) so a concurrent l2cap_conn_del()
+ * -> l2cap_sock_kill() cannot free sk under us.
+ *
+ * cleanup_listen() runs under the parent sk lock, so unlike
+ * l2cap_sock_shutdown() we must NOT take conn->lock here: that would
+ * establish sk_lock -> conn->lock and invert the established
+ * conn->lock -> chan->lock -> sk_lock order (lockdep deadlock).
+ *
+ * Instead, briefly take the child sk lock to fetch and pin its chan.
+ * l2cap_conn_del() reaches the chan free only via
+ * l2cap_chan_del() -> l2cap_sock_teardown_cb(), which itself takes
+ * the child sk lock; holding it across l2cap_chan_hold_unless_zero()
+ * therefore guarantees the chan cannot be freed while we read and
+ * pin it (hold_unless_zero() additionally skips a chan already past
+ * its last reference). We then drop the sk lock before taking
+ * chan->lock, so sk and chan locks are never held together.
+ */
while ((sk = bt_accept_dequeue(parent, NULL))) {
- struct l2cap_chan *chan = l2cap_pi(sk)->chan;
+ struct l2cap_chan *chan;
+
+ lock_sock_nested(sk, L2CAP_NESTING_NORMAL);
+ chan = l2cap_chan_hold_unless_zero(l2cap_pi(sk)->chan);
+ release_sock(sk);
+ if (!chan) {
+ /* l2cap_conn_del() already tearing this child down */
+ sock_put(sk);
+ continue;
+ }
BT_DBG("child chan %p state %s", chan,
state_to_string(chan->state));
- l2cap_chan_hold(chan);
l2cap_chan_lock(chan);
-
__clear_chan_timer(chan);
l2cap_chan_close(chan, ECONNRESET);
- l2cap_sock_kill(sk);
-
+ /* l2cap_conn_del() may already have killed this socket
+ * (it sets SOCK_DEAD); skip the duplicate to avoid a
+ * double sock_put()/l2cap_chan_put().
+ */
+ if (!sock_flag(sk, SOCK_DEAD))
+ l2cap_sock_kill(sk);
l2cap_chan_unlock(chan);
+
l2cap_chan_put(chan);
+ sock_put(sk);
}
}
diff --git a/net/bluetooth/rfcomm/sock.c b/net/bluetooth/rfcomm/sock.c
index be6639cd6..bd7d959c6 100644
--- a/net/bluetooth/rfcomm/sock.c
+++ b/net/bluetooth/rfcomm/sock.c
@@ -180,6 +180,8 @@ static void rfcomm_sock_cleanup_listen(struct sock *parent)
while ((sk = bt_accept_dequeue(parent, NULL))) {
rfcomm_sock_close(sk);
rfcomm_sock_kill(sk);
+ /* Drop the reference handed back by bt_accept_dequeue(). */
+ sock_put(sk);
}
parent->sk_state = BT_CLOSED;
@@ -497,8 +499,13 @@ static int rfcomm_sock_accept(struct socket *sock, struct socket *newsock,
}
nsk = bt_accept_dequeue(sk, newsock);
- if (nsk)
+ if (nsk) {
+ /* Drop the bridging ref from bt_accept_dequeue();
+ * the grafted socket keeps nsk alive from here.
+ */
+ sock_put(nsk);
break;
+ }
if (!timeo) {
err = -EAGAIN;
diff --git a/net/bluetooth/sco.c b/net/bluetooth/sco.c
index 584e059de..72bcbf1da 100644
--- a/net/bluetooth/sco.c
+++ b/net/bluetooth/sco.c
@@ -487,6 +487,8 @@ static void sco_sock_cleanup_listen(struct sock *parent)
while ((sk = bt_accept_dequeue(parent, NULL))) {
sco_sock_close(sk);
sco_sock_kill(sk);
+ /* Drop the reference handed back by bt_accept_dequeue(). */
+ sock_put(sk);
}
parent->sk_state = BT_CLOSED;
@@ -743,8 +745,13 @@ static int sco_sock_accept(struct socket *sock, struct socket *newsock,
}
ch = bt_accept_dequeue(sk, newsock);
- if (ch)
+ if (ch) {
+ /* Drop the bridging ref from bt_accept_dequeue();
+ * the grafted socket keeps ch alive from here.
+ */
+ sock_put(ch);
break;
+ }
if (!timeo) {
err = -EAGAIN;
--
2.34.1