[PATCH v15 4/9] arm64: enable recover from synchronous external abort in kernel context
From: Ruidong Tian
Date: Thu Jun 18 2026 - 05:22:12 EST
For the arm64 kernel, when it processes hardware memory errors for
synchronize notifications(do_sea()), if the errors is consumed within the
kernel, the current processing is panic. However, it is not optimal.
Take copy_from/to_user for example, If ld* triggers a memory error, even in
kernel mode, only the associated process is affected. Killing the user
process and isolating the corrupt page is a better choice.
Add new fixup type EX_TYPE_KACCESS_SEA to identify insn that can recover
from memory errors triggered by access to kernel memory, and this fixup
type is used in __arch_copy_to_user(), This make the regular copy_to_user()
will handle kernel memory errors.
[Ruidong: modify subject and rename EX_TYPE_KACCESS_ERR_ZERO_MEM_ERR to
EX_TYPE_KACCESS_SEA]
Signed-off-by: Tong Tiangen <tongtiangen@xxxxxxxxxx>
Signed-off-by: Ruidong Tian <tianruidong@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
---
arch/arm64/include/asm/asm-extable.h | 5 +++++
arch/arm64/include/asm/asm-uaccess.h | 4 ++++
arch/arm64/include/asm/extable.h | 1 +
arch/arm64/lib/copy_to_user.S | 10 +++++-----
arch/arm64/mm/extable.c | 28 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
arch/arm64/mm/fault.c | 30 ++++++++++++++++++++--------
6 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)
diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/asm-extable.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/asm-extable.h
index 06b19023939b..8450ec5a3af6 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/asm-extable.h
+++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/asm-extable.h
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
#define EX_TYPE_ACCESS_ERR_ZERO 2
#define EX_TYPE_UACCESS_CPY 3
#define EX_TYPE_LOAD_UNALIGNED_ZEROPAD 4
+#define EX_TYPE_KACCESS_SEA 5
/* Data fields for EX_TYPE_ACCESS_ERR_ZERO */
#define EX_DATA_REG_ERR_SHIFT 0
@@ -76,6 +77,10 @@
__ASM_EXTABLE_RAW(\insn, \fixup, EX_TYPE_UACCESS_CPY, \uaccess_is_write)
.endm
+ .macro _asm_extable_kaccess_sea, insn, fixup
+ __ASM_EXTABLE_RAW(\insn, \fixup, EX_TYPE_KACCESS_SEA, 0)
+ .endm
+
#else /* __ASSEMBLER__ */
#include <linux/stringify.h>
diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/asm-uaccess.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/asm-uaccess.h
index 12aa6a283249..27bf8edbf597 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/asm-uaccess.h
+++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/asm-uaccess.h
@@ -57,6 +57,10 @@ alternative_else_nop_endif
.endm
#endif
+#define KERNEL_SEA(l, x...) \
+9999: x; \
+ _asm_extable_kaccess_sea 9999b, l
+
#define USER(l, x...) \
9999: x; \
_asm_extable_uaccess 9999b, l
diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/extable.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/extable.h
index 9dc39612bdf5..47c851d7df4f 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/extable.h
+++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/extable.h
@@ -48,4 +48,5 @@ bool ex_handler_bpf(const struct exception_table_entry *ex,
#endif /* !CONFIG_BPF_JIT */
bool fixup_exception(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long esr);
+bool fixup_exception_me(struct pt_regs *regs);
#endif
diff --git a/arch/arm64/lib/copy_to_user.S b/arch/arm64/lib/copy_to_user.S
index 819f2e3fc7a9..6103f5b0a2d0 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/lib/copy_to_user.S
+++ b/arch/arm64/lib/copy_to_user.S
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
* x0 - bytes not copied
*/
.macro ldrb1 reg, ptr, val
- ldrb \reg, [\ptr], \val
+ KERNEL_SEA(9998f, ldrb \reg, [\ptr], \val)
.endm
.macro strb1 reg, ptr, val
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
.endm
.macro ldrh1 reg, ptr, val
- ldrh \reg, [\ptr], \val
+ KERNEL_SEA(9998f, ldrh \reg, [\ptr], \val)
.endm
.macro strh1 reg, ptr, val
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
.endm
.macro ldr1 reg, ptr, val
- ldr \reg, [\ptr], \val
+ KERNEL_SEA(9998f, ldr \reg, [\ptr], \val)
.endm
.macro str1 reg, ptr, val
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
.endm
.macro ldp1 reg1, reg2, ptr, val
- ldp \reg1, \reg2, [\ptr], \val
+ KERNEL_SEA(9998f, ldp \reg1, \reg2, [\ptr], \val)
.endm
.macro stp1 reg1, reg2, ptr, val
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ SYM_FUNC_START(__arch_copy_to_user)
9997: cmp dst, dstin
b.ne 9998f
// Before being absolutely sure we couldn't copy anything, try harder
- ldrb tmp1w, [srcin]
+KERNEL_SEA(9998f, ldrb tmp1w, [srcin])
USER(9998f, sttrb tmp1w, [dst])
add dst, dst, #1
9998: sub x0, end, dst // bytes not copied
diff --git a/arch/arm64/mm/extable.c b/arch/arm64/mm/extable.c
index 76b18780f1f9..20a7a9eeed94 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/mm/extable.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/mm/extable.c
@@ -109,7 +109,35 @@ bool fixup_exception(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long esr)
return ex_handler_uaccess_cpy(ex, regs, esr);
case EX_TYPE_LOAD_UNALIGNED_ZEROPAD:
return ex_handler_load_unaligned_zeropad(ex, regs);
+ /*
+ * Kernel address faults (e.g. copy_to_user reading from kernel src).
+ * Do not fixup here: a translation fault on a kernel address is a
+ * kernel bug (e.g. NULL pointer dereference) and must oops.
+ * Only SEA (hardware memory error) should be fixed up, which is
+ * handled by fixup_exception_me() through the do_sea path.
+ */
+ case EX_TYPE_KACCESS_SEA:
+ return false;
}
BUG();
}
+
+bool fixup_exception_me(struct pt_regs *regs)
+{
+ const struct exception_table_entry *ex;
+
+ ex = search_exception_tables(instruction_pointer(regs));
+ if (!ex)
+ return false;
+
+ switch (ex->type) {
+ case EX_TYPE_ACCESS_ERR_ZERO:
+ return ex_handler_access_err_zero(ex, regs);
+ case EX_TYPE_KACCESS_SEA:
+ regs->pc = get_ex_fixup(ex);
+ return true;
+ }
+
+ return false;
+}
diff --git a/arch/arm64/mm/fault.c b/arch/arm64/mm/fault.c
index 0f3c5c7ca054..b775c0928a53 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/mm/fault.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/mm/fault.c
@@ -858,21 +858,35 @@ static int do_bad(unsigned long far, unsigned long esr, struct pt_regs *regs)
return 1; /* "fault" */
}
+/*
+ * APEI claimed this as a firmware-first notification.
+ * Some processing deferred to task_work before ret_to_user().
+ */
+static int do_apei_claim_sea(struct pt_regs *regs)
+{
+ int ret;
+
+ ret = apei_claim_sea(regs);
+ if (ret)
+ return ret;
+
+ if (!user_mode(regs)) {
+ if (!fixup_exception_me(regs))
+ return -ENOENT;
+ }
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
static int do_sea(unsigned long far, unsigned long esr, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
const struct fault_info *inf;
unsigned long siaddr;
- inf = esr_to_fault_info(esr);
-
- if (user_mode(regs) && apei_claim_sea(regs) == 0) {
- /*
- * APEI claimed this as a firmware-first notification.
- * Some processing deferred to task_work before ret_to_user().
- */
+ if (do_apei_claim_sea(regs) == 0)
return 0;
- }
+ inf = esr_to_fault_info(esr);
if (esr & ESR_ELx_FnV) {
siaddr = 0;
} else {
--
2.39.3