[PATCH bpf-next v7 08/11] selftests/bpf: Add tests to verify global percpu data
From: Leon Hwang
Date: Mon Jun 22 2026 - 10:43:43 EST
If the arch, like s390x, does not support percpu insn, these cases won't
test global percpu data by checking FEAT_PERCPU_DATA support.
The following APIs have been tested for global percpu data:
1. bpf_map__set_initial_value()
2. bpf_map__initial_value()
3. generated percpu struct pointer pointing to internal map's mmaped data
4. bpf_map__lookup_elem() for global percpu data map
At the same time, the case is also tested with 'bpftool gen skeleton -L'.
Add a test to verify that the live vars of subskel won't include the vars
for global percpu data.
Assisted-by: Codex:gpt-5.5-xhigh
Signed-off-by: Leon Hwang <leon.hwang@xxxxxxxxx>
---
tools/testing/selftests/bpf/Makefile | 2 +-
.../bpf/prog_tests/global_data_init.c | 184 ++++++++++++++++++
.../bpf/prog_tests/global_percpu_subskel.c | 37 ++++
.../bpf/progs/test_global_percpu_data.c | 31 +++
4 files changed, 253 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/global_percpu_subskel.c
create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_global_percpu_data.c
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/Makefile
index b642ee489ea6..c37ed9e7b97c 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/Makefile
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/Makefile
@@ -533,7 +533,7 @@ LSKELS_SIGNED := fentry_test.c fexit_test.c atomics.c
# Generate both light skeleton and libbpf skeleton for these
LSKELS_EXTRA := test_ksyms_module.c test_ksyms_weak.c kfunc_call_test.c \
- kfunc_call_test_subprog.c
+ kfunc_call_test_subprog.c test_global_percpu_data.c
SKEL_BLACKLIST += $$(LSKELS) $$(LSKELS_SIGNED)
test_static_linked.skel.h-deps := test_static_linked1.bpf.o test_static_linked2.bpf.o
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/global_data_init.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/global_data_init.c
index 8466332d7406..ea7e4e3d91cf 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/global_data_init.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/global_data_init.c
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
#include <test_progs.h>
+#include "bpf/libbpf_internal.h"
+#include "test_global_percpu_data.skel.h"
+#include "test_global_percpu_data.lskel.h"
void test_global_data_init(void)
{
@@ -60,3 +63,184 @@ void test_global_data_init(void)
free(newval);
bpf_object__close(obj);
}
+
+static void test_global_percpu_data_init(void)
+{
+ struct test_global_percpu_data__percpu init_value = {};
+ struct test_global_percpu_data__percpu *init_data;
+ int key, prog_fd, err, num_cpus, num_online, i;
+ struct test_global_percpu_data *skel = NULL;
+ __u64 args[2] = {0x1234ULL, 0x5678ULL};
+ size_t init_data_sz;
+ struct bpf_map *map;
+ bool *online;
+ LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_test_run_opts, topts,
+ .ctx_in = args,
+ .ctx_size_in = sizeof(args),
+ .flags = BPF_F_TEST_RUN_ON_CPU,
+ );
+
+ num_cpus = libbpf_num_possible_cpus();
+ if (!ASSERT_GT(num_cpus, 0, "libbpf_num_possible_cpus"))
+ return;
+
+ err = parse_cpu_mask_file("/sys/devices/system/cpu/online", &online, &num_online);
+ if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "parse_cpu_mask_file"))
+ return;
+
+ skel = test_global_percpu_data__open();
+ if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel, "test_global_percpu_data__open"))
+ goto out;
+ if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel->percpu, "skel->percpu"))
+ goto out;
+
+ ASSERT_EQ(skel->percpu->data, -1, "skel->percpu->data");
+ ASSERT_FALSE(skel->percpu->run, "skel->percpu->run");
+ ASSERT_EQ(skel->percpu->nums[6], 0, "skel->percpu->nums[6]");
+ ASSERT_EQ(skel->percpu->struct_data.i, -1, "struct_data.i");
+ ASSERT_FALSE(skel->percpu->struct_data.set, "struct_data.set");
+ ASSERT_EQ(skel->percpu->struct_data.nums[6], 0, "struct_data.nums[6]");
+
+ map = skel->maps.percpu;
+ if (!ASSERT_EQ(bpf_map__type(map), BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERCPU_ARRAY, "bpf_map__type"))
+ goto out;
+
+ init_value.data = 2;
+ init_value.nums[6] = -1;
+ init_value.struct_data.i = 2;
+ init_value.struct_data.nums[6] = -1;
+ err = bpf_map__set_initial_value(map, &init_value, sizeof(init_value));
+ if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "bpf_map__set_initial_value"))
+ goto out;
+
+ init_data = bpf_map__initial_value(map, &init_data_sz);
+ if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(init_data, "bpf_map__initial_value"))
+ goto out;
+
+ ASSERT_EQ(init_data->data, init_value.data, "init_value data");
+ ASSERT_EQ(init_data->run, init_value.run, "init_value run");
+ ASSERT_EQ(init_data->struct_data.i, init_value.struct_data.i, "init_value struct_data.i");
+ ASSERT_EQ(init_data->struct_data.nums[6], init_value.struct_data.nums[6],
+ "init_value struct_data.nums[6]");
+ ASSERT_EQ(init_data_sz, sizeof(init_value), "init_value size");
+ ASSERT_EQ((void *) init_data, (void *) skel->percpu, "skel->percpu eq init_data");
+ ASSERT_EQ(skel->percpu->data, init_value.data, "skel->percpu->data");
+ ASSERT_EQ(skel->percpu->run, init_value.run, "skel->percpu->run");
+ ASSERT_EQ(skel->percpu->struct_data.i, init_value.struct_data.i,
+ "skel->percpu->struct_data.i");
+ ASSERT_EQ(skel->percpu->struct_data.nums[6], init_value.struct_data.nums[6],
+ "skel->percpu->struct_data.nums[6]");
+
+ err = test_global_percpu_data__load(skel);
+ if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "test_global_percpu_data__load"))
+ goto out;
+
+ ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel->percpu, "skel->percpu");
+
+ key = 0;
+ prog_fd = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.update_percpu_data);
+
+ /* run on every CPU */
+ for (i = 0; i < num_online; i++) {
+ struct test_global_percpu_data__percpu data = {};
+ __u64 flags;
+
+ if (!online[i])
+ continue;
+
+ topts.cpu = i;
+ topts.retval = -1;
+ err = bpf_prog_test_run_opts(prog_fd, &topts);
+ ASSERT_OK(err, "bpf_prog_test_run_opts");
+ ASSERT_EQ(topts.retval, 0, "bpf_prog_test_run_opts retval");
+
+ flags = ((__u64) i << 32) | BPF_F_CPU;
+ err = bpf_map__lookup_elem(map, &key, sizeof(key), &data, sizeof(data), flags);
+ if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "bpf_map__lookup_elem"))
+ goto out;
+
+ ASSERT_EQ(data.data, 1, "data.data");
+ ASSERT_TRUE(data.run, "data.run");
+ ASSERT_EQ(data.nums[6], 0xc0de, "data.nums[6]");
+ ASSERT_EQ(data.struct_data.i, 1, "struct_data.i");
+ ASSERT_TRUE(data.struct_data.set, "struct_data.set");
+ ASSERT_EQ(data.struct_data.nums[6], 0xc0de, "struct_data.nums[6]");
+ }
+
+out:
+ test_global_percpu_data__destroy(skel);
+ free(online);
+}
+
+static void test_global_percpu_data_lskel(void)
+{
+ int key, prog_fd, map_fd, err, num_cpus, num_online, i;
+ struct test_global_percpu_data_lskel *lskel = NULL;
+ __u64 args[2] = {0x1234ULL, 0x5678ULL};
+ bool *online;
+ LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_test_run_opts, topts,
+ .ctx_in = args,
+ .ctx_size_in = sizeof(args),
+ .flags = BPF_F_TEST_RUN_ON_CPU,
+ );
+
+ num_cpus = libbpf_num_possible_cpus();
+ if (!ASSERT_GT(num_cpus, 0, "libbpf_num_possible_cpus"))
+ return;
+
+ err = parse_cpu_mask_file("/sys/devices/system/cpu/online", &online, &num_online);
+ if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "parse_cpu_mask_file"))
+ return;
+
+ lskel = test_global_percpu_data_lskel__open_and_load();
+ if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(lskel, "test_global_percpu_data_lskel__open_and_load"))
+ goto out;
+
+ key = 0;
+ map_fd = lskel->maps.percpu.map_fd;
+ prog_fd = lskel->progs.update_percpu_data.prog_fd;
+
+ /* run on every CPU */
+ for (i = 0; i < num_online; i++) {
+ struct test_global_percpu_data__percpu data = {};
+ __u64 flags;
+
+ if (!online[i])
+ continue;
+
+ topts.cpu = i;
+ topts.retval = -1;
+ err = bpf_prog_test_run_opts(prog_fd, &topts);
+ ASSERT_OK(err, "bpf_prog_test_run_opts");
+ ASSERT_EQ(topts.retval, 0, "bpf_prog_test_run_opts retval");
+
+ flags = ((__u64) i << 32) | BPF_F_CPU;
+ err = bpf_map_lookup_elem_flags(map_fd, &key, &data, flags);
+ if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "bpf_map_lookup_elem_flags"))
+ goto out;
+
+ ASSERT_EQ(data.data, 1, "data.data");
+ ASSERT_TRUE(data.run, "data.run");
+ ASSERT_EQ(data.nums[6], 0xc0de, "data.nums[6]");
+ ASSERT_EQ(data.struct_data.i, 1, "struct_data.i");
+ ASSERT_TRUE(data.struct_data.set, "struct_data.set");
+ ASSERT_EQ(data.struct_data.nums[6], 0xc0de, "struct_data.nums[6]");
+ }
+
+out:
+ test_global_percpu_data_lskel__destroy(lskel);
+ free(online);
+}
+
+void test_global_percpu_data(void)
+{
+ if (!feat_supported(NULL, FEAT_PERCPU_DATA)) {
+ test__skip();
+ return;
+ }
+
+ if (test__start_subtest("init"))
+ test_global_percpu_data_init();
+ if (test__start_subtest("lskel"))
+ test_global_percpu_data_lskel();
+}
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/global_percpu_subskel.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/global_percpu_subskel.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8aebd533d86b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/global_percpu_subskel.c
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+#include <test_progs.h>
+#include "test_global_percpu_data.subskel.h"
+
+void test_global_percpu_data_subskel(void)
+{
+ struct test_global_percpu_data *subskel = NULL;
+ struct bpf_object *obj;
+ int i;
+
+ obj = bpf_object__open_file("./test_global_percpu_data.bpf.o", NULL);
+ if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(obj, "bpf_object__open_file"))
+ return;
+
+ subskel = test_global_percpu_data__open(obj);
+ if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(subskel, "test_global_percpu_data__open"))
+ goto out;
+
+ if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(subskel->subskel, "subskel"))
+ goto out;
+ if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(subskel->maps.percpu, "maps.percpu"))
+ goto out;
+ ASSERT_EQ(bpf_map__type(subskel->maps.percpu), BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERCPU_ARRAY,
+ "percpu_map_type");
+ ASSERT_GT(subskel->subskel->var_cnt, 0, "var_cnt");
+
+ for (i = 0; i < subskel->subskel->var_cnt; i++) {
+ const struct bpf_var_skeleton *var;
+
+ var = (void *) subskel->subskel->vars + i * subskel->subskel->var_skel_sz;
+ ASSERT_NEQ(var->map, &subskel->maps.percpu, "var");
+ }
+
+out:
+ test_global_percpu_data__destroy(subskel);
+ bpf_object__close(obj);
+}
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_global_percpu_data.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_global_percpu_data.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ba92ffb0ca49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_global_percpu_data.c
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+#include <vmlinux.h>
+#include <bpf/bpf_helpers.h>
+#include "bpf_misc.h"
+
+int data SEC(".percpu") = -1;
+int nums[7] SEC(".percpu");
+char run SEC(".percpu") = 0;
+struct {
+ char set;
+ int i;
+ int nums[7];
+} struct_data SEC(".percpu") = {
+ .set = 0,
+ .i = -1,
+};
+
+SEC("raw_tp/task_rename")
+__auxiliary
+int update_percpu_data(void *ctx)
+{
+ struct_data.nums[6] = 0xc0de;
+ struct_data.set = 1;
+ struct_data.i = 1;
+ nums[6] = 0xc0de;
+ data = 1;
+ run = 1;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+char _license[] SEC("license") = "GPL";
--
2.54.0