[PATCH v3 1/3] KVM: arm64: skip pKVM cache flushes for non cacheable mappings

From: Bradley Morgan

Date: Wed Jun 24 2026 - 12:02:46 EST


pKVM keeps its own mapping list for stage 2 operations. Its flush path
uses that list directly, so it lost the PTE attribute check done by the
generic stage 2 walker.

Record whether a mapping is cacheable and skip cache maintenance for
mappings that are not cacheable.

Fixes: e912efed485a ("KVM: arm64: Introduce the EL1 pKVM MMU")
Signed-off-by: Bradley Morgan <include@xxxxxxxxx>
---
arch/arm64/kvm/pkvm.c | 51 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------
1 file changed, 41 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/pkvm.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/pkvm.c
index 428723b1b0f5..ca6e823028c2 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kvm/pkvm.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/pkvm.c
@@ -302,9 +302,32 @@ static u64 __pkvm_mapping_start(struct pkvm_mapping *m)
return m->gfn * PAGE_SIZE;
}

+#define PKVM_MAPPING_NR_PAGES_MASK GENMASK_ULL(47, 0)
+#define PKVM_MAPPING_CACHEABLE BIT_ULL(48)
+
+static u64 pkvm_mapping_nr_pages(struct pkvm_mapping *m)
+{
+ return m->nr_pages & PKVM_MAPPING_NR_PAGES_MASK;
+}
+
+static bool pkvm_mapping_is_cacheable(struct pkvm_mapping *m)
+{
+ return m->nr_pages & PKVM_MAPPING_CACHEABLE;
+}
+
+static void pkvm_mapping_set_nr_pages(struct pkvm_mapping *m, u64 nr_pages,
+ bool cacheable)
+{
+ WARN_ON_ONCE(nr_pages & ~PKVM_MAPPING_NR_PAGES_MASK);
+
+ m->nr_pages = nr_pages & PKVM_MAPPING_NR_PAGES_MASK;
+ if (cacheable)
+ m->nr_pages |= PKVM_MAPPING_CACHEABLE;
+}
+
static u64 __pkvm_mapping_end(struct pkvm_mapping *m)
{
- return (m->gfn + m->nr_pages) * PAGE_SIZE - 1;
+ return (m->gfn + pkvm_mapping_nr_pages(m)) * PAGE_SIZE - 1;
}

INTERVAL_TREE_DEFINE(struct pkvm_mapping, node, u64, __subtree_last,
@@ -350,7 +373,7 @@ static int __pkvm_pgtable_stage2_reclaim(struct kvm_pgtable *pgt, u64 start, u64
continue;

page = pfn_to_page(mapping->pfn);
- WARN_ON_ONCE(mapping->nr_pages != 1);
+ WARN_ON_ONCE(pkvm_mapping_nr_pages(mapping) != 1);
unpin_user_pages_dirty_lock(&page, 1, true);
account_locked_vm(kvm->mm, 1, false);
pkvm_mapping_remove(mapping, &pgt->pkvm_mappings);
@@ -369,7 +392,7 @@ static int __pkvm_pgtable_stage2_unshare(struct kvm_pgtable *pgt, u64 start, u64

for_each_mapping_in_range_safe(pgt, start, end, mapping) {
ret = kvm_call_hyp_nvhe(__pkvm_host_unshare_guest, handle, mapping->gfn,
- mapping->nr_pages);
+ pkvm_mapping_nr_pages(mapping));
if (WARN_ON(ret))
return ret;
pkvm_mapping_remove(mapping, &pgt->pkvm_mappings);
@@ -448,7 +471,7 @@ int pkvm_pgtable_stage2_map(struct kvm_pgtable *pgt, u64 addr, u64 size,
* permission faults are handled in the relax_perms() path.
*/
if (mapping) {
- if (size == (mapping->nr_pages * PAGE_SIZE))
+ if (size == (pkvm_mapping_nr_pages(mapping) * PAGE_SIZE))
return -EAGAIN;

/*
@@ -472,7 +495,9 @@ int pkvm_pgtable_stage2_map(struct kvm_pgtable *pgt, u64 addr, u64 size,
swap(mapping, cache->mapping);
mapping->gfn = gfn;
mapping->pfn = pfn;
- mapping->nr_pages = size / PAGE_SIZE;
+ pkvm_mapping_set_nr_pages(mapping, size / PAGE_SIZE,
+ !(prot & (KVM_PGTABLE_PROT_DEVICE |
+ KVM_PGTABLE_PROT_NORMAL_NC)));
pkvm_mapping_insert(mapping, &pgt->pkvm_mappings);

return ret;
@@ -503,7 +528,7 @@ int pkvm_pgtable_stage2_wrprotect(struct kvm_pgtable *pgt, u64 addr, u64 size)
lockdep_assert_held(&kvm->mmu_lock);
for_each_mapping_in_range_safe(pgt, addr, addr + size, mapping) {
ret = kvm_call_hyp_nvhe(__pkvm_host_wrprotect_guest, handle, mapping->gfn,
- mapping->nr_pages);
+ pkvm_mapping_nr_pages(mapping));
if (WARN_ON(ret))
break;
}
@@ -517,9 +542,13 @@ int pkvm_pgtable_stage2_flush(struct kvm_pgtable *pgt, u64 addr, u64 size)
struct pkvm_mapping *mapping;

lockdep_assert_held(&kvm->mmu_lock);
- for_each_mapping_in_range_safe(pgt, addr, addr + size, mapping)
+ for_each_mapping_in_range_safe(pgt, addr, addr + size, mapping) {
+ if (!pkvm_mapping_is_cacheable(mapping))
+ continue;
+
__clean_dcache_guest_page(pfn_to_kaddr(mapping->pfn),
- PAGE_SIZE * mapping->nr_pages);
+ PAGE_SIZE * pkvm_mapping_nr_pages(mapping));
+ }

return 0;
}
@@ -536,8 +565,10 @@ bool pkvm_pgtable_stage2_test_clear_young(struct kvm_pgtable *pgt, u64 addr, u64

lockdep_assert_held(&kvm->mmu_lock);
for_each_mapping_in_range_safe(pgt, addr, addr + size, mapping)
- young |= kvm_call_hyp_nvhe(__pkvm_host_test_clear_young_guest, handle, mapping->gfn,
- mapping->nr_pages, mkold);
+ young |= kvm_call_hyp_nvhe(__pkvm_host_test_clear_young_guest,
+ handle, mapping->gfn,
+ pkvm_mapping_nr_pages(mapping),
+ mkold);

return young;
}
--
2.53.0