[PATCH v2] platform/x86: hp-wmi: Add GPU MUX switch support

From: Kürşat Abaylı

Date: Mon Jun 29 2026 - 11:03:40 EST


Add support for querying and switching the graphics MUX mode on HP
systems via WMI. This introduces the 'gpu_mux_mode' sysfs attribute
under the hp-wmi platform device, allowing userspace tools to check
and safely switch between available graphics modes (e.g., UMA, Hybrid,
Discrete).

The hardware capabilities mask is primarily read using the modern
128-byte System Design Data query. However, to ensure backward
compatibility with older models, a fallback mechanism is implemented.
By mirroring the behavior of the Windows Omen Gaming Hub software, if
the modern query fails but the MUX WMI endpoint (0x52) responds
successfully to a read request, the driver defaults to a standard
Hybrid + Discrete support mask (0x06).

Signed-off-by: Kürşat Abaylı <hello@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
---
Changes in v2:
- Replaced hardcoded bitmask with GENMASK(6, 0).
- Added specific defines for MUX modes instead of using raw BIT() macros.
- Initialized arrays with {} instead of { 0 }.
- Fixed reverse xmas-tree ordering for local variable declarations.
- Removed empty lines between function calls and their return value checks.
- Split ternary operators into standard if-statements for better readability.
- Added missing <linux/array_size.h> include.
- Removed unnecessary cast in hp_wmi_set_mux_mode.
---
drivers/platform/x86/hp/hp-wmi.c | 138 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
1 file changed, 138 insertions(+)

diff --git a/drivers/platform/x86/hp/hp-wmi.c b/drivers/platform/x86/hp/hp-wmi.c
index 8ba286ed8721..d8e42cc9936b 100644
--- a/drivers/platform/x86/hp/hp-wmi.c
+++ b/drivers/platform/x86/hp/hp-wmi.c
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
#define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt

#include <linux/acpi.h>
+#include <linux/array_size.h>
+#include <linux/bits.h>
#include <linux/cleanup.h>
#include <linux/compiler_attributes.h>
#include <linux/dmi.h>
@@ -55,9 +57,16 @@ enum hp_ec_offsets {
HP_OMEN_EC_THERMAL_PROFILE_OFFSET = 0x95,
};

+#define HPWMI_MUX_MODE_UMA BIT(0)
+#define HPWMI_MUX_MODE_HYBRID BIT(1)
+#define HPWMI_MUX_MODE_DISCRETE BIT(2)
+#define HPWMI_MUX_MODE_OPTIMUS BIT(3)
+
#define HP_FAN_SPEED_AUTOMATIC 0x00
#define HP_POWER_LIMIT_DEFAULT 0x00
#define HP_POWER_LIMIT_NO_CHANGE 0xFF
+#define HPWMI_MUX_MODE_MASK GENMASK(6, 0)
+#define HPWMI_MUX_LEGACY_MASK (HPWMI_MUX_MODE_HYBRID | HPWMI_MUX_MODE_DISCRETE)

#define zero_if_sup(tmp) (zero_insize_support?0:sizeof(tmp)) // use when zero insize is required

@@ -332,6 +341,7 @@ enum hp_wmi_commandtype {
HPWMI_POSTCODEERROR_QUERY = 0x2a,
HPWMI_SYSTEM_DEVICE_MODE = 0x40,
HPWMI_THERMAL_PROFILE_QUERY = 0x4c,
+ HPWMI_GRAPHICS_MUX_QUERY = 0x52,
};

struct victus_power_limits {
@@ -1124,12 +1134,139 @@ static int camera_shutter_input_setup(void)
return err;
}

+static const u8 mux_bitmask_map[] = {
+ [0] = HPWMI_MUX_MODE_HYBRID,
+ [1] = HPWMI_MUX_MODE_DISCRETE,
+ [2] = HPWMI_MUX_MODE_OPTIMUS,
+ [3] = HPWMI_MUX_MODE_UMA,
+};
+
+static int hp_wmi_get_mux_supported_modes(u8 *supported)
+{
+ u8 legacy_buffer[4] = {};
+ u8 buffer[128] = {};
+ u32 req_packet = 0;
+ int ret;
+
+ if (!supported)
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ /* Try modern BIOS design data query (128-byte buffer) */
+ ret = hp_wmi_perform_query(HPWMI_GET_SYSTEM_DESIGN_DATA, HPWMI_GM,
+ buffer, zero_if_sup(req_packet), sizeof(buffer));
+ if (ret == 0) {
+ *supported = buffer[7];
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * (Fallback): Legacy BIOS behavior based on Omen Gaming Hub.
+ * If the modern query is not supported, check if the MUX query endpoint
+ * responds to a read request. If it succeeds, the hardware has MUX
+ * capability but lacks the mode map, defaulting to Hybrid + Discrete.
+ */
+ ret = hp_wmi_perform_query(HPWMI_GRAPHICS_MUX_QUERY, HPWMI_READ,
+ legacy_buffer, sizeof(legacy_buffer), 0);
+ if (ret == 0) {
+ *supported = HPWMI_MUX_LEGACY_MASK;
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ if (ret < 0)
+ return ret;
+ return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+static int hp_wmi_get_mux_mode(u8 *mode)
+{
+ u8 buffer[4] = {};
+ int ret;
+
+ if (!mode)
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ ret = hp_wmi_perform_query(HPWMI_GRAPHICS_MUX_QUERY, HPWMI_READ,
+ buffer, sizeof(buffer), sizeof(buffer));
+
+ if (ret < 0)
+ return ret;
+ if (ret > 0)
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ /* Mask the highest bit, which might be used as a BIOS status flag */
+ *mode = buffer[0] & HPWMI_MUX_MODE_MASK;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int hp_wmi_set_mux_mode(u8 mode)
+{
+ u8 buffer[4] = { mode, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 };
+ int ret;
+
+ ret = hp_wmi_perform_query(HPWMI_GRAPHICS_MUX_QUERY, HPWMI_WRITE,
+ buffer, sizeof(buffer), sizeof(buffer));
+
+ if (ret < 0)
+ return ret;
+ if (ret > 0)
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static ssize_t gpu_mux_mode_show(struct device *dev,
+ struct device_attribute *attr,
+ char *buf)
+{
+ u8 mode;
+ int ret;
+
+ ret = hp_wmi_get_mux_mode(&mode);
+ if (ret)
+ return ret;
+
+ return sysfs_emit(buf, "%u\n", mode);
+}
+
+static ssize_t gpu_mux_mode_store(struct device *dev,
+ struct device_attribute *attr,
+ const char *buf,
+ size_t count)
+{
+ u32 requested;
+ u8 supported;
+ int ret;
+
+ ret = kstrtou32(buf, 0, &requested);
+ if (ret)
+ return ret;
+
+ if (requested >= ARRAY_SIZE(mux_bitmask_map))
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ ret = hp_wmi_get_mux_supported_modes(&supported);
+ if (ret)
+ return ret;
+
+ /* Verify if the requested mode is allowed by the hardware mask */
+ if (!(supported & mux_bitmask_map[requested]))
+ return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+
+ ret = hp_wmi_set_mux_mode(requested);
+ if (ret)
+ return ret;
+
+ return count;
+}
+
static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(display);
static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(hddtemp);
static DEVICE_ATTR_RW(als);
static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(dock);
static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(tablet);
static DEVICE_ATTR_RW(postcode);
+static DEVICE_ATTR_RW(gpu_mux_mode);

static struct attribute *hp_wmi_attrs[] = {
&dev_attr_display.attr,
@@ -1138,6 +1275,7 @@ static struct attribute *hp_wmi_attrs[] = {
&dev_attr_dock.attr,
&dev_attr_tablet.attr,
&dev_attr_postcode.attr,
+ &dev_attr_gpu_mux_mode.attr,
NULL,
};
ATTRIBUTE_GROUPS(hp_wmi);
--
2.54.0