[PATCH v4 9/9] s390/vfio_ccw: implement a crw lock

From: Eric Farman

Date: Sat Jul 25 2026 - 11:29:55 EST


Unlike the channel_program struct, which covers synchronous I/O
submissions and asynchronous interrupts, the CRW region relies
exclusively on asynchronous events coming from hardware.

Implement a lock to manage the list of those payloads, to ensure
they are read cohesively.

Fixes: 3f02cb2fd9d2 ("vfio-ccw: Wire up the CRW irq and CRW region")
Cc: stable@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Cc: Farhan Ali <alifm@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Signed-off-by: Eric Farman <farman@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
---
drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_chp.c | 25 +++++++++++++++----------
drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_drv.c | 4 ++++
drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c | 3 +++
drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_private.h | 4 ++++
4 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_chp.c b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_chp.c
index f3015132d4b5..313c541e83eb 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_chp.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_chp.c
@@ -98,12 +98,6 @@ static ssize_t vfio_ccw_crw_region_read(struct vfio_ccw_private *private,
if (pos + count > sizeof(*region))
return -EINVAL;

- crw = list_first_entry_or_null(&private->crw,
- struct vfio_ccw_crw, next);
-
- if (crw)
- list_del(&crw->next);
-
mutex_lock(&private->io_mutex);
if (i >= private->num_regions) {
ret = -EINVAL;
@@ -113,6 +107,16 @@ static ssize_t vfio_ccw_crw_region_read(struct vfio_ccw_private *private,
i = array_index_nospec(i, private->num_regions);
region = private->region[i].data;

+ spin_lock(&private->crw_lock);
+ crw = list_first_entry_or_null(&private->crw,
+ struct vfio_ccw_crw, next);
+
+ if (crw)
+ list_del(&crw->next);
+
+ /* Drop CRW lock while copying to userspace */
+ spin_unlock(&private->crw_lock);
+
if (crw)
memcpy(&region->crw, &crw->crw, sizeof(region->crw));

@@ -122,15 +126,16 @@ static ssize_t vfio_ccw_crw_region_read(struct vfio_ccw_private *private,
ret = count;

region->crw = 0;
-
-out:
- mutex_unlock(&private->io_mutex);
-
kfree(crw);

/* Notify the guest if more CRWs are on our queue */
+ spin_lock(&private->crw_lock);
if (!list_empty(&private->crw) && private->crw_trigger)
eventfd_signal(private->crw_trigger);
+ spin_unlock(&private->crw_lock);
+
+out:
+ mutex_unlock(&private->io_mutex);

return ret;
}
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_drv.c b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_drv.c
index 4830f0dd9c3a..32f631d08620 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_drv.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_drv.c
@@ -125,8 +125,10 @@ void vfio_ccw_crw_todo(struct work_struct *work)

private = container_of(work, struct vfio_ccw_private, crw_work);

+ spin_lock(&private->crw_lock);
if (!list_empty(&private->crw) && private->crw_trigger)
eventfd_signal(private->crw_trigger);
+ spin_unlock(&private->crw_lock);
}

void vfio_ccw_notoper_todo(struct work_struct *work)
@@ -307,7 +309,9 @@ static void vfio_ccw_queue_crw(struct vfio_ccw_private *private,
crw->crw.erc = erc;
crw->crw.rsid = rsid;

+ spin_lock(&private->crw_lock);
list_add_tail(&crw->next, &private->crw);
+ spin_unlock(&private->crw_lock);
queue_work(vfio_ccw_work_q, &private->crw_work);
}

diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c
index 9242a37677a0..6735b5f4c07a 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_ops.c
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ static int vfio_ccw_mdev_init_dev(struct vfio_device *vdev)
INIT_WORK(&private->io_work, vfio_ccw_sch_io_todo);
INIT_WORK(&private->crw_work, vfio_ccw_crw_todo);
INIT_WORK(&private->notoper_work, vfio_ccw_notoper_todo);
+ spin_lock_init(&private->crw_lock);

private->cp.guest_cp = kzalloc_objs(struct ccw1, CCWCHAIN_LEN_MAX);
if (!private->cp.guest_cp)
@@ -139,10 +140,12 @@ static void vfio_ccw_mdev_release_dev(struct vfio_device *vdev)
container_of(vdev, struct vfio_ccw_private, vdev);
struct vfio_ccw_crw *crw, *temp;

+ spin_lock(&private->crw_lock);
list_for_each_entry_safe(crw, temp, &private->crw, next) {
list_del(&crw->next);
kfree(crw);
}
+ spin_unlock(&private->crw_lock);

kmem_cache_free(vfio_ccw_crw_region, private->crw_region);
kmem_cache_free(vfio_ccw_schib_region, private->schib_region);
diff --git a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_private.h b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_private.h
index b595fd81f370..ffa8be7547fe 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_private.h
+++ b/drivers/s390/cio/vfio_ccw_private.h
@@ -98,6 +98,8 @@ struct vfio_ccw_parent {
* @cp: channel program for the current I/O operation
* @irb: irb info received from interrupt
* @scsw: scsw info
+ * @crw_lock: serialization of CRW information
+ * @crw: list of Channel Report Word elements
* @io_trigger: eventfd ctx for signaling userspace I/O results
* @crw_trigger: eventfd ctx for signaling userspace CRW information
* @req_trigger: eventfd ctx for signaling userspace to return device
@@ -122,6 +124,8 @@ struct vfio_ccw_private {

struct irb irb;
union scsw scsw;
+
+ spinlock_t crw_lock;
struct list_head crw;

struct eventfd_ctx *io_trigger;
--
2.53.0