[PATCH V2 1/8] i3c: master: Fix recursive locking during device registration
From: Adrian Hunter
Date: Tue Jul 28 2026 - 12:23:53 EST
i3c_master_register_new_i3c_devs() registers newly discovered devices
while holding i3c_bus_normaluse_lock(), a down_read(). device_register()
can immediately probe the device, and probe callbacks typically invoke
I3C helpers that take i3c_bus_normaluse_lock() again, leading to a
recursive acquisition of the same rwsem. rwsems do not support recursive
read locking and can deadlock when a writer is waiting. See the
"Recursive read locks" section of Documentation/locking/lockdep-design.rst.
For example, with Intel LPSS I3C, LOCKDEP generates a WARNING like:
# echo intel-lpss-i3c.0 > /sys/bus/platform/drivers/mipi-i3c-hci/unbind
# echo intel-lpss-i3c.0 > /sys/bus/platform/drivers/mipi-i3c-hci/bind
WARNING: possible recursive locking detected
kworker/5:1/94 is trying to acquire lock:
ffff88811c810d78 (&i3cbus->lock){++++}-{4:4}, at: i3c_device_match_id+0x45/0x370
but task is already holding lock:
ffff88811c810d78 (&i3cbus->lock){++++}-{4:4}, at: i3c_master_reg_work_fn+0x21/0x5f0
Fix this by separating device creation from device registration.
Populate desc->dev under the maintenance lock, collect the devices that
still need registration into a local list, then release the lock before
calling device_register(). Finally retake the lock and clean up any
devices that failed to register.
Use the maintenance lock rather than the normal-use lock while adding
device objects. A write-side maintenance lock prevents readers from
observing a partially initialized desc->dev during initial device
population, or desc->dev disappearing if registration fails.
The local list requires a list node, so add a list node member to struct
i3c_device.
Fixes: 3a379bbcea0a ("i3c: Add core I3C infrastructure")
Signed-off-by: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@xxxxxxxxx>
---
Changes in V2:
New patch
drivers/i3c/master.c | 45 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------
include/linux/i3c/master.h | 2 ++
2 files changed, 35 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)
diff --git a/drivers/i3c/master.c b/drivers/i3c/master.c
index fd3e79d10c84..874f6e11b296 100644
--- a/drivers/i3c/master.c
+++ b/drivers/i3c/master.c
@@ -1973,12 +1973,21 @@ static int i3c_master_early_i3c_dev_add(struct i3c_master_controller *master,
static void
i3c_master_register_new_i3c_devs(struct i3c_master_controller *master)
{
+ struct i3c_device *i3cdev, *tmp;
struct i3c_dev_desc *desc;
+ LIST_HEAD(i3c_unreg_devs);
int ret;
if (!master->init_done)
return;
+ i3c_bus_maintenance_lock(&master->bus);
+
+ if (master->shutting_down) {
+ i3c_bus_maintenance_unlock(&master->bus);
+ return;
+ }
+
i3c_bus_for_each_i3cdev(&master->bus, desc) {
if (desc->dev || !desc->info.dyn_addr || desc == master->this)
continue;
@@ -1999,25 +2008,37 @@ i3c_master_register_new_i3c_devs(struct i3c_master_controller *master)
if (desc->boardinfo)
desc->dev->dev.of_node = desc->boardinfo->of_node;
- ret = device_register(&desc->dev->dev);
- if (ret) {
- dev_err(&master->dev,
- "Failed to add I3C device (err = %d)\n", ret);
- desc->dev->desc = NULL;
- put_device(&desc->dev->dev);
- desc->dev = NULL;
- }
+ list_add_tail(&desc->dev->node, &i3c_unreg_devs);
+ }
+
+ i3c_bus_maintenance_unlock(&master->bus);
+
+ list_for_each_entry_safe(i3cdev, tmp, &i3c_unreg_devs, node) {
+ ret = device_register(&i3cdev->dev);
+ if (ret)
+ dev_err(&master->dev, "Failed to add I3C device (err = %d)\n", ret);
+ else
+ list_del_init(&i3cdev->node);
+ }
+
+ i3c_bus_maintenance_lock(&master->bus);
+
+ list_for_each_entry_safe(i3cdev, tmp, &i3c_unreg_devs, node) {
+ list_del(&i3cdev->node);
+ desc = i3cdev->desc;
+ i3cdev->desc = NULL;
+ put_device(&i3cdev->dev);
+ desc->dev = NULL;
}
+
+ i3c_bus_maintenance_unlock(&master->bus);
}
static void i3c_master_reg_work_fn(struct work_struct *work)
{
struct i3c_master_controller *master = container_of(work, typeof(*master), reg_work);
- i3c_bus_normaluse_lock(&master->bus);
- if (!master->shutting_down)
- i3c_master_register_new_i3c_devs(master);
- i3c_bus_normaluse_unlock(&master->bus);
+ i3c_master_register_new_i3c_devs(master);
}
/**
diff --git a/include/linux/i3c/master.h b/include/linux/i3c/master.h
index 4d2a68793324..fa1c98f0f5c1 100644
--- a/include/linux/i3c/master.h
+++ b/include/linux/i3c/master.h
@@ -228,6 +228,7 @@ struct i3c_dev_desc {
* every time the I3C device is rediscovered with a different dynamic
* address assigned
* @bus: I3C bus this device is attached to
+ * @node: unregistered device list node
*
* I3C device object exposed to I3C device drivers. The takes care of linking
* this object to the relevant &struct_i3c_dev_desc one.
@@ -238,6 +239,7 @@ struct i3c_device {
struct device dev;
struct i3c_dev_desc *desc;
struct i3c_bus *bus;
+ struct list_head node;
};
/*
--
2.53.0