[PATCH 10/17] arm64/mm: Standardize printing for pgtable entries

From: Anshuman Khandual

Date: Wed Jul 29 2026 - 08:50:41 EST


Standardize printing for pgtable entries using recently introduced generic
helper ptval_bytes_to_hex_str() in core MM which automatically enables 128
bits entries later when required. While here also drop unused pte_ERROR().

First move all required helpers in core MM into a common header file which
could then be used in platforms.

Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@xxxxxxx>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: linux-arm-kernel@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Cc: linux-kernel@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Cc: linux-mm@xxxxxxxxx
Signed-off-by: Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@xxxxxxx>
---
arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable.h | 40 ++++++++++++++------------------
arch/arm64/mm/fault.c | 21 +++++++++++++----
arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c | 16 +++++++++++++
include/linux/mm_types.h | 40 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
mm/memory.c | 40 --------------------------------
5 files changed, 90 insertions(+), 67 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable.h
index 39635f9550c2..2270a3e4cc13 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable.h
+++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable.h
@@ -157,9 +157,6 @@ static inline void pgprot_write(pgprot_t *prot, pgprot_t val)
__flush_tlb_range(vma, address, address + PMD_SIZE, PMD_SIZE, 2, \
TLBF_NOBROADCAST | TLBF_NONOTIFY | TLBF_NOWALKCACHE)

-#define pte_ERROR(e) \
- pr_err("%s:%d: bad pte %016llx.\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, pte_val(e))
-
#ifdef CONFIG_ARM64_PA_BITS_52
static inline phys_addr_t __pte_to_phys(pte_t pte)
{
@@ -455,6 +452,8 @@ bool pgattr_change_is_safe(pteval_t old, pteval_t new);
static inline void __check_safe_pte_update(struct mm_struct *mm, pte_t *ptep,
pte_t pte)
{
+ char pte_str_old[PTVAL_STR_MAX];
+ char pte_str[PTVAL_STR_MAX];
pte_t old_pte;

if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DEBUG_VM))
@@ -472,15 +471,17 @@ static inline void __check_safe_pte_update(struct mm_struct *mm, pte_t *ptep,
* (__ptep_set_access_flags safely changes valid ptes without going
* through an invalid entry).
*/
+ ptval_to_str(pte_str, pte_val(pte));
+ ptval_to_str(pte_str_old, pte_val(old_pte));
VM_WARN_ONCE(!pte_young(pte),
- "%s: racy access flag clearing: 0x%016llx -> 0x%016llx",
- __func__, pte_val(old_pte), pte_val(pte));
+ "%s: racy access flag clearing: %s -> %s",
+ __func__, pte_str_old, pte_str);
VM_WARN_ONCE(pte_write(old_pte) && !pte_dirty(pte),
- "%s: racy dirty state clearing: 0x%016llx -> 0x%016llx",
- __func__, pte_val(old_pte), pte_val(pte));
+ "%s: racy dirty state clearing: %s -> %s",
+ __func__, pte_str_old, pte_str);
VM_WARN_ONCE(!pgattr_change_is_safe(pte_val(old_pte), pte_val(pte)),
- "%s: unsafe attribute change: 0x%016llx -> 0x%016llx",
- __func__, pte_val(old_pte), pte_val(pte));
+ "%s: unsafe attribute change: %s -> %s",
+ __func__, pte_str_old, pte_str);
}

static inline void __sync_cache_and_tags(pte_t pte, unsigned int nr_pages)
@@ -901,6 +902,10 @@ static inline unsigned long pmd_page_vaddr(pmd_t pmd)
return (unsigned long)__va(pmd_page_paddr(pmd));
}

+enum pgtable_level;
+
+void ptval_ERROR(const char *file, int line, enum pgtable_level level, ptval_t val);
+
/* Find an entry in the third-level page table. */
#define pte_offset_phys(dir, addr) (pmd_page_paddr(pmdp_get(dir)) + \
pte_index(addr) * sizeof(pte_t))
@@ -915,10 +920,7 @@ static inline unsigned long pmd_page_vaddr(pmd_t pmd)
#define pte_offset_kimg(dir,addr) ((pte_t *)__phys_to_kimg(pte_offset_phys((dir), (addr))))

#if CONFIG_PGTABLE_LEVELS > 2
-
-#define pmd_ERROR(e) \
- pr_err("%s:%d: bad pmd %016llx.\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, pmd_val(e))
-
+#define pmd_ERROR(e) ptval_ERROR(__FILE__, __LINE__, PGTABLE_LEVEL_PMD, pmd_val(e))
#define pud_none(pud) (!pud_val(pud))
#define pud_bad(pud) ((pud_val(pud) & PUD_TYPE_MASK) != \
PUD_TYPE_TABLE)
@@ -1011,9 +1013,7 @@ static inline bool mm_pud_folded(const struct mm_struct *mm)
}
#define mm_pud_folded mm_pud_folded

-#define pud_ERROR(e) \
- pr_err("%s:%d: bad pud %016llx.\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, pud_val(e))
-
+#define pud_ERROR(e) ptval_ERROR(__FILE__, __LINE__, PGTABLE_LEVEL_PUD, pud_val(e))
#define p4d_none(p4d) (pgtable_l4_enabled() && !p4d_val(p4d))
#define p4d_bad(p4d) (pgtable_l4_enabled() && \
((p4d_val(p4d) & P4D_TYPE_MASK) != \
@@ -1139,9 +1139,7 @@ static inline bool mm_p4d_folded(const struct mm_struct *mm)
}
#define mm_p4d_folded mm_p4d_folded

-#define p4d_ERROR(e) \
- pr_err("%s:%d: bad p4d %016llx.\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, p4d_val(e))
-
+#define p4d_ERROR(e) ptval_ERROR(__FILE__, __LINE__, PGTABLE_LEVEL_P4D, p4d_val(e))
#define pgd_none(pgd) (pgtable_l5_enabled() && !pgd_val(pgd))
#define pgd_bad(pgd) (pgtable_l5_enabled() && \
((pgd_val(pgd) & PGD_TYPE_MASK) != \
@@ -1268,9 +1266,7 @@ p4d_t *p4d_offset_lockless_folded(pgd_t *pgdp, pgd_t pgd, unsigned long addr)

#endif /* CONFIG_PGTABLE_LEVELS > 4 */

-#define pgd_ERROR(e) \
- pr_err("%s:%d: bad pgd %016llx.\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, pgd_val(e))
-
+#define pgd_ERROR(e) ptval_ERROR(__FILE__, __LINE__, PGTABLE_LEVEL_PGD, pgd_val(e))
#define pgd_set_fixmap(addr) ((pgd_t *)set_fixmap_offset(FIX_PGD, addr))
#define pgd_clear_fixmap() clear_fixmap(FIX_PGD)

diff --git a/arch/arm64/mm/fault.c b/arch/arm64/mm/fault.c
index 7aff70c5479e..a38f4f1eacc4 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/mm/fault.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/mm/fault.c
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
#include <linux/kfence.h>
#include <linux/signal.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
+#include <linux/memory.h>
#include <linux/hardirq.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/kasan.h>
@@ -130,6 +131,11 @@ static inline unsigned long mm_to_pgd_phys(struct mm_struct *mm)
*/
static void show_pte(unsigned long addr)
{
+ char pgd_str[PTVAL_STR_MAX];
+ char p4d_str[PTVAL_STR_MAX];
+ char pud_str[PTVAL_STR_MAX];
+ char pmd_str[PTVAL_STR_MAX];
+ char pte_str[PTVAL_STR_MAX];
struct mm_struct *mm;
pgd_t *pgdp;
pgd_t pgd;
@@ -156,7 +162,8 @@ static void show_pte(unsigned long addr)
vabits_actual, mm_to_pgd_phys(mm));
pgdp = pgd_offset(mm, addr);
pgd = pgdp_get(pgdp);
- pr_alert("[%016lx] pgd=%016llx", addr, pgd_val(pgd));
+ ptval_to_str(pgd_str, pgd_val(pgd));
+ pr_alert("[%016lx] pgd=%s", addr, pgd_str);

do {
p4d_t *p4dp, p4d;
@@ -169,19 +176,22 @@ static void show_pte(unsigned long addr)

p4dp = p4d_offset(pgdp, addr);
p4d = p4dp_get(p4dp);
- pr_cont(", p4d=%016llx", p4d_val(p4d));
+ ptval_to_str(p4d_str, p4d_val(p4d));
+ pr_cont(", p4d=%s", p4d_str);
if (p4d_none(p4d) || p4d_bad(p4d))
break;

pudp = pud_offset(p4dp, addr);
pud = pudp_get(pudp);
- pr_cont(", pud=%016llx", pud_val(pud));
+ ptval_to_str(pud_str, pud_val(pud));
+ pr_cont(", pud=%s", pud_str);
if (pud_none(pud) || pud_bad(pud))
break;

pmdp = pmd_offset(pudp, addr);
pmd = pmdp_get(pmdp);
- pr_cont(", pmd=%016llx", pmd_val(pmd));
+ ptval_to_str(pmd_str, pmd_val(pmd));
+ pr_cont(", pmd=%s", pmd_str);
if (pmd_none(pmd) || pmd_bad(pmd))
break;

@@ -190,7 +200,8 @@ static void show_pte(unsigned long addr)
break;

pte = __ptep_get(ptep);
- pr_cont(", pte=%016llx", pte_val(pte));
+ ptval_to_str(pte_str, pte_val(pte));
+ pr_cont(", pte=%s", pte_str);
pte_unmap(ptep);
} while(0);

diff --git a/arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c b/arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c
index 1127917c554b..fd2db5f2e6a5 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c
@@ -2337,6 +2337,22 @@ void __cpu_replace_ttbr1(pgd_t *pgdp, bool cnp)
cpu_uninstall_idmap();
}

+static const char * const pgtable_level_name[] = {
+ [PGTABLE_LEVEL_PTE] = "pte",
+ [PGTABLE_LEVEL_PMD] = "pmd",
+ [PGTABLE_LEVEL_PUD] = "pud",
+ [PGTABLE_LEVEL_P4D] = "p4d",
+ [PGTABLE_LEVEL_PGD] = "pgd",
+};
+
+void ptval_ERROR(const char *file, int line, enum pgtable_level level, ptval_t val)
+{
+ char str[PTVAL_STR_MAX];
+
+ ptval_to_str(str, val);
+ pr_err("%s:%d: bad %s %s.\n", file, line, pgtable_level_name[level], str);
+}
+
#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_PKEYS
int arch_set_user_pkey_access(int pkey, unsigned long init_val)
{
diff --git a/include/linux/mm_types.h b/include/linux/mm_types.h
index b18c2b2e7d2c..1025b9140c0b 100644
--- a/include/linux/mm_types.h
+++ b/include/linux/mm_types.h
@@ -2001,4 +2001,44 @@ static inline unsigned long mmf_init_legacy_flags(unsigned long flags)
return flags & MMF_INIT_LEGACY_MASK;
}

+static inline void ptval_bytes_to_hex_str(char *buf, size_t buf_size, const void *entry, size_t entry_size)
+{
+ if (WARN_ON_ONCE(buf_size < entry_size * 2 + 1)) {
+ snprintf(buf, buf_size, "overflow");
+ return;
+ }
+
+ switch (entry_size) {
+ case sizeof(u32):
+ snprintf(buf, buf_size, "%08x", *(const u32 *)entry);
+ break;
+ case sizeof(u64):
+ snprintf(buf, buf_size, "%016llx", *(const u64 *)entry);
+ break;
+#if defined(__SIZEOF_INT128__)
+ case sizeof(u128):
+ snprintf(buf, buf_size, "%016llx%016llx",
+ (unsigned long long)(*(const u128 *)entry >> 64),
+ (unsigned long long)*(const u128 *)entry);
+ break;
+#endif
+ default:
+ snprintf(buf, buf_size, "unsupported");
+ break;
+ }
+}
+
+#define ptval_to_str(buf, val) \
+ do { \
+ auto __val = (val); \
+ \
+ ptval_bytes_to_hex_str((buf), sizeof(buf), &__val, sizeof(__val)); \
+ } while (0)
+
+#if defined(__SIZEOF_INT128__)
+#define PTVAL_STR_MAX (32 + 1) /* Max 128-bit value in hex + NUL */
+#else
+#define PTVAL_STR_MAX (16 + 1) /* Max 64-bit value in hex + NUL */
+#endif
+
#endif /* _LINUX_MM_TYPES_H */
diff --git a/mm/memory.c b/mm/memory.c
index 598d0e588e9a..253db4143f9c 100644
--- a/mm/memory.c
+++ b/mm/memory.c
@@ -519,46 +519,6 @@ static bool is_bad_page_map_ratelimited(void)
return false;
}

-static void ptval_bytes_to_hex_str(char *buf, size_t buf_size, const void *entry, size_t entry_size)
-{
- if (WARN_ON_ONCE(buf_size < entry_size * 2 + 1)) {
- snprintf(buf, buf_size, "overflow");
- return;
- }
-
- switch (entry_size) {
- case sizeof(u32):
- snprintf(buf, buf_size, "%08x", *(const u32 *)entry);
- break;
- case sizeof(u64):
- snprintf(buf, buf_size, "%016llx", *(const u64 *)entry);
- break;
-#if defined(__SIZEOF_INT128__)
- case sizeof(u128):
- snprintf(buf, buf_size, "%016llx%016llx",
- (unsigned long long)(*(const u128 *)entry >> 64),
- (unsigned long long)*(const u128 *)entry);
- break;
-#endif
- default:
- snprintf(buf, buf_size, "unsupported");
- break;
- }
-}
-
-#define ptval_to_str(buf, val) \
- do { \
- auto __val = (val); \
- \
- ptval_bytes_to_hex_str((buf), sizeof(buf), &__val, sizeof(__val)); \
- } while (0)
-
-#if defined(__SIZEOF_INT128__)
-#define PTVAL_STR_MAX (32 + 1) /* Max 128-bit value in hex + NUL */
-#else
-#define PTVAL_STR_MAX (16 + 1) /* Max 64-bit value in hex + NUL */
-#endif
-
static void __print_bad_page_map_pgtable(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr)
{
char pgd_str[PTVAL_STR_MAX];
--
2.43.0