Re: [PATCH] xfs: revalidate cached COW fork mappings during writeback

[Dave Chinner]

On Thu, Aug 20, 2026 at 09:11:23AM -0700, Darrick J. Wong wrote:
> On Thu, Aug 20, 2026 at 12:21:38AM +0000, Anthony Vardaro (Anthropic) wrote:
> > Writeback can write a folio through a cached COW fork mapping after the
> > blocks behind it have been freed. Since commit d9252d526ba6 ("xfs:
> > validate writeback mapping using data fork seq counter") a cached data
> > fork mapping is dropped when the fork changes, but a COW fork mapping is
> > accepted on range alone, and since commit 3b3508980730 ("xfs: remove
> > superfluous writeback mapping eof trimming") nothing trims it to EOF. So
> > when close() or truncate frees the post-EOF COW blocks and the file is
> > then appended, the same writeback pass writes the new folio into blocks
> > the inode no longer owns. fsync() returns 0 and the range reads back as
> > zeroes, or the data lands in another file.

Have you reproduced this and tested that it the change actually
fixes the supposed bug?

> > Check cow_seq against the COW fork if_seq for COW mappings as well, and
> > only sample cow_seq where the mapping is built so a failed conversion
> > cannot pair a stale mapping with a fresh sequence number.
> > 
> > This costs one extent lookup and one cancelled transaction per
> > invalidation: about 5% more fsync time on random 4k overwrites of a
> > reflinked file, nothing measurable on sequential writeback.
> > 
> > Fixes: d9252d526ba6 ("xfs: validate writeback mapping using data fork seq counter")
> > Cc: stable@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx # v5.1
> > Assisted-by: Claude:unspecified
> > Signed-off-by: Anthony Vardaro (Anthropic) <me@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
> > ---
> > An fstests case for this, using the wb_delay_ms error injection knob,
> > follows separately.
> > 
> > Backport note: kernels before v6.2 do not have
> > trace_xfs_wb_cow_iomap_invalid() (added by commit c2beff99eb03), so
> > drop that call there. Kernels before v5.5 test wpc->fork ==
> > XFS_COW_FORK instead of IOMAP_F_SHARED and have no XFS_WPC().
> > ---
> >  fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c | 29 ++++++++++++++++++-----------
> >  1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)
> > 
> > diff --git a/fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c b/fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c
> > index 2a0c54256..c043e5bad 100644
> > --- a/fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c
> > +++ b/fs/xfs/xfs_aops.c
> > @@ -304,12 +304,22 @@ xfs_imap_valid(
> >  	    offset >= wpc->iomap.offset + wpc->iomap.length)
> >  		return false;
> >  	/*
> > -	 * If this is a COW mapping, it is sufficient to check that the mapping
> > -	 * covers the offset. Be careful to check this first because the caller
> > -	 * can revalidate a COW mapping without updating the data seqno.
> > +	 * A COW mapping is only valid while the COW fork is unchanged. After a
> > +	 * change, the blocks behind the mapping can already be freed, for
> > +	 * example by the post-EOF trim on close. Do this check before the
> > +	 * data fork check, because the caller can revalidate a COW mapping
> > +	 * without updating the data seqno.
> >  	 */
> > -	if (wpc->iomap.flags & IOMAP_F_SHARED)
> > +	if (wpc->iomap.flags & IOMAP_F_SHARED) {
> > +		if (!ip->i_cowfp)
> > +			return false;
> > +		if (XFS_WPC(wpc)->cow_seq != READ_ONCE(ip->i_cowfp->if_seq)) {
> 
> The buffered write path has similar data/cow fork sequence counter
> revalidation code, so would it be a better idea to adapt the writeback
> path to sample the sequence counter via xfs_iomap_inode_sequence in
> xfs_map_blocks, and re-check that in xfs_imap_valid()?

Hmmmm - looking at the rest of the function, I think that using
xfs_iomap_inode_sequence() will potentially introduce a new bug...

The code 10 lines below for non-shared iomap validity
unconditionally checks the COW fork sequence number  if
xfs_inode_has_cow_data() returns true.

The code above is essentially makes it:

	if (IOMAP_F_SHARED) {
		if (!xfs_inode_has_cow_data())
			return false;
		/* check cow sequence */
		return ....
	}

	/* check data sequence */

	if (xfs_inode_has_cow_data())
		/* check cow sequence */

	return ...

IOWs, adding the seqeunce check to the SHARED iomap means we
-always- check the COW_FORK sequence number now if
xfs_inode_has_cow_data() returns true. i.e.

	if (xfs_inode_has_cow_data()) {
		/* check cow sequence */
	}
	if (IOMAP_F_SHARED)
		return false;

	/* check data sequence */

And with this, it should be obvious now why using I suspect
xfs_iomap_inode_sequence() could introduce new problems - it only
encodes the cow fork sequence number if IOMAP_F_SHARED is set.

However, looking at the reworked logic above, I think this uncovers
another bug, this one in xfs_map_blocks(). That is, xfs_map_blocks()
never samples the COW fork sequence number on pure data fork
writeback on xfs_inode_has_cow_data() inodes. Hence the "always
check the cow-fork sequence" on pure data overwrites -always- fails
on inodes with mixed data/cow overwrites, even when the cached
extent is still valid.....

So, before a fix is made, we need to decide what the correct
behaviour is for writeback on mixed mode inodes. Given the imapct of
getting this wrong, I think that should be unconditionally tossing
the cached iomap if either the cow fork or data fork changes. That
makes for simple logic, and it covers all cases where a racing
change could potentially cause an issue....

-Dave.
-- 
Dave Chinner
dgc@xxxxxxxxxx