[PATCH v3 1/3] mm: khugepaged: fix swap entry value to folio_pfn()

From: Vernon Yang

Date: Mon Aug 24 2026 - 05:35:07 EST


From: Vernon Yang <yanglincheng@xxxxxxxxxx>

When the swap entries found exceed max_ptes_swap, the loop is left via
break with folio still holding the xarray value that encodes the swap
entry, not valid folio pointer.

That value is passed to trace_mm_khugepaged_scan_file(), which feeds it
to folio_pfn(). On FLATMEM and SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP, the page_to_pfn() is
plain pointer arithmetic, so the trace event merely prints bogus
scan_pfn. On classic SPARSEMEM, the page_to_pfn() reads page->flags,
dereferencing the tiny encoded integer and oopsing khugepaged whenever
the trace event is enabled.

So when folio is the swap entry value, simply set pfn to -1, just like
exhausted scan naturally.

And the folio_put() has maybe dropped the last reference of folio. The
trace_mm_khugepaged_scan_file() is left with a dangling folio pointer.
so using the folio_pfn() before dropping the reference, closing
use-after-free window.

Fixes: d41fd2016ed0 ("mm/khugepaged: add tracepoint to hpage_collapse_scan_file()")
Cc: stable@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Signed-off-by: Vernon Yang <yanglincheng@xxxxxxxxxx>
---
include/trace/events/huge_memory.h | 6 +++---
mm/khugepaged.c | 5 ++++-
2 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/trace/events/huge_memory.h b/include/trace/events/huge_memory.h
index 5a48c5406cce..7b526528f85b 100644
--- a/include/trace/events/huge_memory.h
+++ b/include/trace/events/huge_memory.h
@@ -178,10 +178,10 @@ TRACE_EVENT(mm_collapse_huge_page_swapin,

TRACE_EVENT(mm_khugepaged_scan_file,

- TP_PROTO(struct mm_struct *mm, struct folio *folio, struct file *file,
+ TP_PROTO(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long pfn, struct file *file,
int present, int swap, int result),

- TP_ARGS(mm, folio, file, present, swap, result),
+ TP_ARGS(mm, pfn, file, present, swap, result),

TP_STRUCT__entry(
__field(struct mm_struct *, mm)
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ TRACE_EVENT(mm_khugepaged_scan_file,

TP_fast_assign(
__entry->mm = mm;
- __entry->pfn = folio ? folio_pfn(folio) : -1;
+ __entry->pfn = pfn;
__assign_str(filename);
__entry->present = present;
__entry->swap = swap;
diff --git a/mm/khugepaged.c b/mm/khugepaged.c
index 79effd3f3da4..00337405c0e0 100644
--- a/mm/khugepaged.c
+++ b/mm/khugepaged.c
@@ -2689,6 +2689,7 @@ static enum scan_result collapse_scan_file(struct mm_struct *mm,
int present, swap;
int node = NUMA_NO_NODE;
enum scan_result result = SCAN_SUCCEED;
+ unsigned long pfn;

present = 0;
swap = 0;
@@ -2719,6 +2720,7 @@ static enum scan_result collapse_scan_file(struct mm_struct *mm,
continue;
}

+ pfn = folio_pfn(folio);
if (is_pmd_order(folio_order(folio))) {
result = SCAN_PTE_MAPPED_HUGEPAGE;
/*
@@ -2779,7 +2781,8 @@ static enum scan_result collapse_scan_file(struct mm_struct *mm,
}
}

- trace_mm_khugepaged_scan_file(mm, folio, file, present, swap, result);
+ trace_mm_khugepaged_scan_file(mm, (!folio || xa_is_value(folio)) ? -1 : pfn,
+ file, present, swap, result);
return result;
}

--
2.53.0