[PATCH 4/7] KVM: selftests: Compute node masks on-demand in xAPIC IPI test

From: Sean Christopherson

Date: Wed Sep 02 2026 - 20:21:16 EST


Compute the node masks for the source (from) and destination (to) NUMA
nodes in the xAPIC IPI test instead of pre-filling an array of masks with
node per mask. Computing the mask on-demand is technically slower, but
doesn't require a large-ish on-stack array, and more importantly allows the
test to use a generic "get next NUMA node" API without having to commit all
of KVM selftests to using a large array of single-bit nodemasks.

Implement said API as a common KVM NUMA API so that it can be used by other
tests, e.g. in guest_memfd tests. Deliberately make @from "exclusive" as
the anticipated usage in KVM selftests is to select the next, *different*
node, i.e. so that users don't have to copy+paste code to assert that the
found node is different than the starting node. The obvious downside is
that implementing the exclusive logic forces callers to pass -1 instead of
0 when the goal is to find the first node in the mask, but that arguably
yields more intuitive code anyways.

>From an overall test functionality/coverage perspective, no functional
change intended (the walking pattern of node migration should be unchanged).

Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@xxxxxxxxxx>
---
tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/numaif.h | 21 +++++++++++-
.../selftests/kvm/x86/xapic_ipi_test.c | 32 ++++++-------------
2 files changed, 30 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/numaif.h b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/numaif.h
index 71f261eafc90..299dddff2729 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/numaif.h
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/numaif.h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@

#include <dirent.h>

-#include <linux/bitops.h>
+#include <linux/bitmap.h>
#include <linux/mempolicy.h>

#include "kvm_syscalls.h"
@@ -41,6 +41,25 @@ KVM_SYSCALL_DEFINE(mbind, 6, void *, addr, unsigned long, size, int, mode,
*/
#define MAXNODE_FOR_MASK(mask) (BITS_PER_TYPE(mask) + 1)

+/*
+ * Return the node ID of the next NUMA node in the mask, starting at @from+1.
+ * Guarantees a node is found, and that the found node is not @from. Pass -1
+ * to find the first node in the mask.
+ */
+static inline int kvm_get_next_numa_node(unsigned long nodemask, int from)
+{
+ const unsigned long nr_bits = BITS_PER_TYPE(nodemask);
+ int to;
+
+ to = find_next_bit(&nodemask, nr_bits, from + 1);
+ if (to == nr_bits)
+ to = find_next_bit(&nodemask, nr_bits, 0);
+
+ TEST_ASSERT(to != nr_bits && to != from,
+ "Unabled to find second NUMA node (from = %d, to = %d)", from, to);
+ return to;
+}
+
static inline int get_max_numa_node(void)
{
struct dirent *de;
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86/xapic_ipi_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86/xapic_ipi_test.c
index 9d1dfad4efa6..7144ad833ae0 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86/xapic_ipi_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86/xapic_ipi_test.c
@@ -233,13 +233,10 @@ void do_migrations(struct test_data_page *data, int run_secs, int delay_usecs,
{
long pages_not_moved;
unsigned long nodemask = 0;
- unsigned long nodemasks[BITS_PER_TYPE(nodemask)];
int nodes = 0;
time_t start_time, last_update, now;
time_t interval_secs = 1;
- int i;
int from, to;
- unsigned long bit;
u64 hlt_count;
u64 wake_count;
u64 ipis_sent;
@@ -255,24 +252,15 @@ void do_migrations(struct test_data_page *data, int run_secs, int delay_usecs,
"(each 1-bit indicates node is present): %#lx\n",
BITS_PER_TYPE(nodemask), nodemask);

- /* Init array of masks containing a single-bit in each, one for each
- * available node. migrate_pages called below requires specifying nodes
- * as bit masks.
- */
- for (i = 0, bit = 1; i < BITS_PER_TYPE(nodemask); i++, bit <<= 1) {
- if (nodemask & bit) {
- nodemasks[nodes] = nodemask & bit;
- nodes++;
- }
- }
-
+ nodes = __builtin_popcountl(nodemask);
TEST_ASSERT(nodes > 1,
"Did not find at least 2 numa nodes. Can't do migration");

fprintf(stderr, "Migrating amongst %d nodes found\n", nodes);

- from = 0;
- to = 1;
+ from = kvm_get_next_numa_node(nodemask, -1);
+ to = kvm_get_next_numa_node(nodemask, from);
+
start_time = time(NULL);
last_update = start_time;

@@ -281,6 +269,9 @@ void do_migrations(struct test_data_page *data, int run_secs, int delay_usecs,
wake_count = data->wake_count;

while ((int)(time(NULL) - start_time) < run_secs) {
+ unsigned long from_mask = BIT(from);
+ unsigned long to_mask = BIT(to);
+
data->migrations_attempted++;

/*
@@ -291,9 +282,8 @@ void do_migrations(struct test_data_page *data, int run_secs, int delay_usecs,
* KVM_CREATE_VCPU ioctl. If that assumption ever changes this
* test may break or give a false positive signal.
*/
- pages_not_moved = migrate_pages(0, MAXNODE_FOR_MASK(nodemasks[from]),
- &nodemasks[from],
- &nodemasks[to]);
+ pages_not_moved = migrate_pages(0, MAXNODE_FOR_MASK(from_mask),
+ &from_mask, &to_mask);
if (pages_not_moved < 0)
fprintf(stderr,
"migrate_pages failed, errno=%d\n", errno);
@@ -305,9 +295,7 @@ void do_migrations(struct test_data_page *data, int run_secs, int delay_usecs,
data->migrations_completed++;

from = to;
- to++;
- if (to == nodes)
- to = 0;
+ to = kvm_get_next_numa_node(nodemask, from);

now = time(NULL);
if (((now - start_time) % interval_secs == 0) &&
--
2.55.0.970.g62bdec98f9-goog