[PATCH bpf-next 2/2] selftests/bpf: Add testcases for callback with tailcall

From: Pu Lehui

Date: Sat Jul 11 2026 - 06:45:06 EST


From: Pu Lehui <pulehui@xxxxxxxxxx>

Add 3 testcases for callback with tailcall.
1. callback directly invokes tailcall
2. callback->subprog->tailcall
3. callback->subprog0->subprog1->tailcall

Signed-off-by: Pu Lehui <pulehui@xxxxxxxxxx>
---
.../selftests/bpf/prog_tests/tailcalls.c | 7 +
.../selftests/bpf/progs/tailcall_callback.c | 129 ++++++++++++++++++
2 files changed, 136 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/tailcall_callback.c

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/tailcalls.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/tailcalls.c
index a5a226d0104c..c66037162da5 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/tailcalls.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/tailcalls.c
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
#include "tailcall_cgrp_storage_no_storage.skel.h"
#include "tailcall_cgrp_storage.skel.h"
#include "tailcall_sleepable.skel.h"
+#include "tailcall_callback.skel.h"

/* test_tailcall_1 checks basic functionality by patching multiple locations
* in a single program for a single tail call slot with nop->jmp, jmp->nop
@@ -1901,6 +1902,11 @@ static void test_tailcall_sleepable(void)
tailcall_sleepable__destroy(skel);
}

+static void test_tailcall_callback(void)
+{
+ RUN_TESTS(tailcall_callback);
+}
+
void test_tailcalls(void)
{
if (test__start_subtest("tailcall_1"))
@@ -1967,4 +1973,5 @@ void test_tailcalls(void)
test_tailcall_cgrp_storage_no_storage_leaf();
if (test__start_subtest("tailcall_cgrp_storage_no_storage_bridge"))
test_tailcall_cgrp_storage_no_storage_bridge();
+ test_tailcall_callback();
}
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/tailcall_callback.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/tailcall_callback.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..504d8e7a6996
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/tailcall_callback.c
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+#include <linux/bpf.h>
+#include <bpf/bpf_helpers.h>
+#include "bpf_misc.h"
+#include "bpf_test_utils.h"
+
+int classifier_0(struct __sk_buff *skb);
+int classifier_1(struct __sk_buff *skb);
+
+struct {
+ __uint(type, BPF_MAP_TYPE_PROG_ARRAY);
+ __uint(max_entries, 2);
+ __uint(key_size, sizeof(__u32));
+ __array(values, void (void));
+} jmp_table SEC(".maps") = {
+ .values = {
+ [0] = (void *) &classifier_0,
+ [1] = (void *) &classifier_1,
+ },
+};
+
+struct {
+ __uint(type, BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY);
+ __uint(max_entries, 1);
+ __uint(key_size, sizeof(__u32));
+ __uint(value_size, sizeof(__u32));
+} arraymap SEC(".maps");
+
+__auxiliary
+SEC("tc")
+int classifier_0(struct __sk_buff *skb)
+{
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static __noinline
+int subprog_tail1(struct __sk_buff *skb)
+{
+ int ret = 0;
+
+ bpf_tail_call_static(skb, &jmp_table, 1);
+ barrier_var(ret);
+ return ret;
+}
+
+__auxiliary
+SEC("tc")
+int classifier_1(struct __sk_buff *skb)
+{
+ int ret;
+
+ ret = subprog_tail1(skb);
+ __sink(ret);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static __noinline
+int subprog_tail0(struct __sk_buff *skb)
+{
+ int ret;
+
+ ret = subprog_tail1(skb);
+ barrier_var(ret);
+ return ret;
+}
+
+static __noinline
+int callback_loop_1(int index, void **cb_ctx)
+{
+ int ret = 0;
+
+ bpf_tail_call_static(*cb_ctx, &jmp_table, 0);
+ barrier_var(ret);
+ return ret;
+}
+
+static __noinline
+int callback_loop_2(int index, void **cb_ctx)
+{
+ int ret;
+
+ ret = subprog_tail1(*cb_ctx);
+ barrier_var(ret);
+ return ret ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+static __noinline
+int callback_for_each(void *map, __u32 *key, __u64 *val, void **cb_ctx)
+{
+ int ret;
+
+ ret = subprog_tail0(*cb_ctx);
+ barrier_var(ret);
+ return ret ? 1 : 0;
+}
+/* callback involving tail call directly is rejected */
+SEC("tc")
+__failure __msg("callback unexpected regs 1")
+int tailcall_direct_callback(struct __sk_buff *skb)
+{
+ clobber_regs_stack();
+
+ bpf_loop(1, callback_loop_1, &skb, 0);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/* callback involving 1 subprog with tail call is rejected */
+SEC("tc")
+__failure __msg("cannot tail call within callback")
+int tailcall_bpf2bpf_callback_1(struct __sk_buff *skb)
+{
+ clobber_regs_stack();
+
+ bpf_loop(1, callback_loop_2, &skb, 0);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/* callback involving 2 subprogs with tail call is rejected */
+SEC("tc")
+__failure __msg("cannot tail call within callback")
+int tailcall_bpf2bpf_callback_2(struct __sk_buff *skb)
+{
+ clobber_regs_stack();
+
+ bpf_for_each_map_elem(&arraymap, callback_for_each, &skb, 0);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+char __license[] SEC("license") = "GPL";
--
2.34.1