[PATCH 1/3] regulator: core: use system_freezable_wq for init complete work

From: Joy Zou

Date: Wed Jul 15 2026 - 23:48:25 EST


schedule_delayed_work() uses system_wq, which is non-freezable, allowing
regulator_init_complete_work to run concurrently with system suspend. This
work fires ~30s after boot to disable unused regulators via I2C. When it
races with PM suspend, the I2C adapter may already be suspended, triggering
a -ESHUTDOWN warning dump.

[ 33.707233] pc : __i2c_transfer+0x36c/0x3c8
[ 33.707240] lr : __i2c_transfer+0x36c/0x3c8
[ 33.707246] sp : ffff80008239ba50
[ 33.707249] x29: ffff80008239ba50 x28: 0000000000000001 x27: 0000000000000000
[ 33.707259] x26: 0000000000000000 x25: 0000000000000001 x24: ffff0000c025c0e0
[ 33.707268] x23: 0000000000000000 x22: ffff0000c025c0e1 x21: 0000000000000001
[ 33.707277] x20: ffff80008239bae8 x19: ffff0000c0f54880 x18: fffffffffffeb320
[ 33.707287] x17: 000000040044ffff x16: 0000000000000000 x15: ffff800082086fd8
[ 33.707296] x14: 0000000000000000 x13: 0a6465646e657073 x12: 757320656c696877
[ 33.707305] x11: 0000000000000058 x10: 0000000000000018 x9 : ffff800082087060
[ 33.707314] x8 : 0000000000057fa8 x7 : 000000000000027d x6 : 0000000000000000
[ 33.707323] x5 : 0000000000000000 x4 : 0000000000000000 x3 : 00000000ffffffff
[ 33.707333] x2 : 0000000000000000 x1 : 0000000000000000 x0 : ffff0000c0123480
[ 33.707343] Call trace:
[ 33.707346] __i2c_transfer+0x36c/0x3c8 (P)
[ 33.707356] i2c_transfer+0x6c/0xf8
[ 33.707364] i2c_transfer_buffer_flags+0x5c/0xa0
[ 33.707372] regmap_i2c_write+0x20/0x60
[ 33.707382] _regmap_raw_write_impl+0x5cc/0x660
[ 33.707389] _regmap_bus_raw_write+0x60/0x80
[ 33.707396] _regmap_write+0x58/0xc0
[ 33.707403] _regmap_update_bits+0x11c/0x140
[ 33.707409] regmap_update_bits_base+0x54/0x80
[ 33.707416] regulator_disable_regmap+0x40/0x5c
[ 33.707424] _regulator_do_disable+0x94/0xbc
[ 33.707435] CPU2 is up
[ 33.707433] regulator_late_cleanup+0xe0/0x1e8
[ 33.707442] class_for_each_device+0x104/0x13c
[ 33.707450] regulator_init_complete_work_function+0x54/0x80
[ 33.707458] process_one_work+0x150/0x290
[ 33.707467] worker_thread+0x180/0x2f4
[ 33.707473] kthread+0x12c/0x204
[ 33.707484] ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20
[ 33.707493] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---

Switch to system_freezable_wq so the work is frozen before any device
is suspended, eliminating the race.

Fixes: 55576cf18537 ("regulator: Defer init completion for a while after late_initcall")
Signed-off-by: Joy Zou <joy.zou@xxxxxxxxxxx>
---
drivers/regulator/core.c | 6 ++++--
1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/regulator/core.c b/drivers/regulator/core.c
index 1797929dfe56..d5d24a940f31 100644
--- a/drivers/regulator/core.c
+++ b/drivers/regulator/core.c
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
#include <linux/regulator/driver.h>
#include <linux/regulator/machine.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/workqueue.h>

#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
#include <trace/events/regulator.h>
@@ -6882,8 +6883,9 @@ static int __init regulator_init_complete(void)
* we'd only do this on systems that need it, and a kernel
* command line option might be useful.
*/
- schedule_delayed_work(&regulator_init_complete_work,
- msecs_to_jiffies(30000));
+ queue_delayed_work(system_freezable_wq,
+ &regulator_init_complete_work,
+ msecs_to_jiffies(30000));

return 0;
}

--
2.34.1